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Forest health conditions in North America
2008
Tkacz, Borys | Moody, Ben | Villa Castillo, Jamie | Fenn, Mark E.
Some of the greatest forest health impacts in North America are caused by invasive forest insects and pathogens (e.g., emerald ash borer and sudden oak death in the US), by severe outbreaks of native pests (e.g., mountain pine beetle in Canada), and fires exacerbated by changing climate. Ozone and N and S pollutants continue to impact the health of forests in several regions of North America. Long-term monitoring of forest health indicators has facilitated the assessment of forest health and sustainability in North America. By linking a nationwide network of forest health plots with the more extensive forest inventory, forest health experts in the US have evaluated current trends for major forest health indicators and developed assessments of future risks. Canada and Mexico currently lack nationwide networks of forest health plots. Development and expansion of these networks is critical to effective assessment of future forest health impacts.
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Densities of endophytic fungi and performance of leafminers (Lepidoptera: Eriocraniidae) on birch along a pollution gradient
1999
Lappalainen, J.H. | Koricheva, J. | Helander, M.L. | Haukioja, E. (Section of Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Turku, FIN-20014 Turku (Finland))
Polish mountain forests: past, present and future
1997
Grodzinska, K. | Szarek-Lukaszewska, G. (W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lubicz 46, 31-512 Krakow (Poland))
Nitrogen deposition in Swiss forests and its possible relevance for leaf nutrient status, parasite attacks and soil acidification
1998
Fluckiger, W. | Braun, S. (Institute for Applied Plant Biology, CH-4124 Schonenbuch (Switzerland))
Evaluation of ozone injury on foliage of black berry (Prunus serotina) and tall milkweed (Asclepias exaltata) in Great Smoky Mountains National Park
1997
Chappelka, A. | Renfro, J. | Somers, G. | Nash, B. (School of Forestry, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849 (USA))
Density patterns of gall mites (Acarina: Eriophyidae) in a polluted area
1996
Koricheva, J. | Lappalainen, J. | Vuorisalo, T. | Haukioja, E. (Laboratory of Ecological Zoology, Department of Biology, University of Turku, 20014, Turku, Finland)
The effects of ozone-exposed sugar maple seedlings on the biological performance and the feeding preference of the forest tent caterpillar (Malacosoma disstria Hbn.)
1997
Fortin, M. | Mauffette, Y. | Albert, P.J. (Groupe de Recherche en Ecologie Forestiere (GREF), Universite du Quebec a Montreal, C.P. 8888 Succ. A, Montreal, QC H3C 3P8 (Canada))
Indoxacarb effects on non-target predator, Podisus distinctus (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)
2022
Batista, Carlos Henrique | Plata-Rueda, Angelica | Zanuncio, José Cola | Serrão, José Eduardo | Martínez, Luis Carlos
Forestry pest management includes biological and chemical methods of pest control. Using insecticides and natural enemies can be compatible in forest pest management programs. The compatibility of the predatory stink bug Podisus distinctus with the insecticide indoxacarb, used in forestry, needs to be evaluated in Brazil. This study investigated the mortality, survival, respiration, preference, prey consumption, and locomotor activity of P. distinctus adults exposed to indoxacarb. In concentration-mortality bioassays, the lethality of indoxacarb (LC₅₀ = 2.62 g L⁻¹ and LC₉₀ = 6.11 g L⁻¹) was confirmed in P. distinctus adults. The survival rate was 100% in predator insects not exposed to indoxacarb, declining to 40.7% in predator insects exposed to 2.62 g L⁻¹ and 0.1% in predators treated with 6.11 g L⁻¹. Indoxacarb reduced the respiration of P. distinctus from 18.45 to 14.41 µL CO₂ h⁻¹ at 2.62 g L⁻¹ for up to 3 h after insecticide exposure, inhibiting food consumption and displaying hyperexcitation. The harmful effects of indoxacarb to the natural enemy suggest that it should be better assessed for use with P. distinctus for pest management in forestry.
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) pesticide policy and integrated pest management in certified tropical plantations
2017
Lemes, Pedro Guilherme | Zanuncio, José Cola | Serrão, José Eduardo | Lawson, Simon A.
The Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) was the first non-governmental organization composed of multi-stakeholders to ensure the social, environmental, and economic sustainability of forest resources. FSC prohibits certain chemicals and active ingredients in certified forest plantations. A company seeking certification must discontinue use of products so listed and many face problems to comply with these constraints. The aim of this study was to assess the impacts of certification on pest management from the perspective of Brazilian private forestry sector. Ninety-three percent of Brazilian FSC-certified forest companies rated leaf-cutting ants as “very important” pests. Chemical control was the most important management technique used and considered very important by 82 % of respondents. The main chemical used to control leaf-cutting ants, sulfluramid, is in the derogation process and was classified as very important by 96.5 % of the certified companies. Certified companies were generally satisfied in relation to FSC certification and the integrated management of forest pests, but 27.6 % agreed that the prohibitions of pesticides for leaf-cutting ant and termite control could be considered as a non-tariff barrier on high-productivity Brazilian forest plantations. FSC forest certification has encouraged the implementation of more sustainable techniques and decisions in pest management in forest plantations in Brazil. The prohibition on pesticides like sulfluramid and the use of alternatives without the same efficiency will result in pest mismanagement, production losses, and higher costs. This work has shown that the application of global rules for sustainable forest management needs to adapt to each local reality.
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