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Decomposer communities in contaminated soil: is altered community regulation a proper tool in ecological risk assessment of toxicants?
1997
Salminen, J.E. | Sulkava, P.O. (University of Jyvaskyla, Department of Biological and Environmental Science, P.O. Box 35, FIN-40351 Jyvaskyla (Finland))
Variation in ozone sensitivity among clones of Betula pendula and Betula pubescens
1997
Paakkonen, E. | Holopainen, T. | Karenlampi, L. (Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, University of Kuopio, PO Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio (Finland))
Airborne pollutants along a roadside: assessment using snow analyses and moss bags
1997
Viskari, E.L. | Rekila, R. | Roy, S. | Lehto, O. | Ruuskanen, J. | Karenlampi, L. (Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, University of Kuopio, P.O. Box 1627, FIN-70211 Kuopio (Finland))
Differences in growth, leaf senescence and injury, and stomatal density in birch (Betula pendula Roth.) in relation to ambient levels of ozone in Finland
1997
Paakkonen, E. | Holopainen, T. | Karenlampi, L. (Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, University of Kuopio, PO Box 1627 (Finland))
Seasonal variability of total and easily leachable element contents in topsoils (0-5 cm) from eight catchments in the European Arctic (Finland, Norway and Russia)
1997
Niskavaara, H. | Reimann, C. | Chekushin, V. | Kashulina, G. (Geological Survey of Finland, PO Box 77, FIN-96101 Rovaniemi (Finland))
Sources of trace metals in streams and headwater lakes in finland
1997
TARVAINEN, TIMO | Lahermo, Pertti | MANNIO, JAAKKO
Distributions of Mn, Zn, Cu, Ni, Cr, Pb, As, and Cd in Finnish surface waters were studied by comparing two data sets: samples from 154 headwater lakes collected by the Water and Environment Administration in 1992 and samples from 1165 headwater streams collected during the environmental geochemical mapping program of the Geological Survey of Finland in 1990. It was expected that headwater lakes with catchments smaller than 1 km²; and high lake percentage (ratio of lake area to catchment size) would be more influenced by atmospheric trace metal deposition than the streams, with average catchment size of 30 km²;.The lakes with highest arsenic concentrations lie in an area with greenstones and arsenic-rich black schists. The same lakes have high copper concentrations, which evidently are derived from the Cu-rich greenstones of the catchment. The high copper concentrations of streams and lakes in the industrialized region of the southwest coast are due to several anthropogenic sources.The highest concentrations of chromium occur in brown stream and lake waters rich in humic matter, while manganese and zinc concentrations, which are controlled by acidity, tend to be elevated in low-pH waters. The high nickel concentrations in lakes in southwestern Finland probably are due to anthropogenic input, while Ni anomalies in stream and lake water in eastern Finland are correlated with high Ni contents of glacial till. The lead concentrations in lakes are mainly of airborne anthropogenic origin.The pattern of atmospheric deposition is reflected in the concentrations of Cd, As, Cu, Zn, and Ni in headwater lakes, but land-use, the natural distribution of metals in the overburden, water acidity, and the amount of humic substances influence the distribution of trace metals in both lakes and streams. Thus the trace metal distribution in headwater lakes cannot be used alone to estimate the contribution of anthropogenic atmospheric deposition to metal anomalies in Finnish surface waters.
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Sulphur isotope composition of stream water, moss and humus from eight arctic catchments in the Kola Peninsula region (NW Russia, N Finland, NE Norway)
1997
de Caritat, P. | Krouse, H. R. | Hutcheon, I.
In summer 1994, stream water, moss and humus samples were collected for sulphur isotopic analysis from eight catchments located in the western Kola Peninsula region, where several industrial centres emit high loads of SO₂ and other elements to the atmosphere. Three potential sources of sulphur and their isotopic signatures were identified: (1) marine (δ ³⁴S+20 to +21‰ CDT), (2) anthropogenic emissions (<+10‰), and (3) geogenic (variableδ ³⁴S, mostly <+10‰). Averaged per catchment, the sulphur isotopic composition varies between +6.0 and +16.3‰ for stream water sulphate, +6.0 and +8.4‰ for moss sulphur, and +5.2 and +12.2‰ for humus sulphur. Theδ ³⁴S composition of stream water from the more remote catchments is quite variable, reflecting several natural (geogenic) sources, but it becomes restricted to the range +8 to +10‰ near the pollution sources. A plot ofδ ³⁴S vs. 1:SO₄ in stream water suggests that sulphate originating from the smelters has aδ ³⁴S value ≈+9.5‰, and is a dominant source. Sulphur isotope values for moss and humus are consistent with the deduced composition for the emitted sulphur, though for humus a component of geogenic sulphur incorporated via vegetation uptake may play a role. Further isotopic characterisation of atmospheric emissions, together with environmental samples, is needed to better understand sulphur sources and sinks in the area.
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Needle S fractions and S to N ratios as indices of SO(2) deposition
1997
Manninen, S. (Oulu Univ. (Finland). Dept. of Biology and Botany) | Huttunen, S. | Peraemaeki, P.
Accumulation of sulphur in and on Scots pine needles in the subarctic
1997
Manninen, S. (Oulu Univ. (Finland). Dept. of Biology and Botany) | Huttunen, S. | Kontio, M.
Sulphur and heavy metal concentrations in Scots pine bark in northern Finland and the Kola Peninsula
1997
Poikolainen, J. (Finnish Forest Research Inst., Muhos (Finland). Muhos Research Station)