Уточнить поиск
Результаты 2451-2460 из 62,508
The dark side of artificial greening: Plastic turfs as widespread pollutants of aquatic environments Полный текст
2023
de Haan, William P. | Quintana Sepúlveda, Rocío | Vilas, César | Cózar Cabañas, Andrés | Canals, Miquel | Uviedo, Oriol | Sanchez-Vidal, Anna | Biología
Artificial turf (AT) is a surfacing material that simulates natural grass by using synthetic, mainly plastic, fibers in different shapes, sizes and properties. AT has spread beyond sports facilities and today shapes many urban landscapes, from private lawns to rooftops and public venues. Despite concerns regarding the impacts of AT, little is known about the release of AT fibers into natural environment. Here, for the first time, we specifically investigate the presence of AT fibers in river and ocean waters as major conduits and final destination of plastic debris transported by water runoff. Our sampling survey showed that, AT fibers – composed mainly of polyethylene and polypropylene – can constitute over 15% of the mesoplastics and macroplastics content, suggesting that AT fibers may contribute significantly to plastic pollution. Up to 20,000 fibers a day flowed down through the river, and up to 213,200 fibers per km2 were found floating on the sea surface of nearshore areas. AT, apart from impacting on urban biodiversity, urban runoff, heat island formation, and hazardous chemical leaching, is a major source of plastic pollution to natural aquatic environments.
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Trace elements in migratory species arriving to Antarctica according to their migration range Полный текст
2023
Padilha, J A | Carvalho, G O | Espejo, W | Pessôa, A R L | Cunha, L S T | Costa, E S | Torres, J P M | Lepoint, Gilles | Das, Krishna | Dorneles, Paulo Renato
peer reviewed | The levels of eighteen trace elements (TEs) were evaluated in association with stable isotopes (δ15N, δ34S, and δ13C) in feathers and eggs of five migratory species breeding on the Antarctic Peninsula to test the factors that influence their exposure to contaminants. The feathers of seabirds migrating to the Northern Hemisphere (South polar skua) have concentrations (mean ± SD, μg. g-1) of Li (1.71 ± 2.08) and Mg (1169.5 ± 366.8) one order of magnitude higher than southern migrants, such as Snowy sheathbill Li (0.01 ± 0.005) and Mg (499.6 ± 111.9). Feathers had significantly higher concentrations for 11 of a total of 18 metals measured compared to eggs. South polar skua have higher concentrations of all TEs in eggs compared to antarctic tern. Therefore, the present study showed that migration and trophic ecology (δ15N, δ13C, and δ34S) influence Fe, Mn, Cu, and Se concentrations in feathers of Antarctic seabirds. The concentrations of Cu, Mn, Rb, Zn, Pb, Cd, Cr are higher than previously reported, which may be due to increased local and global human activities.
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Do soil and water conservation practices influence crop productivity and household welfare? Evidence from rural Nigeria Полный текст
2023
Ogunniyi, Adebayo Isaiah; Omotayo, Abiodun Olusola; Olagunju, Kehinde Oluseyi; Motunrayo, Olyeyemi; Awotide, Bola Amoke; Mavrotas, George; Oladapo, Adeyemi
Do soil and water conservation practices influence crop productivity and household welfare? Evidence from rural Nigeria Полный текст
2023
Ogunniyi, Adebayo Isaiah; Omotayo, Abiodun Olusola; Olagunju, Kehinde Oluseyi; Motunrayo, Olyeyemi; Awotide, Bola Amoke; Mavrotas, George; Oladapo, Adeyemi
PR | IFPRI3; ISI; CRP3.2; 4 Transforming Agricultural and Rural Economies | Development Strategies and Governance (DSG); Transformation Strategies | CGIAR Research Program on Maize (MAIZE)
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Do soil and water conservation practices influence crop productivity and household welfare? Evidence from rural Nigeria Полный текст
2023
Ogunniyi, A.I. | Omotayo, A.O. | Olagunju, K.O. | Motunrayo, O. | Awotide, B.A. | Mavrotas, G. | Aremu, A.O.
One of the most serious challenges threatening agricultural sustainability in Nigeria is land degradation. Although this issue has received little attention, soil and water conservation practices have been identified as a possible pathway out of the potential problems posed by land degradation. Therefore, the central research question that this paper tries to address is the following: Do adoption of soil and water conservation (SWC) practices affect crop productivity and household welfare? This paper uses data collected by the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) from maize farmers in rural Nigeria. We usedemploy the propensity score matching (PSM), inverse probability weighting adjusted regression model (IPWRA) approach, and the linear regression with endogenous treatment effect (LRETE) model to incorporate the typologies of SWC practices, and tested how the model affects crop productivity and household welfare. Additionally, multinomial logit was used to estimate the factors influencing the decision to adopt single and multiple SWC practices. The estimates show that education, age of the household head, access to credit, experience of drought, soil fertility, and occupational stress contribute to the decision to adopt SWC practices. The casual effect estimates reveal that both single and multiple adoptions of SWC practices had a positive and significant relationship with the crop productivity and welfare of the adopters. The results show that the adoption of combined SWC practices has a higher impact on crop productivity and welfare than single SWC practices. For instance, the adoption of a combination of three SWC practices was found to increase crop productivity and household welfare by 27.55% and 38.23%, respectively versus 13.91% and 15.11% in the case of single SWC practices. The study suggests that profile-raising agenda and efforts that focus on promoting the adoption of combination of SWC practices should be designed and implemented to enhance crop productivity and hence the welfare of the maize farming households in rural Nigeria.
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Coastal gradients of small microplastics and associated pollutants influenced by estuarine sources Полный текст
2022
González-Ortegón, Enrique | Sendra, Marta | Sparaventi, Erica | Sanchez Leal, Ricardo F. | Ríos Hierro, Isaac de los | Baldó, Francisco | González Fernández, Daniel | Yeste Siguenza, María del Pilar | Biología | Ciencia de los Materiales e Ingeniería Metalúrgica y Química Inorgánica
Small microplastics (SMPs) in the gulf of Cadiz was sampled at 5 m depth by pumping it through the ship's pipe system and filtered through a 45 mu m mesh size net. Our study reveals that higher densities have been found (130 mg.m(-3)) compared to other regions worldwide and these densities decreased from the coastline to the outer stations, showing a general coastal gradient influenced by estuarine outflows. SMPs with a size range between 45 and 193 mu m were predominant and most of them composed by polyethylene and polypropylene. The metals associated with the MPs were mainly Na (21.1%), K (11.3%), Fe (8.5%), Ca (2.1%), Cr (1.8%), Zr (13.3%) and Hf (0.7%). The high proportion of Zr compared to Fe, which is different from what can be found in the environment, | Financial support to EGO and the instrument was given by CSIC through Intramural Research program 2018 under grant number 201830I081. MS is grateful to the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities for the Juan de la Cierva (TJFI-2017-32493) contract. DGF was funded by European Union's H2020-MSCA-IF-2018 846843-LitRivus.
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Assessment of elemental composition in commercial fish of the Bay of Cádiz, Southern Iberian Peninsula Полный текст
2022
Calero Cano, Sandra | Donázar Aramendía, Íñigo | Morales, Emilio | Arechavala Lopez, Pablo | Cervera Currado, Juan Lucas | Guerra-Garcia, Jose Manuel | Giráldez, Inmaculada | Biología
The assessment of trace metal content in our fish diet is important due to the adverse effect on human health. Despite the increasing interest about the fish quality, little information is available for Southern Spain, a region characterized by high seafood intake. Nine species from the Bay of Cádiz with high commercial value were selected. Similar values were measured in the nine studied species for most of the elements, except for the macroelements Ca and S, and the microelements Fe, Mn and As, which showed significant differences among species. Metal Pollution Index (MPI) did not differ among species, and it was similar to those obtained for other Atlantic and Mediterranean locations. The values measured for the nine species were below the health limits provided by World, European and Spanish legislations, indicating that, in general terms, consumption of these species is safe in the study area. | 9 páginas
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Microplastics concentrations in soil along a racetrack | Microplastics concentrations in soil along a racetrack Полный текст
2022
Mengistu, Demmelash | Nilsen, Vegard | Coutris, Claire | Amdal, Helena Marie | Heistad, Arve
Microplastics concentrations in soil along a racetrack | Microplastics concentrations in soil along a racetrack Полный текст
2022
Mengistu, Demmelash | Nilsen, Vegard | Coutris, Claire | Amdal, Helena Marie | Heistad, Arve
Motorsport is known for its high tire wear due to speed, cornering, and high acceleration/deceleration activities. However, studies on the generation of microplastics from racetracks are rare. This study aimed at quantifying microplastics concentrations in topsoil (0–5 cm) along a racetrack. The results showed that rubber materials (RM) and tire reinforcement microplastics (TRMP) were deposited in the soil along the racetrack. Concentrations of the two microplastics were affected by the distance from the edge of the racetrack (highest concentrations within 20 cm from the track) and track alignment (highest concentrations at the start/finish area). In addition, a weak correlation was observed between the concentrations of the two microplastics, suggesting the effect of track alignment on the type of microplastics abraded. The results also showed that coarser microplastics (1000–5000 μm) dominate the size distribution of microplastics along a racetrack. The findings of this study may provide racetrack managers with basic information for designing microplastic-controlling solutions. While additional studies are required to map environmental effects and policy measures, our initial results suggest that motorsport is of concern in terms of microplastics release to the environment. | Microplastics concentrations in soil along a racetrack | publishedVersion
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Microplastics concentrations in soil along a racetrack Полный текст
2022
Motorsport is known for its high tire wear due to speed, cornering, and high acceleration/deceleration activities. However, studies on the generation of microplastics from racetracks are rare. This study aimed at quantifying microplastics concentrations in topsoil (0–5 cm) along a racetrack. The results showed that rubber materials (RM) and tire reinforcement microplastics (TRMP) were deposited in the soil along the racetrack. Concentrations of the two microplastics were affected by the distance from the edge of the racetrack (highest concentrations within 20 cm from the track) and track alignment (highest concentrations at the start/finish area). In addition, a weak correlation was observed between the concentrations of the two microplastics, suggesting the effect of track alignment on the type of microplastics abraded. The results also showed that coarser microplastics (1000–5000 μm) dominate the size distribution of microplastics along a racetrack. The findings of this study may provide racetrack managers with basic information for designing microplastic-controlling solutions. While additional studies are required to map environmental effects and policy measures, our initial results suggest that motorsport is of concern in terms of microplastics release to the environment. | Microplastics concentrations in soil along a racetrack
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Paraffin and other petroleum waxes in the southern North Sea Полный текст
2021
Lorenz, Claudia | Schafberg, Michaela | Roscher, Lisa | Meyer, Melanie S. | Primpke, Sebastian | Kraus, Uta R. | Gerdts, Gunnar
Noise pollution on coral reefs? — A yet underestimated threat to coral reef communities Полный текст
2021
Ferrier-Pagès, Christine | Leal, Miguel C | Calado, Ricardo | Schmid, Dominik W | Bertucci, Frédéric | Lecchini, David | Allemand, Denis
peer reviewed | Noise pollution is an anthropogenic stressor that is increasingly recognized for its negative impact on the physiology, behavior and fitness of marine organisms. Driven by the recent expansion of maritime shipping, artisanal fishing and tourism (e.g., motorboats used for recreational purpose), underwater noise increased greatly on coral reefs. In this review, we first provide an overview on how reef organisms sense and use sound. Thereafter we review the current knowledge on how underwater noise affects different reef organisms. Although the majority of available examples are limited to few fish species, we emphasize how the impact of noise differs based on an organisms’ acoustic sensitivity, mobility and developmental stage, as well as between noise type, source and duration. Finally, we highlight measures available to governments, the shipping industry and individual users and provide directions for polices and research aimed to manage this global issue of noise emission on coral reefs.
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Evaluation of a eukaryote phylogenetic microarray for environmental monitoring of marine sediments Полный текст
2020
Lekang, Katrine | Lanzén, Anders | Jonassen, Inge | Thompson, Eric | Troedsson, Christofer
Increased exploitation of resources in sensitive marine ecosystems emphasizes the importance of knowledge regarding ecological impacts. However, current bio-monitoring practices are limited in terms of target-organisms and temporal resolution. Hence, developing new technologies is vital for enhanced ecosystem understanding. In this study, we have applied a prototype version of a phylogenetic microarray to assess the eukaryote community structures of marine sediments from an area with ongoing oil and gas drilling activity. The results were compared with data from both sequencing (metabarcoding) and morphology-based monitoring to evaluate whether microarrays were capable of detecting ecosystem disturbances. A significant correlation between microarray data and chemical pollution indicators, as well as sequencing-based results, was demonstrated, and several potential indicator organisms for pollution-associated parameters were identified, among them a large fraction of microorganisms not covered by traditional morphology-based monitoring. This suggests that microarrays have a potential in future environmental monitoring. | acceptedVersion
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]A field comparison of marine mammal detections via visual, acoustic, and infrared (IR) imaging methods offshore Atlantic Canada Полный текст
2020
Smith, Heather R. | Zitterbart, Daniel P. | Norris, Thomas F. | Flau, Michael | Ferguson, Elizabeth L. | Jones, Colin G. | Boebel, Olaf | Moulton, Valerie D.
Impulsive sounds generated during seismic surveys have elicited behavioral responses in marine mammals and could cause hearing impairment or injury. Mitigating exposure to seismic sound often relies on real-time marine mammal detection. Detection performance is influenced by detection method, environmental conditions, and observer experience. We conducted a field comparison of real-time detections made by marine mammal observers (MMOs), a rotating infrared (IR) camera, and via passive acoustic monitoring (PAM). Data were collected from a 38 m research vessel offshore Atlantic Canada. Our results indicate that overall detection rates increase when complementary methods are used. MMOs and PAM are likely the most effective combination during high seas and precipitation. PAM and IR can be used in darkness. In good visibility, MMOs with IR or PAM should increase detections. Our results illustrate the importance of addressing false positive IR detections, matching system capabilities to sea conditions/species of interest, and employing experienced observers.
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]