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Tracking the Transport of Silver Nanoparticles in Soil : a Saturated Column Experiment
2018
Mahdi, Karrar N.M. | Peters, Ruud | Ploeg, van der, Martine | Ritsema, Coen | Geissen, Violette
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) can enter the environment when released from products containing them. As AgNPs enter soil, they are often retained in the soil profile and/or leached to the groundwater. This research assessed the transport of AgNPs in their “particle form” through the soil profile using a series of columns. Three soil types were put into soil columns: LSH (loam with high organic matter (OM)), LSL (loam with low OM), and Sand (no OM). The results showed that AgNP transport and retention in soil as well as particle size changes are affected by soil organic matter (OM) and the cation exchange capacity (CEC) of soil. OM affected the transport and retention of AgNPs. This was evident in the LSH columns where the OM concentration was the highest and the AgNP content the lowest in the soil layers and in the effluent water. The highest transported AgNP content was detected in the Sand columns where OM was the lowest. CEC had an impact on the particle size of the AgNPs that were retained in the soil layers. This was clear in columns packed with high CEC-containing soils (LSL and LSH) where AgNP particle size decreased more substantially than in the columns packed with sand. However, the decrease in AgNP sizes in the effluent water was less than the decrease in particle size of AgNPs transported through but retained in the soil. This means that the AgNPs that reached the effluent were transported directly from the first layer through the soil macropores. This work highlights the ability to track AgNPs at low concentrations (50 μg kg<sup>−1</sup>) and monitor the changes in particle size potential as the particles leach through soil all of which increases our knowledge about AgNP transport mechanisms in porous media.
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Nitrogen cycling in two Norway spruce (Picea abies) ecosystems and effects of a (NH4)2SO4 addition
1992
Feger, K.H. (Albert-Ludwig-University, Freiburg (Germany). Inst. of Soil Science and Forest Nutrition)
SO2 and NH3 deposition as possible causes for the extinction of Arnica montana L.
1992
Fennema, F. (Rijksinstituut voor Natuurbeheer, Arnhem (Netherlands))
Soil acidification and element fluxes of a Fagus sylvatica forest as influenced by simulated nitrogen deposition
1992
Bergkvist, B. (Lund Univ. (Sweden). Dept. of Plant Ecology) | Folkeson, L.
Irrigation frequency effects on leaching of cations from gypsum amended coastal plain surface soils
1990
Alva, A.K. (Florida Univ., Lake Alfred, FL (USA). Inst. of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Citrus Research and Education Center) | Gascho, G.J. | Cromer, W.A.
Environmental pollution and impacts on soils and forests nutrition in North America
1990
Johnson, D.W. (Biological Sciences Center, Reno, NV (USA). Desert Research Inst.) | Ball, J.T.
Throughfall of plant nutrients in relation to crown thinning in a Swedish coniferous forest
1988
Alenaas, I. (Swedish Environmental Research Inst., Gothenburg (Sweden)) | Skaarby, L.
Phosphate-enhanced movement of arsenic out of lead arsenate-contaminated topsoil and through uncontaminated subsoil
1997
Peryea, F.J. (Washington State Univ., Wenatchee, WA (USA). Tree Fruit Research and Extension Center) | Kammereck, R.
Ion leaching before and after clear-cutting in a Norway spruce stand: effects of long-term application of ammonium nitrate and superphosphate
1997
Berden, M. (Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala (Sweden). Dept. of Soil Sciences) | Nilsson, S.I. | Nyman, P.
Phosphate fertilizers influence leaching of lead and arsenic in a soil contaminated with lead arsenate
1991
Davenport, J.R. (Washington State Univ., Wenatchee, WA (USA). Tree Fruit Research and Extension Center) | Peryea, F.J.
