Information on the biological responses of polyploid animals towards environmental contaminants is scarce. This study aimed to compare reproductive axis-related gene expressions in the brain, plasma biochemical responses, and the liver and gill histopathological alterations in diploid and triploid full-sibling juvenile African catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Fish were exposed for 96 h to one of the two waterborne phenanthrene (Phe) concentrations [mean measured (SD): 6.2 (2.4) and 76 (4.2) μg/L]. In triploids, exposure to 76 μg/L Phe increased mRNA level of fushi tarazu-factor 1 (ftz-f1). Expression of tryptophan hydroxylase2 (tph2) was also elevated in both ploidies following the exposure to 76 μg/L Phe compared to the solvent control. In triploids, 76 μg/L Phe increased plasma alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels compared to the other Phe-exposed group. It also elevated lactate and glucose contents relative to the other groups. In diploids, however, biochemical biomarkers did not change. Phenanthrene exposures elevated glycogen contents and the prevalence of histopathological lesions in the liver and gills of both ploidies. This study showed substantial differences between diploids and triploids on biochemical and molecular biomarker responses, but similar histopathological alterations following acute Phe exposures.

Skin is a major by-product of the fisheries and aquaculture industries and is a valuable source of gelatin. This study examined the effect of triploidization on gelatin yield and proximate composition of the skin of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus). We further investigated the effects of two commonly used pesticides, chlorpyrifos (CPF) and butachlor (BUC), on the skin gelatin yield and amino acid composition in juvenile full-sibling diploid and triploid African catfish. In two separate experiments, diploid and triploid C. gariepinus were exposed for 21 days to graded CPF [mean measured: 10, 16, or 31 μg/L] or BUC concentrations [Mean measured: 22, 44, or 60 μg/L]. No differences in skin gelatin yield, amino acid or proximate compositions were observed between diploid and triploid control groups. None of the pesticide treatments affected the measured parameters in diploid fish. In triploids, however, gelatin yield was affected by CPF treatments while amino acid composition remained unchanged. Butachlor treatments did not alter any of the measured variables in triploid fish. To our knowledge, this study is the first to investigate changes in the skin gelatin yield and amino acid composition in any animal as a response to polyploidization and/or contaminant exposure.

Two varieties of Bechmeria nivea (L.) Gaud. (Ramie), namely, triploid Tri-2 and diploid Xiangzhu-3, were potted with soils from Guangdong for 15 weeks and treated with 10 mmol kg⁻¹ EDTA or EGTA before harvest at 17th week. Lead, Zn, and Cd in plant and soil materials were analyzed, and their potential ecological risk in soils was simultaneously evaluated. These three metals in soils was found to be above 14.4, 3.0, and 29.9 times higher than the national (China) background value, 10.9, 6.19, and 96.7 times higher than the local (Guangdong) background value, and 1.25, 1.20, and 9.67 times higher than the maximum permissible concentration for soils, respectively. An ecological risk analysis of metals using Häkanson's method indicated an extremely high contamination and a significantly high potential ecological risk by these three metals in soils. The both ramie varieties contained respective concentration exceeding the concentration of <10, <80, and <0.27 mg kg⁻¹, respectively, for Pb, Zn, and Cd in normal plants, suggesting they were multimetal tolerant. Tri-2 generally contained higher Pb, Zn, and Cd than Xiangzhu-3. Treatment with EDTA or EGTA applied at 10 mmol kg⁻¹ generally promoted Pb or Cd concentration in both plants while the uptake of Zn was depressed. The ramie variety of Tri-2 and Xiangzhu-3 could extract 0.161 and 0.147 t ha⁻¹ of Cd, respectively, equaling to the 0.17 t Cd per hectare by Cd-hyperaccumulating species Viola baoshanensis. Therefore, two ramie varieties in this study had a higher extracting potential for removal of Cd from contaminated soils.

In this paper, we are focusing on study of the impact of sterilization on culture establishment of indigenous Musa variety to restore plant diversity and its importance in human life. Biodiversity supports biological system profitability where every species has a significant task to carry out. Biodiversity of plants guarantees an asset for new nourishment harvests and prescriptions. The biodiversity conservation can start from in situ and ex situ techniques. In situ strategies secure the plants in their common natural surroundings, where as ex situ techniques include safeguarding and upkeep of plant species through plant tissue culture technique. Re-establishing Indigenous plant territory is fundamental for conservation of biodiversity. Indigenous plants are those that present normally in a place where they developed. They are the biological premise whereupon the life of animals and human depends. Traditional medicines from plants are significant part of Indian culture. Banana cultivars nowadays are triploid (AAA, AAB, ABB) cross breeds of two species, Musa acuminate Colla (AA) and Musa balbisiana Colla (BB), which separately contribute the A and B genomes. The M. balbisiana which is normally present in North-Eastern belt of India has high nutrients and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Nanjangud rasabale has been found in parts of Mysuru district, known for its stand-out smell, flavor, taste, and time span of sensible convenience anyway incredibly viewed as a jeopardized grouping; red bananas are phenomenal anyway concerning supplement C and potassium, they are better than yellow ones; Meitei Hei is acclaimed for its enjoyableness and incredible alluring quality. It is a cold permissive grouping thriving incredible even at 12–15 °C. The accomplishment of plant tissue culture convention relies upon explant sterilization procedure. Determination of sterilant and time span of introduction are additionally basic on the grounds that the living material should not lose their natural action and just contaminants should be wiped out during cleansing. Surface sanitization of explant is a procedure which includes the drenching of explants into suitable convergence of compound sterilants for a predetermined time bringing about the foundation of a contamination-free culture.