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Earthworm cast production as a new behavioural biomarker for toxicity testing.
2010
Capowiez , Yvan (INRA , Avignon (France). UR 1115 Unité de recherche Plantes et Systèmes de Culture Horticoles) | Dittbrenner , Nils (INRA , Avignon (France). UR 1115 Unité de recherche Plantes et Systèmes de Culture Horticoles) | Rault-Léonardon , Magali (INRA , Avignon (France). UMR 0406 Abeilles et Environnement) | Triebskorn , Rita (Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen(Allemagne).) | Hedde , Mickaël (INRA , Versailles (France). UR 0251 Physico-chimie et Ecotoxicologie des Sols d'agrosystèmes contaminés) | Mazzia , Christophe (INRA , Avignon (France). UMR 0406 Abeilles et Environnement)
There is currently a lack of ecotoxicity tests adapted to earthworm species of higher ecological relevance and whose endpoints could be directly related to their ecological role in the soil. We propose a new and relatively simple ecotoxicity test based on the estimation of cast production (CP) by Lumbricus terrestris under laboratory conditions. CP was found to be linearly correlated to earthworm biomass and to be greatly influenced by soil water content. Azinphos-methyl had no effect on CP at all the concentrations tested. Significant decreases were observed at the normal application rate for other pesticides with (imidacloprid, carbaryl, methomyl) or without (ethyl-parathion and chlorpyrifos-ethyl) a clear concentration–effect response. For the highest concentration tested, reduction in CP varied between 35 and 67%. CP is straightforward and rapidly measured and ecologically meaningful. We thus believe it to be of great use as an endpoint in ecotoxicity testing.
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Carbon isotope composition, macronutrient concentrations, and carboxylating enzymes in relation to the growth of Pinus halepensis mill. when subject to ozone stress
2010
Inclan , Rosa (Ecotoxicology of Air Pollution, Madrid(Espagne).) | Gimeno , Benjamin S. (Ecotoxicology of Air Pollution, Madrid(Espagne).) | Peñuelas , Josep (Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelone(Espagne).) | Gerant , Dominique (INRA , Champenoux (France). UMR 1137 Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestières) | Querido , Alberto (Ecotoxicology of Air Pollution, Madrid(Espagne).)
We present here the effects of ambient ozone (O3)-induced decline in carbon availability, accelerated foliar senescence, and a decrease in aboveground biomass accumulation in the Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis Mill.). Aleppo pine seedlings were continuously exposed in open-top chambers for 39 months to three different types of O3 treatments, which are as follows: charcoal-filtered air, nonfiltered air (NFA), and nonfiltered air supplemented with 40 ppb O3 (NFA+). Stable carbon isotope discrimination (Δ) and derived time-integrated ci/ca ratios were reduced after an accumulated ozone exposure over a threshold of 40 ppb (AOT40) value from April to September of around 20,000 ppb·h. An AOT40 of above 67,000 ppb·h induced reductions in ribulose-1, 5-biphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase activity, aboveground C and needle N and K concentrations, the C/N ratio, Ca concentrations in twigs under 3 mm, and the aerial biomass, as well as increases in needle P concentrations and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) activity and the N and K concentrations in twigs under 3 mm. Macronutrients losses, the limitations placed on carbon uptake, and increases in catabolic processes may be the causes of carbon gain diminution in leaves which was reflected as a reduction in aboveground biomass at tree level. Stimulation of PEPC activity, the consequent decreased Δ, and compensation processes in nutrient distribution may increase O3 tolerance and might be interpreted as part of Aleppo pine acclimation response to O3.
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Energy production from biomass and wastes: present limitations and potential improvements
1992
Jewell, W.J. | Cummings, R.J. | Richards, B.K. (Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY (USA). Dept. of Agricultural and Biological Engineering)
Degradation of pesticides in the unsaturated zone of soil
1995
Anderson, J.P.E.
Changes in phytomass and nutrient partitioning in young conifers in extreme alkaline growth conditions
1999
Mandre, M. | Kloseiko, J. | Ots, K. | Tuulmets, L. (Estonian Agricultural University, Forest Research Institute, Department of Ecophysiology, Viljandi mnt.18b, Tallinn 11216 (Estonia))
Growth, photosynthesis and UV-B absorbing compounds of Portuguese Barbela wheat exposed to ultraviolet-B radiation
1999
Correia, C.M. | Torres-Pereira, M.S. | Torres-Pereira, J.M.G. (Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, University of Tras-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Apartado 202, 5000 Vila Real (Portugal))
Biological treatment of a synthetic gold milling effluent
1996
Granato, M. | Goncalves, M.M.M. | Villas Boas, R.C. | Sant'Anna, G.L. Jr. (Centro de Tecnologia Mineral, CETEM/CNPq, Rua 4, Quadra D, Cidade Universitaria, Ilha do Fundao, 21.949-900, Rio de Janeiro (Brazil))
Root and shoot growth, assimilate partitioning and cell proliferation in roots of Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis) grown in filtered and unfiltered chambers
1996
Bambridge, L. | Harmer, R. | Macleod, R. (AES Department, Ridley Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear NE2 7RU (United Kingdom))
Scots pine responses to CO2 enrichment - I. Ectomycorrhizal fungi and soil fauna
1996
Markkola, A.M. | Ohtonen, A. | Ahonen-Jonnarth, U. | Ohtonen, R. (Department of Biology, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 333, FIN-90571, Oulu (Finland))
Nutrient accumulation in trees and soil following irrigation with municipal effluent in Australia
1990
Stewart, H.T.L. | Hopmans, P. | Flinn, D.W. (Department of Conservation, Forests and Lands, PO Box 41, East Melbourne, Vic. 3002 (Australia))