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Thermal processing reduces PFAS concentrations in blue food – A systematic review and meta-analysis Полный текст
2022
Vendl, Catharina | Pottier, Patrice | Taylor, Matthew D. | Bräunig, Jennifer | Gibson, Matthew J. | Hesselson, Daniel | Neely, G Gregory | Lagisz, Malgorzata | Nakagawa, Shinichi
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are ubiquitous in the environment and often ingested with food. PFAS exposure in people can have detrimental health consequences. Therefore, reducing PFAS burdens in food items is of great importance to public health. Here, we investigated whether cooking reduces PFAS concentrations in animal-derived food products by synthesizing experimental studies. Further, we examined the moderating effects of the following five variables: cooking time, liquid/animal tissue ratio, cooking temperature, carbon chain length of PFAS and the cooking category (oil-based, water-based & no-liquid cooking). In our systematic review searches, we obtained 512 effect sizes (relative differences in PFAS concentration between raw and cooked samples) from 10 relevant studies. These studies exclusively explored changes in PFAS concentrations in cooked seafood and freshwater fish. Our multilevel-meta-analysis has revealed that, on average, cooking reduced PFAS concentrations by 29%, although heterogeneity among effect sizes was very high (I² = 94.65%). Our five moderators cumulatively explained 49% of the observed heterogeneity. Specifically, an increase in cooking time and liquid/animal tissue ratio, as well as shorter carbon chain length of PFAS (when cooked with oil) were associated with significant reductions in PFAS concentrations. The effects of different ways of cooking depended on the other moderators, while the effect of cooking temperature itself was not significant. Overall, cooking can reduce PFAS concentrations in blue food (seafood and freshwater fish). However, it is important to note that complete PFAS elimination requires unrealistically long cooking times and large liquid/animal tissue ratios. Currently, literature on the impact of cooking of terrestrial animal produce on PFAS concentrations is lacking, which limits the inference and generalisation of our meta-analysis. However, our work represents the first step towards developing guidelines to reduce PFAS in food via cooking exclusively with common kitchen items and techniques.
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Toxicity responses of different organs of zebrafish (Danio rerio) to silver nanoparticles with different particle sizes and surface coatings Полный текст
2019
Liu, Haiqiang | Wang, Xinxin | Wu, Yazhou | Hou, Jing | Zhang, Siyi | Zhou, Nan | Wang, Xiangke
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in aquatic ecosystems are toxic to aquatic organisms. In this study, we aimed to investigate the toxicities and molecular mechanisms of AgNPs with different surface coatings (sodium citrate and polyvinylpyrrolidone) and particle sizes (20 nm and 100 nm) in the gills, intestines, and muscles of zebrafish after 96 h of exposure. Our results indicated that the contribution of particle size to AgNP toxicity was greater than that of the surface coating. Citrate-coated AgNPs were more toxic than polyvinylpyrrolidone-coated AgNPs, and 20-nm AgNPs were more toxic than 100-nm AgNPs. The toxic effects of AgNPs to the tissues were in the order intestines > gills > muscles. Differential expression of genes with the different AgNPs confirmed that they had toxic effects in the zebrafish tissues at the molecular level. Our comprehensive comparison of the toxicities of different AgNPs to aquatic ecosystems will be helpful for further risk assessments of AgNPs.
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Comparative toxicokinetics and tissue distribution of prothioconazole and prothioconazole-desthio in Chinese lizards (Eremias argus) and transcriptional responses of metabolic-related genes Полный текст
2019
Xie, Yun | Li, Leon Yu Zheng | Hao, Weiyu | Chang, Jing | Xu, Peng | Guo, Baoyuan | Li, Jianzhong | Wang, Huili
Prothioconazole (PTC) is a widely used triazolinthione fungicide with low toxicity and short residual period. However, its desulfurization metabolite, prothioconazole-desthio (PTC-d), is more persistent and has higher toxicity in terrestrial animals. In this study, the toxicokinetics (TK) and tissue distribution of PTC and PTC-d in Chinese lizards (Eremias argus) were measured following single oral dose (100 mg kg⁻¹ body weight) treatments. TK parameters indicated that PTC was more rapidly absorbed than PTC-d, as indicated by its shorter time to reach peak concentrations in most tissues. Furthermore, the relative bioavailability of PTC in lizards was lower than that of PTC-d. Compared with PTC, PTC-d preferentially accumulated in lizards, as reflected by longer half-life of PTC-d. During the distribution process, PTC-d generated in vivo was transported from other tissues and was deposited in the skin and tail, where PTC-d may be excreted by exuviation or tail detachment. Preferential enrichment of S-enantiomer of both PTC and PTC-d were observed in all tissues. Hepatic cytochrome P450 gene expression measurement revealed that cyp1a5 and cyp3a28 exhibited the strongest responses in both treatment groups. In addition, the opposite responses of cyp2k4 in different treatment groups may indicate that this enzyme caused differences in the rates of metabolism of the two chemicals. This study compared the TK profile of PTC and its desulfurization metabolite PTC-d in lizards and demonstrated that the desulfurization of PTC could increase its ecological risk due to the higher bioavailability and persistence of PTC-d.
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Ecotoxicology of silver nanoparticles and their derivatives introduced in soil with or without sewage sludge: A review of effects on microorganisms, plants and animals Полный текст
2019
Courtois, Pauline | Rorat, Agnieszka | Lemiere, Sébastien | Guyoneaud, Rémy | Attard, Eléonore | Levard, Clément | Vandenbulcke, Franck
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are widely incorporated in many products, partly due to their antimicrobial properties. The subsequent discharge of this form of silver into wastewater leads to an accumulation of silver species (AgNPs and derivatives resulting from their chemical transformation), in sewage sludge. As a result of the land application of sewage sludge for agricultural or remediation purposes, soils are the primary receiver media of silver contamination. Research on the long-term impact of AgNPs on the environment is ongoing, and this paper is the first review that summarizes the existing state of scientific knowledge on the potential impact of silver species introduced into the soil via sewage sludge, from microorganisms to earthworms and plants. Silver species can easily enter cells through biological membranes and affect the physiology of organisms, resulting in toxic effects. In soils, exposure to AgNPs may change microbial biomass and diversity, decrease plant growth and inhibit soil invertebrate reproduction. Physiological, biochemical and molecular effects have been documented in various soil organisms and microorganisms. Negative effects on organisms of the dominant form of silver in sewage sludge, silver sulfide (Ag₂S), have been observed, although these effects are attenuated compared to the effects of metallic AgNPs. However, silver toxicity is complex to evaluate and much remains unknown about the ecotoxicology of silver species in soils, especially with respect to the possibility of transfer along the trophic chain via accumulation in plant and animal tissues. Critical points related to the hazards associated with the presence of silver species in the environment are described, and important issues concerning the ecotoxicity of sewage sludge applied to soil are discussed to highlight gaps in existing scientific knowledge and essential research directions for improving risk assessment.
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Non-lethal sampling of avian indicators reveals reliable geographic signals of mercury despite highly dynamic patterns of exposure in a large wetland Полный текст
2019
Zabala, Jabi | Rodriguez-Jorquera, Ignacio A. | Orzechowski, Sophia C. | Frederick, Peter
Mercury is a global contaminant with special relevance for aquatic food webs, where biomagnification can result in strong effects on apex predators. Non-lethal sampling of tissues such as blood and feathers is often used to assess mercury risk and spatiotemporal variability of mercury exposure on avian populations. However, the assumption that samples from individuals within a population are representative of local mercury exposure underpins those approaches. While this assumption may be justified, it is rarely expressed quantitatively. Further, the stability of the tissue/exposure relationship over time or space may depend on the sampling medium used, since some tissues and age classes may be better at reflecting local or short-term changes in exposure. Here, we present analyses of mercury concentrations from three tissues (albumen, blood and feathers) of the same individual great egret (Ardea alba) nestlings from breeding colonies in the Florida Everglades collected over three consecutive years. The interaction of year and colony location explained at least 50% of the observed variation in mercury concentration in all the sampled tissues. Annual colony-wide average Hg concentrations in any of the sampled tissues correlated with average Hg concentrations in the other two tissues from the same colony (R² > 0.53 in every case), while concentrations in albumen, blood and feathers from the same individual correlated poorly (R² < 0.23 in every case). We suggest that despite high variation between and within individuals of the same colony, annual colony-averaged mercury concentrations in albumen, nestling blood or feathers can be representative indicators of annual geographic differences in mercury exposure. These results support the use of non-lethal sampling of nestling tissues to reflect local mercury exposure over large spatial scales.
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Critical analysis of the relationship between imposex and butyltin body burden in Nassarius reticulatus and Nucella lapillus Полный текст
2018
Rial, D. | Bellas, J. | Ruiz, J.M.
Critical analysis of the relationship between imposex and butyltin body burden in Nassarius reticulatus and Nucella lapillus Полный текст
2018
Rial, D. | Bellas, J. | Ruiz, J.M.
Imposex is a disorder caused by organotins, mainly tributyltin, which results in the appearance of male sexual characteristics in females of gastropod mollusks. The main objective of this work was to make a critical analysis of the relationship between imposex and butyltin body burdens in Nucella lapillus and Nassarius reticulatus. Specifically, this study evaluates possible additive effects among butyltins, proposes scales of effects based on robust statistical criteria as alternatives to existing ones and defines the body burdens of TBT in N. lapillus and N. reticulatus corresponding to the assessment classes (ACs) of the Vas Deferens Sequence Index (VDSI) established by OSPAR. Data of organotin body burdens and biological effects was retrieved from the ICES Dataset and from scientific literature. All responses, except the percentage of females displaying Imposex (IMPF) in Nucella lapillus, showed a sigmoidal profile regarding to the body burden of mono- (MBT), di- (DBT) and tributyltin and sum of butyltins (SumBTs). TBT and the SumBTs were better indicators of the VDSI or Relative Penis Size Index/Relative Penis Length Index (RPSI/RPLI) responses than MBT or DBT in most cases. From a statistical point of view, RPSI/RPLI and VDSI were better indicators of contamination by TBT than IMPF, although both RPSI and RPLI showed lower sensitivity than VDSI. The model used for describing the joint effect of butyltins provided a statistically significant fitting to the data assuming a null effect for both MBT and DBT for N. lapillus, and a lower toxic contribution of MBT and DBT with respect to TBT for N. reticulatus. RPSI or RPLI values, equivalent to the ACs for VDSI, were proposed as alternative criteria when measuring moderate to high levels of imposex. TBT concentrations in N. reticulatus and N. lapillus tissues, corresponding to the ACs were calculated and provided valuable information for cross-species comparisons.
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Critical analysis of the relationship between imposex and butyltin body burden in Nassarius reticulatus and Nucella lapillus Полный текст
2018
Rial, Diego | Bellas, Juan | Ruiz-Fernández, Juan Manuel
Imposex is a disorder caused by organotins, mainly tributyltin, which results in the appearance of male sexual characteristics in females of gastropod mollusks. The main objective of this work was to make a critical analysis of the relationship between imposex and butyltin body burdens in Nucella lapillus and Nassarius reticulatus. Specifically, this study evaluates possible additive effects among butyltins, proposes scales of effects based on robust statistical criteria as alternatives to existing ones and defines the body burdens of TBT in N. lapillus and N. reticulatus corresponding to the assessment classes (ACs) of the Vas Deferens Sequence Index (VDSI) established by OSPAR. Data of organotin body burdens and biological effects was retrieved from the ICES Dataset and from scientific literature. All responses, except the percentage of females displaying Imposex (IMPF) in Nucella lapillus, showed a sigmoidal profile regarding to the body burden of mono- (MBT), di- (DBT) and tributyltin and sum of butyltins (SumBTs). TBT and the SumBTs were better indicators of the VDSI or Relative Penis Size Index/Relative Penis Length Index (RPSI/ RPLI) responses than MBT or DBT in most cases. From a statistical point of view, RPSI/RPLI and VDSI were better indicators of contamination by TBT than IMPF, although both RPSI and RPLI showed lower sensitivity than VDSI. The model used for describing the joint effect of butyltins provided a statistically significant fitting to the data assuming a null effect for both MBT and DBT for N. lapillus, and a lower toxic contribution of MBT and DBT with respect to TBT for N. reticulatus. RPSI or RPLI values, equivalent to the ACs for VDSI, were proposed as alternative criteria when measuring moderate to high levels of imposex. TBT concentrations in N. reticulatus and N. lapillus tissues, corresponding to the ACs were calculated and provided valuable information for cross-species comparisons. | Sí
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Homosalate aggravates the invasion of human trophoblast cells as well as regulates intracellular signaling pathways including PI3K/AKT and MAPK pathways Полный текст
2018
Yang, Changwon | Lim, Whasun | Bazer, Fuller W. | Song, Gwonhwa
Homosalate is an organic ultraviolet filter used in most sunscreens but has been reported to be toxic to marine organisms. The estrogenic activity of homosalate has also been reported, but its endocrine-disrupting effect remains unclear. Although homosalate has been detected in human placental tissues, its effect on the survival of human trophoblast cells needs to be investigated. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated if HTR8/SVneo, a human trophoblast cell line, treated with homosalate showed decreasing proliferative activity in a dose-dependent manner. Homosalate promoted the death of HTR8/SVneo cells with elevated lipid peroxidation and intracellular Ca²⁺ concentration. It also induced endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial morphological disturbances associated with the differentiation of human trophoblast cells. However, when the intracellular Ca²⁺ or reactive oxygen species were removed using BAPTA-AM or N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), the cell proliferation suppressed by homosalate was restored. Homosalate also significantly inhibited the invasion of HTR8/SVneo cells. Furthermore, it modulated phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways, which were involved in the cross-talk between both signaling pathways in HTR8/SVneo cells. Thus, homosalate adversely affects the survival, proliferation, and invasiveness of human trophoblast cells and therefore pregnant women should practice caution while using personal care products containing homosalate.
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Untangling causes of variation in mercury concentration between flight feathers Полный текст
2021
Gatt, Marie Claire | Furtado, Ricardo | Granadeiro, José Pedro | Lopes, Daniel | Pereira, Eduarda | Catry, Paulo
Untangling causes of variation in mercury concentration between flight feathers Полный текст
2021
Gatt, Marie Claire | Furtado, Ricardo | Granadeiro, José Pedro | Lopes, Daniel | Pereira, Eduarda | Catry, Paulo
Bird feathers are one of the most widely used animal tissue in mercury biomonitoring, owing to the ease of collection and storage. They are also the principal excretory pathway of mercury in birds. However, limitations in our understanding of the physiology of mercury deposition in feathers has placed doubt on the interpretation of feather mercury concentratoins. Throughout the literature, moult sequence and the depletion of the body mercury pool have been taken to explain patterns such as the decrease in feather mercury from the innermost (P1) to the outermost primary feather (P10) of the wing. However, it has been suggested that this pattern is rather a measurement artefact as a result of the increased feather mass to length ratio along the primaries, resulting in a dilution effect in heavier feathers. Here, we attempt to untangle the causes of variation in feather mercury concentrations by quantifying the mercury concentration as μg of mercury (i) per gram of feather, (ii) per millimetre of feather, and (iii) per day of feather growth in the primary feathers of Bulwer’s Petrel Bulweria bulwerii chicks, effectively controlling for some of the axes of variation that may be acting in adults, and monitoring the growth rate of primary feathers in chicks. The mercury concentration in Bulwer’s Petrel chicks’ primaries increased from the innermost to the outermost primary for all three concentration measures, following the order of feather emergence. These observations confirm that the pattern of mercury concentration across primary feathers is not an artefact of the measure of concentration, but is likely an effect of the order of feather growth, whereby the earlier grown feathers are exposed to higher blood mercury concentrations than are later moulted feathers as a result of blood mercury depletion.
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Toxicity beyond accumulation of Titanium after exposure of Mytilus galloprovincialis to spiked seawater Полный текст
2019
Monteiro, Rui | Costa, Silvana | Coppola, Francesca | Freitas, Rosa | Vale, Carlos | Pereira, Eduarda
Toxicity beyond accumulation of Titanium after exposure of Mytilus galloprovincialis to spiked seawater Полный текст
2019
Monteiro, Rui | Costa, Silvana | Coppola, Francesca | Freitas, Rosa | Vale, Carlos | Pereira, Eduarda
Mytilus galloprovincialis was exposed to seawater spiked with 5, 50 and 100 μg L⁻¹ of Titanium (Ti) for 14 days. Seawater was renewed after 96 h and new addition of Ti was done. A parallel experiment conducted in the absence of mussels showed that during the first 24 h after spiking, Ti concentrations in seawater rapidly decreased to values below 2 μg L⁻¹. For this reason, along the entire experimental period (14 days) mussels were exposed to Ti during two short periods, in the beginning of the experiment and after seawater renewal. At 96 h, mussels exhibited low Ti concentrations (<2.5 μg g⁻¹), close or not significantly different from a control condition (1.6 μg g⁻¹ in the absence of Ti). Despite the low accumulated Ti in mussels’ tissues after both experimental periods (96 h and 14 days), biochemical markers indicated that mussels developed two main strategies: reduction of their metabolic capacity to avoid the uptake of Ti, and antioxidant and biotransformation defense mechanisms, such as the activation of SOD, CAT, GPx and GSTs enzymes that were triggered to prevent cellular damages. Nevertheless, oxidative stress occurred after 96 h or 14 days. The current study highlights that alterations of biological activity of M. galloprovincialis exposed to Ti goes beyond its accumulation in tissues.
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Toxicity beyond accumulation of Titanium after a short exposure period of Mytilus galloprovincialis to spiked seawater Полный текст
2019
Monteiro, Rui | Costa, Silvana | Coppola, Francesca | Freitas, Rosa | Vale, Carlos | Pereira, Eduarda
Titanium is the ninth most abundant element in the Earth's crust, being present in rocks, soils, and sediments (Skrabal, 1995; Taylor and McLennan, 1985). Because this element is poorly soluble in water (Knauss et al., 2001; Schmidt and Vogelsberger, 2009), dissolved Ti is usually present at very low concentrations in riverine, estuarine and coastal waters, with concentrations between 0.01 and 5.5 μg L−1 (Skrabal, 2006; Yan et al., 1991; Yokoi et al., 1991). At present, TiO2 nanoparticles (nTiO2) are widely used in various manufacture materials, such as additives in pharmaceuticals and food colorants, toothpastes, solar cells, sunscreens, cosmetics and boat paints (Kaegi et al., 2008; Robichaud et al., 2009; Wahie et al., 2007; Wang et al., 2007). With an estimated production of 88,000 metric tons worldwide in 2012 (Keller and Lazareva, 2014), and a predicted increase of nTiO2 production, the discharge of Ti into aquatic systems will inevitably increase (Batley et al., 2013; Gondikas et al., 2014). Several studies have already revealed the impacts of nTiO2 in bivalve species, such as the scallop Chlamys farreri, the mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis and Mytilus edulis, the clam Ruditapes philippinarum, and the oyster Crassostrea virginica. Alterations on the immune system, oxidative status, and metabolism have been reported in previous studies (Barmo et al., 2013; Canesi et al., 2010; Della Torre et al., 2015; Doyle et al., 2015; Huang et al., 2016; Johnson et al., 2015; Marisa et al., 2015; Shi et al., 2017; Wang et al., 2014; Xia et al., 2017). Once in the aquatic environment nTiO2 may interact with the water components and enhance the availability of Ti to organisms (Fan et al., 2016; Pavagadhi et al., 2014; Romanello and de Cortalezzi, 2013; Tong et al., 2013; Xiong et al., 2011). Whether this enhanced availability contributes to change the past assumption that toxicity of Ti was negligible (Ophus et al., 1979; Roman et al., 1988) is, to the best of authors’ knowledge, not clarified. The present study aimed to understand the interaction of Ti with the mussel M. galloprovincialis, a commonly used bioindicator of contamination, exposed to seawater spiked with Ti(IV). Variations of Ti concentrations in seawater and mussels, and biochemical markers related to oxidative stress and metabolic capacity were examined after 96 h and 14 days of Ti addition to water. | published
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Concentrations of selected heavy metals in placental tissues and risk for neonatal orofacial clefts Полный текст
2018
Pi, Xin | Qiao, Yiran | Wei, Yihui | Jin, Lei | Li, Zhiwen | Liu, Jufen | Zhang, Yali | Wang, Linlin | Liu, Yaqiong | Xie, Qing | Ren, Aiguo
Orofacial clefts (OFCs) have multifactorial etiologies. Prenatal exposure to heavy metals can induce OFCs in animal models, but evidence from studies of human subjects is scarce. We examined whether concentrations of mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and arsenic (As) in placental tissues are associated with risk for OFCs in offspring. This population-based case-control study included 103 newborns affected by OFCs with available placental tissues and 206 controls randomly selected from 509 non-malformed newborns with available placenta samples, recruited in five rural counties in northern China. Sociodemographic information was collected using a structured questionnaire in face-to-face interviews. The concentrations of Hg, Cd, Pb, and As in placental tissues were analyzed using an inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry in helium mode. The median concentrations of Hg (7.4 ng/g), Cd (57.1 ng/g), and Pb (96.1 ng/g) were all statistically significantly higher in OFC cases than in controls (Hg 5.5 ng/g, Cd 38.6 ng/g, and Pb 67.9 ng/g, respectively); no differences were observed between the two groups in median concentrations of As. Concentrations above the median for all subjects were associated with a 2.33-fold (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.33–2.09) increased OFC risk for Cd and a 3.08-fold (95% CI 1.74–5.47) increased risk for Pb. The risk for OFCs increased with concentration tertiles, with an adjusted odds ratio of 3.06 (95% CI 1.36–6.88) for the second tertile and 8.18 (95% CI 6.64–18.37) for the highest tertile of Cd, and 3.88 (95% CI 1.78–8.42) for the second tertile and 5.17 (95% CI 2.37–11.29) for the highest tertile of Pb. The association between Hg concentration and OFC risk was borderline nonsignificant after adjusting for confounding factors. Prenatal exposure to Cd and Pb, as reflected by their concentrations in placental tissues, is associated with an increased risk for neonatal OFCs.
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