Мета. Вивчити реакцію на яровизацію та ідентифікувати Vrn-1 генотипи сучасних сортів дворучок пшениці м’якої різного походження. Методи. Темпоральна яровизація, гібридологічний аналіз типу розвитку за системою генів Vrn-1, дисперсійний і кореляційний аналіз, критерій 2 для оцінювання відповідності фактично одержаних результатів розщеплення теоретичній гіпотезі. Результати.Сорти дворучки суттєво розрізняються за тривалістю періоду до колосіння в польових умовах у разі осінньої сівби та за вирощування рослин після яровизації 10–40 діб і без такої на вегетаційному майданчику за природнього дня. Сорти ‘Шестопаловка’ і ‘Demir 2000’ для переходу до генеративного розвитку (колосіння) потребують 30 і 40 діб яровизації зелених паростків за +2 °С. Сорти ‘Соломія’ і ‘Хуторянка’ не реагували на попередню яровизацію протягом обох років вивчення. Контрольна лінія ‘Мироновская 808 Vrn-В1а’ і сорт ‘Зимоярка’ реагували достовірнім скороченням тривалості періоду до колосіння на попередню яровизацію – 10 діб, ‘Афина’, ‘Ласточка’, ‘Паллада’, ‘L897Я23’ – 10–20 та ‘Яра’ – 10–30 діб. Зіставлення розщеплення на ярі та озимі нащадки F2 популяцій діалельних і тесткросних схрещувань дало змогу виявити п’ять груп Vrn-1 генотипів із різним генетичним контролем типу розвитку. Сорти ‘Шестопаловка’ і ‘Demir 2000’ є носіями тільки рецесивних алелів Vrn-A1b Vrn-B1b Vrn-D1b. У генотипі сортів ‘Зимоярка’ та ‘Хуторянка’ присутні два домінантні гени Vrn-A1а і Vrn-B1a. Інші сорти є носіями тільки одного домінантного гена Vrn-1:‘Соломія’ – гена Vrn-A1а, ‘Паллада’ і ‘Яра’ – гена Vrn-B1a, ‘Афина’, ‘Ласточка’ та лінія ‘L897Я23’ – гена Vrn-D1a. Висновки. Сорти ‘Шестопаловка’ і ‘Demir 2000’ є озимими генотипами. Сорти ‘Афина’, ‘Ласточка’, ‘L897Я23’, ‘Зимоярка’, ‘Соломія’, ‘Хуторянка’, ‘Паллада’, ‘Яра’ є ярими і колосяться за весняної сівби без яровизації. З погляду генетичного контролю типу розвитку сорти ‘Паллада’ та ‘Яра’ відповідають критеріям «типових» дворучок, але остаточний висновок можна зробити лише після вивчення реакції на фотоперіод вказаних генотипів.

Мета. Розробити правила номенклатури, таксономії та культономії рослин. Результати. Для регулювання назв рослин у різних сферах застосовують положення Міжнародного Кодексу номенклатури для водоростей, грибів і рослин, Міжнародного Кодексу номенклатури культурних рослин, Міжнародного Кодексу філогенетичної номенклатури та Міжнародної конвенції з охорони нових сортів рослин. Український правопис, який унормовує питання української мови включно з написанням назв рослин, не охоплює повною мірою всього розмаїття питань у цій сфері. Контроверсні підходи ботаніків і філологів до впорядкування, відповідно, української номенклатури рослин та правописних правил потребують узгодження. Для впорядкування і гармонізації української фітономії запропоновано проект Правил номенклатури, таксономії та культономії рослин. Висновки. Проект Правил номенклатури, таксономії та культономії рослин є важливим кроком у вирішенні низки питань найменування рослин і застування їхніх назв у науковій та господарській діяльності.

Мета. Оцінити колекцію скоростиглих константних ліній зародкової плазми Айодент за основними показниками елементів структури врожаю. Методи. Польовий, математико-статистичний. Результати. За роки вивчення константних ліній середня врожайність зерна змінювалася в межах від 3,36 т/га у 2014 р. до 4,24 т/га у 2013 р., у 2015 р. вона була на рівні 3,63 т/га. Максимальну середню врожайність отримано в ліній ‘ДК555’ та ‘ДК744’ – 5,35 та 5,22 т/га відповідно. Найстабільніші показники врожайності зерна за роки досліджень були в ліній ‘ДК237’ та ‘ДК1274’ з інтервалом коливань 0,33 та 0,36 т/га відповідно та значенням середньоквадратичного відхилення 0,06 т/га. Визначено коефіцієнти варіації елементів структури врожаю самозапилених ліній, які були в межах від 9,1% стосовно ознаки «кількість рядів зерен» до 13,2% щодо ознаки «маса 100 зерен». Середня кількість зерен у ряду в ліній за роки досліджень становила 18,3 шт. (lim 15,7–21,9), що на 11,6% менше за показник лінії-стандарту ‘ДК744’ (20,7 шт). Середній вихід зерна в ліній становив 74,0% (lim 53,6–81,7%). Найвищі його показники зафіксовано у ‘ДК1274’ (79,6%), ‘ДК213’ (79,9%), ‘ДК744’ (81,2%) та ‘ДК555’ (81,7%). Найстабільнішими за показниками «маса 100 зерен» були лінії ‘ДК216’ та ‘ДК237’ – у середньому 24,1 та 27,0 г, середні квадратичні відхилення (s) становили 0,7 та 3,1 відповідно. Виявлено тісний зв’язок урожайності зерна з кількістю зерен у ряду та виходом зерна – 0,85 і 0,83 відповідно. Висновки. Виділено лінії з максимальним проявом ознак: урожайність зерна – ‘ДК555’ (5,35 т/га) та ‘ДК744’ (5,22 т/га); кількість рядів зерен – ‘ДК744’ (17,0 шт.) та ‘ДК1274’ (15,5 шт.); кількість зерен у ряду – ‘ДК555’ (21,9 шт.) та ‘ДК744’ (20,7 шт.); маса 100 зерен – ‘ДК213’ (28,2 г) та ‘ДК1274’ (27,7 г). Лінії ‘ДК1274’ та ‘ДК237’ мали найменший діапазон значень урожайності зерна за роками (4,39 та 3,39 т/га відповідно).

Purpose. To obtain Miscanthus sacchariflorus (Maxim.) Hack and Miscanthus sinensis Andersson in vitro culture by indirect morphogenesis. Methods. Biotechnological procedures, mathematical and statistical analyses. Results. Composition of nutrient medium was developed intended for induction of callusogenesis from Miscanthus seeds with a poor germination and viability of seedlings – Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium was modified for the amount of macroelements (half-dose) that was supplemented with amino acids (300 mg/l of glutamic acid, 50 mg/l of aspartic acid, 5 mg/l of tyrosine, 3 mg/l of arginine, 2 mg/l of hydroxyproline) and plant growth regulators [2,5 mg/l of 2.4D (2.4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid), 0,6 mg/l of BAP (6-Benzyl-aminopurine) and 0,3 mg/l of ABA (Abscisic acid)]. Composition of nutrient medium was developed for regeneration of microplants from callus – agar MS medium was modified for the amount of macroelements (half-dose) supplemented with vitamins: 10 mg/l of thiaminum, 1,0 mg/l of pyridoxine, 1,0 mg/l of nicotinic acid (by White), 1,0 mg/l of ascorbic acid, 250 mg/l of glutamic acid, 2,0 mg/l of BAP, 0,3 mg/l of NAA (Naphthaleneacetic acid). On this medium, 100% regeneration of M. sacchariflorus (Maxim.) Hack and 50% regeneration of M. sinensis Andersson was obtained. Due to media modification aimed at initiating callusogenesis and microplants regeneration, reproduction factor of M. sinensis was increased 20 times at the average, M. sacchariflorus – 35–40 times. Conclusions. Plants of M. sacchariflorus (Maxim.) Hack and M. sinensis Andersson were obtained in vitro culture by initiation of callusogenes and microplants regeneration from the Miscanthus seeds with poor germination and viability on nutrient media of certain composition.

Purpose. To create and study genotypes of the secondary triticale of the hexaploid level for their effective use in further breeding and plant growing. Methods. Field study, laboratory analyses, intraspecific hybridization with subsequent individual selection. Results. New genotypes of the secon­dary triticale of the hexaploid level have been created and characterized for economic characters and agroecological traits and properties. Series of short-stem winter triticale was represented by ‘Pshenychne’, ‘Chaian’ to be adapted to the conditions of both intensive and organic farming. They are characterized by high drought resistance and winter hardiness, resistance to lodging, grain shedding, grain germination in the spike and spike fragility as well as by immunity to fungal diseases providing a high level of yield and technological quality of grain. The following new constant forms of triticale as ‘ПС_1-12’, ‘ПС_2-12’, ‘ПС_3-12’, that have an average height of the stem and belong to the Polissia-Forest-Steppe and Forest-Steppe ecotypes, demonstrated high productivity and adaptability in organic farming, particularly in case of the use of biologized elements of agrotechnology. Conclusions. For the creation a new parent material during breeding of hexaploid triticale, the method of intraspecific hybridization is desirable with the use of parent material to be contrasting for eco-geographical origin and adapted local forms, followed by individual selection of genotypes with the desired characteristics and properties in cleavable hybrid populations. New genotypes of the secondary triticale have been created and characterized for breeding, genetic and agroecological traits and properties. In breeding practice, it is advisable to use a whole new approach of agroecological and genetic certification of genotypes for the effective solution of a number of theoretical and practical tasks facing modern ecological and adaptive breeding. New parent material of the secondary winter triticale and scientific support for its cultivation is proposed for further breeding and plant growing.

Purpose. To investigate the varietal characteristics of the hemp plants for improving the quality indices of the soil they grow in, determine the amount of inorganic elements in the soil, level of their accumulation in plant stalkі and seeds. Methods. Field and spectrometric methods were basic. The results were processed using conventional methods in agriculture, crop growing and statistics. Variants of the experiment were as follows: varieties ‘Hliana’, ‘Hlesiia’: 1) soils; 2) stalks; 3) seeds. Schemes of experiments included: a) technical maturity of plants, row spacing 45 cm; b) tech­nical maturity of plants, row spacing 15 cm; c) biological maturity of plants, row spacing 45 cm; d) biological maturity of plants, row spacing 15 cm. Results. The amount of the accumulation of alkaline earth metals and their compounds by seeds and stalks of hemp plants depending on their content in vegetation soils was determined. It was found that stalks of the ‘Hlesiia’ plant accumulated strontium (Sr) and its compounds far less than that of ‘Hliana’, whereas in the seeds of the ‘Hlesiia’ variety the content of this chemical element was higher comparing with the previous variety by 70 and 78%, respectively. The difference in the accumulation of barium (Ba) compounds in seeds of hemp plants was not significant, while the tissues of the plant stalks of the ‘Hlia­na’ variety accumulated its compounds significantly more as compared to the ‘Hlesiia’ variety. The degree of influence of the variety, feeding area and the maturity stage on the processes of magnesium compounds (Mg) accumulation by plants was not revealed. Plants of the ‘Hlesiia’ variety accumulated far less calcium (Ca) and its compounds in the stalk tissues as compared to the plants of the ‘Hliana’ variety: in variants of the technical maturity stage of plants with row spacing 45 cm (a) and d – plants of narrow-row sowing (15 cm) in the biological maturity stage 30,94 and 15,95 mg/kg more in the presence in soil and in variants of the technical maturity stage of plants of narrow-row sowing (15 cm) and in the biological maturity stage with broad-sowing (45 cm) 34.54 and 24.19 mg/kg less in the presence in soil. Conclusions. The indices of accumulation of alkaline earth metals by hemp plants were significantly affected by the concentration of compounds of a certain chemical element in the arable layer, the level of energy (light) obtained by plants during vegetation, the varietal features of hemp, the stages of organogenesis of hemp plants and the specificity of their aboveground parts – stalks to accumulate these chemical elements as well as cumulate them by seeds. The varietal dependence as for accumulation of heavy metals by hemp plants tissues and seeds was established. In order to obtain environmentally friendly products, it is necessary to take into account the varietal features of plants concerning the ability to absorb and accumulate the relevant chemical elements and their compounds in the process of hemp culti­vation.

Purpose. To determine and substantiate practical aspects of statistical analysis application for management results of the morphological description of cutting lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) varieties when identifying them during corresponding phenological phases of growth and development. Methods. Field study, analytical approach based on descriptive statistics and cluster analysis. Results. Quantitative values of display of such morphological characters as leaf rosette diameter, lettuce head size, leaf blade thickness and its venation were determined for the Lactuca sativa L. varieties. Statistical indices of four morphological characters of randomized sampling frame of seven cutting lettuce varie­ties were determined and the results of statistical analysis were interpreted. Cutting lettuce of loose leaf and capitate varieties was identified during corresponding phenological phases of growth and development. The most suitable method for clustering cutting lettuce varieties was defined. The results of clustering were interpreted. It was found that ‘Hodar’ variety differed greatly from others, ‘Dumka’ and ‘Olzhych’ varieties were the most similar. Conclusions. The results of the identification allowed to establish that capitate lettuce varieties were similar in the following combinations: ‘Bona’ and ‘Dyvohray’, ‘Olzhych’ and ‘Dumka’. According to the duration of interphase periods, it can be noted that such varieties as ‘Dumka’ and ‘Dyvohrai’ had the highest rate of maturation in comparison with ‘Bona’ and ‘Hodar’ varieties, and the lowest one as compared to the ‘Olzhych’ variety

Purpose. To assess introduced samples of drought-resistant species of perennial grasses, select a promising parent material and create on its base high-yielding varie­ ies with economic characters. Methods. Field experiment, laboratory testing. Results. The results of studies on introduction and breeding were given aimed to improve drought tolerance of non-traditional perennial grasses under the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine. Based on the selected parent material, varieties were created by the use of hybridization and ecotype breeding methods and then entered into the State Register of plant varieties suitable for dissemination in Ukraine, among them: intermediate wheatgrass (Elytrigia intermedia (Host) Nevski) – ‘Hors’, crested wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn.) – ‘Petrivskyi’; meadow brome (Bromus riparia Rehm.) – ‘Boian’; slender wheatgrass (Roegneria trachycaulon (Link) Nevski) – ‘Co­umb’. As compared with conventional, relatively drought-tolerant species of smooth brome (Bromopsis inermis (Leyss.) Holub) – ‘Mars’, increment of dry matter content of these species in the extreme drought conditions of 2011 was increased by 1,52–3,73 t/ha. Under more sufficient moistening conditions of 2012, slender wheatgrass ‘Columb’ was at the level of the сheck variety in terms of this indicator. Other varieties exceeded it by 1.44–3.22 t/ha. The data was given including seed productivity and sowing quality indicators, after-ripening duration and economic fitness of seeds. Conclusions. The use of the recommended varieties of drought-resistant species of perennial grasses as part of grass mixtures will increase significantly the productivity of grasslands and pastures in the current context of climate change.

Purpose. To define statistical methods and tools (application packages) for creating the decision support system (DSS) for qualifying examination of plant varieties suitable for dissemination (VSD) in the context of data processing tasks. To substantiate the selection of software for proces­sing statistical data relative to field and laboratory investigations that are included into the qualifying examination for VSD. Methods. Analytical one based on the comparison of methods of descriptive and multivariate statistics and tools of intellectual analysis of data obtained during qualifying examination for VSD. Comparative analysis of software tools for processing statistical data in order to prepare proposals for the final decision on plant variety application. Decomposition of tasks was carried out which were included into the decision support system for qualifying examination of varieties-candidates for VSD. Results. Statistical package SPSS, analysis package included in MS Excel and programe language R was compared for the following criteria: interface usability, functionality, quality of calculation result presentation, visibility of graphical information, software cost. The both packages were widely used in the world for statistical data processing, they have similar functions for statistics calculation. Conclusion. Tasks of VSD were separated and recommended to tackle using investigated tools. Programe language R was a product recommended to use as a tool. The main advantage of R as compared to the package IBM SPSS Statistics is the fact that R is an open source software.

Purpose. To define statistical methods and tools (application packages) for creating the decision support system (DSS) for qualifying examination of plant varieties suitable for dissemination (VSD) in the context of data processing tasks. To substantiate the selection of software for proces­sing statistical data relative to field and laboratory investigations that are included into the qualifying examination for VSD. Methods. Analytical one based on the comparison of methods of descriptive and multivariate statistics and tools of intellectual analysis of data obtained during qualifying examination for VSD. Comparative analysis of software tools for processing statistical data in order to prepare proposals for the final decision on plant variety application. Decomposition of tasks was carried out which were included into the decision support system for qualifying examination of varieties-candidates for VSD. Results. Statistical package SPSS, analysis package included in MS Excel and programe language R was compared for the following criteria: interface usability, functionality, quality of calculation result presentation, visibility of graphical information, software cost. The both packages were widely used in the world for statistical data processing, they have similar functions for statistics calculation. Conclusion. Tasks of VSD were separated and recommended to tackle using investigated tools. Programe language R was a product recommended to use as a tool. The main advantage of R as compared to the package IBM SPSS Statistics is the fact that R is an open source software.