Cytogenetical and biochemical investigations of common oak (Quercus robur L.) were applied in order to find suitable markers in bioindication of oak populations. In cytogenetical analyses the chromosome aberration and mitotic index were recorded. Chromosome banding, B-chromosomes, location and number of nuclear organizer regions were indicated using Giemsa C-banding method, fluorescence staining and silver impregnation. In biochemical analyses SDS-electrophoresis of soluble proteins and isoelectric focusing of isoperoxidases were used.

The haploid chromosome set of Norway spruce consists of 12 chromosomes. Most of the chromosomes are very similar in their morphology (length, arm ratio, secondary constriction). For the CGBI it is necessery to recognize all chromosomes. Therefore we used different banding methods to solve this problem. We used the root meristem and the dividing cells of the macrogametophyte as test objects. We discussed morphology of chromosomes of these two different dividing tissues. The use of image analysis equipment made it possible to get in a relatively short time a great number of data for statistical analysis. Another method was, to use an expert-system for data analysis. Finally 3-D models of interphase nuclei were reconstructed.

Giemsa C-banding method was applied on chromosomes in the female gametophyte tissue of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karesten). A karyogram of one single tree growing in the Botanical Garden of the University of Graz, Austria, was made by using an image analysis system. All chromosomes (n=12) showed pericentic C-bands. Chromosomes II, V and IX possed intercalary C-bands located at secondary constrictions. Telomeric C-bands appeared in chromosomes II and III on both arms.