Along with climate change, unstable weather patterns are becoming more frequent. However, the temporal trend associated with the effect of temperature variation on schizophrenia (SCZ) is not clear. Daily time-series data on SCZ and meteorological factors for 15-year between January 1, 2005 and December 31, 2019 were collected. And we used the Poisson regression model combined with the time-varying distribution lag nonlinear model (DLNM) to explore the temporal trend of the association between three temperature variation indicators (diurnal temperature range, DTR; temperature variability, TV; temperature change between neighboring days, TCN) and SCZ hospitalizations, respectively. Meanwhile, we also explore the temporal trend of the interaction between temperature and temperature variation. Stratified analyses were performed in different gender, age, and season. Across the whole population, we found a decreasing trend in the risk of SCZ hospitalizations associated with high DTR (from 1.721 to 1.029), TCN (from 1.642 to 1.066), and TV (TV0–1, from 1.034 to 0.994; TV0–2, from 1.041 to 0.994, TV0–3, from 1.044 to 0.992, TV0–4, from 1.049 to 0.992, TV0–5, from 1.055 to 0.993, TV0–6, from 1.059 to 0.991, TV0–7, from 1.059 to 0.990), but an increasing trend in low DTR (from 0.589 to 0.752). Subgroup analysis results further revealed different susceptible groups. Besides, the interactive effect suggests that temperature variation may cause greater harm under low-temperature conditions. There was a synergy between TCN and temperature on the addition and multiplication scales, which were 1.068 (1.007, 1.133) and 0.067 (0.009, 0.122), respectively. Our findings highlight public health interventions to mitigate temperature variation effects needed to focus not only on high temperature variations but also moderately low temperature variations. Future hospitalizations for SCZ associated with temperature variation may be more severely affected by temperature variability from low temperature environments. The temporal trend is associated with the effect of temperature variation on schizophrenia (SCZ).

Bioactive compounds refer to secondary metabolites extracted from plants, fungi, microbes, or animals. Besides having pharmacological or toxicological effects on organisms leading to utilization in food and pharmaceutical industries, the discovery of novel properties of such compounds has led to the diversification of their applications, ranging from cosmetics and functionalized biomaterials to bioremediation and alternate fuels. Conventional time-consuming and solvent-intensive methods of extraction are increasingly being replaced by green solvents such as ionic liquids, supercritical fluids, and deep eutectic solvents, as well as non-conventional methods of extraction assisted by microwaves, pulse electric fields, enzymes, ultrasound, or pressure. These methods, along with advances in characterization and optimization strategies, have boosted the commercial viability of extraction especially from agrowastes and organic residues, promoting a sustainable circular economy. Further development of microfluidics, optimization models, nanoencapsulation, and metabolic engineering are expected to overcome certain limitations that restrict the growth of this field, in the context of improving screening, extraction, and economy of processes, as well as retaining biodiversity and enhancing the stability and functionality of such compounds. This review is a compilation of the various extraction and characterization methods employed for bioactive compounds and covers major applications in food, pharmacy, chemicals, energy, and bioremediation. Major limitations and scope of improvement are also discussed.

Global travel and tourism have enjoyed a significant boost due to the progress in air transport. However, the debate on air transport and the influx of foreign investments and global energy demand on economic development remains questionable. Therefore, this study is an attempt to contribute to the body of knowledge in the energy-tourism-led growth hypothesis literature. For this purpose, a novel approach to the effects of international tourism on economic growth is introduced for the Next-5 largest economies, namely (China, India, Indonesia, Turkey and the USA) between 1990 and 2018. Empirical results reveal a positive connection between foreign direct investment and income levels, electricity production and income levels, as well as between urbanization and economic growth. Moreover, the validation of the environmental Kuznets curve and the halo effect of foreign direct investment on the environmental degradation process provides a shred of more substantial evidence and fitting environmental instruments for policymakers. The empirical results encourage sustainable economic growth in these countries, mainly through the attraction of clean and high-technology foreign investment, the increase of the share of renewable energy sources in the energy mix and the regulation in the tourism industry. The novel contribution of this study to the empirical literature is the unification in the same research of the TLGH and the EKC for the Next-5 largest economies, establishing recommendations for tourism, energy efficiency and environmental correction process.

Humanity could face the COVID-19 epidemic to crystallize a sustainable future for the water, hygiene, and food sectors. The epidemic has affected the sustainability of water, food, and health institutions in Egypt. Water consumption levels have increased in the agricultural sector to ensure food security. Regular handwashing is one of the most important measures to prevent the epidemic, and this has an impact on water consumption. The purpose of the research is to reshape sustainable development trajectory due to COVID-19 pandemic in Egypt through three interdependent phases: the first is devoted to forecast how the pandemic could be spreading in Egypt, the second is assigned to foresee implications and consequences of the pandemic on water, food, and human activities, and the third is dedicated to exploring how Egypt could utilize non-conventional water resources as a precious resource to fight the pandemic and explore sustainable recovery strategies. The results could be summarized as the diffusion of COVID-19 pandemic may be considered a group of evolutionary processes. The vision of growth to a limit may be applied; the number of cases of COVID-19 grows rapidly, but the growth will be reduced due to negative feedback signals from the environment. The paper concludes that the COVID-19 epidemic could be addressed by enhancing the water sector to better cope with future shocks. Water, food, health, and work opportunities could be provided and managed sustainably. The need to provide water to wash the hands of all citizens has been emphasized to fight the coronavirus. Non-conventional water resources could be an engine to ambitious plans to drive economic growth through megaprojects. Egypt would enable transforming this crisis into an opportunity to accelerate the pace of action towards achieving Sustainable Development Goals.

The paper examines the impact of macroeconomic variables on CO2 emissions, very few research studies are available to estimate the asymmetric impact and causality. Because of the significance of asymmetries, this paper examines the asymmetric impact of economic growth, crude oil use, and FDI inflows on CO2 emissions in the India wherein COP (Crude oil price) is comprised as the extra variable. The implicate aggressive growth of selected variables over the period 1990–2020 is also assessed. This study uses the methodology ARDL and NARDL model to determine the macroeconomics variable's effects on CO2 emission over the period 1990-2020. Additionally, also applied the EKC (Environmental Kuznets Curve) hypothesis with an application of ARDL and NARDL model. With help of the ARDL and NARDL model, the study shows the results that a rise in economic growth would reduce CO2 (carbon dioxide) emissions while a decrease in economic growth would raise CO2 emissions which indicates an inverted U-shaped Curved relationship between economic growth and CO2 emissions. The positive and negative shockwaves in COP (crude oil prices) have a satisfactory and substantial impact on CO2 emissions as well. Besides, the crude oil consumption with positive shockwave confirmations has a positive and substantial impact on CO2 emission. In addition, the results of FDI inflows support the pollution heaven hypothesis. In light of these outcomes, this paper also recommended policy implications and future research, the policy implications are where the descending flow of FDI allows limited space to India in FDI selection; however, the existence of emission merging and implementation of carbon pricing may facilitate India in achieving its environmental targets.

The resource, environment, and ecological value of drinking reservoirs have received widespread concerns due to the pollution of persistent organic pollutants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Therefore, we comprehensively studied the occurrence, source, distribution, and risk assessment of representative PAHs in Fengshuba Reservoir (FSBR) (large drinking reservoir, China). The total concentrations of 16 USEPA PAHs in the water phase, porewater phase, sediment phase, and soil phase were in ranges of 109.72–393.19 ng/L, 5.75–35.15 μg/L, 364.4–743.71 μg/kg, and 367.81–639.89 μg/kg, respectively. The naphthalene (Nap) was the dominant PAHs in the water phase, while it was Nap and phenanthrene (Phe) in porewater, sediment, and soil phase. The main sources of PAHs in FSBR were biomass combustion. Redundancy analysis indicated that the NTU, NO₂⁻, NH₄⁺, Chl-α, and IC were the dominant factors influencing the PAH distribution in water phase, and the PAHs in sediment phase was affected by T and NO₃⁻. Pseudo-partitioning coefficients indicated that the PAHs in the porewater phase were more likely to migrate to the sediment phase. Risk assessment indicated that the PAHs both in the water and sediment phases were generally in a low-risk state, while the PAHs in the soil phase were in a moderate-risk state, and the Nap was in a high-risk state, and exposure to the PAHs in FSBR through drinking and skin exposure had little impact on consumers’ health. In summary, Nap could be used as a key indicator to evaluate the existence and potential risk of PAHs in FSBR.

In the context of internal circulation, domestic trade is widely encouraged in China. However, the growth of inter-provincial trade may aggravate inter-regional embodied carbon emissions transfer. The knowledge about the causes of changes in embodied carbon emissions from an industry transfer perspective is limited, which is significant for achieving the regional carbon emission reduction fairly and reasonably. Therefore, this paper utilizes the provincial energy consumption data and the multi-region input–output tables in 2002 and 2012 to calculate the embodied carbon transfer among different regions. Furthermore, the inter-regional embodied carbon emissions transfer trends are analyzed and discussed by the quantitative measurement of industries transfer. The results indicated that nearly 58% of carbon emissions were transferred out from the southeast coastal areas to the central and western areas by importing carbon-intensive productions, reaching 516 million tons. In addition, the carbon intensity in the eastern areas decreased by about 30%, while that increased by 11% in the central and western areas. Energy inequality among regions was getting worse. To promote inter-regional development equity, the emission reduction targets of different regions should be heterogeneous. Specifically, the southeast coastal areas are suggeted to compensate for the transfer-out emissions. The central and western areas are suggested to develop markets for renewable energy topromote the economy and adjust energy structure.

Renewable energy is an important alternative energy source in terms of both sustainable growth and climate change. In this paper, the causality nexus between renewable energy consumption and economic growth is analyzed in 15 emerging countries covering the period from 1990 to 2015. The paper adopts the bootstrap panel causality test which is developed by (Kónya, Econ Model 23:978–992, 2006) to consider the cross-sectional dependence. The results of (Kónya, Econ Model 23:978–992, 2006) prove the validity of the neutrality hypothesis in all countries. Then, we analyze asymmetric causality among the variables. Asymmetric test denotes a causality from negative shocks of economic growth to negative shocks of renewable energy consumption in South Africa, Thailand, and Turkey. Thus, a negative shock in economic growth hampers renewable energy consumption in these countries. Our results demonstrate the consequences of the application of disaggregated data in the analyses.

To explore the effects of biochar application on CO₂ and CH₄ emissions as well as the temperature response of CO₂ emissions, a 1-year experiment was conducted with three treatments (control; CF, chemical fertilizer only; BCF, biochar combined with chemical fertilizer) in a vegetable field. The results showed that (1) compared with CF, short-term application of biochar significantly enhanced the cumulative CO₂ emissions by 27.5% from a soil–plant system by increasing the soil microbial biomass (e.g., MBC) and C substrates (e.g., SOC); (2) lowest emissions of CH₄ were observed in the BCF treatment, and an increase in CH₄ consumption and reduced competition with NH₄⁺ may be responsible for the significant reduction in CH₄ source strength in biochar-amended soil; and (3) activation energy (Eₐ) was identified as an important factor influencing the temperature sensitivity (Q₁₀) of CO₂ emissions. Fertilization (CF and BCF) reduced the average Q₁₀ and Eₐ values of CO₂ emissions by 9.0–26.7% and 23.5–10.1%, respectively, relative to the control. In addition, the average Eₐ value in the BCF treatment (51.9 kJ mol⁻¹) was significantly higher than those in the control and CF treatments. The increase in Q₁₀ and Eₐ values following biochar application possibly contributed to the supplementation of limited labile C and nutrients but highly resistant C following biochar application. Soil pH and crop cultivation may play key roles in influencing the change in Eₐ. Our study concludes that biochar amendment increased CO₂ emissions and temperature response of CO₂ emission from the soil–plant system while reducing CH₄ emissions.

Cement kiln collaborative disposal technology can not only dispose of hazardous waste but also provide energy for the cement industry. However, the addition of hazardous waste may promote the formation of dioxins in cement kilns. In this study, typical hazardous solid wastes, such as solidified fly ash, electroplating sludge, and industrial residue, were co-processed in a cement kiln with different feeding positions and different feeding amounts. The concentrations of dioxins in the flue gas, clinker, and precalciner furnace slag were investigated. The effect of adding mixed hazardous solid waste on the formation of dioxin was also studied. The results showed that the concentration of dioxin in the flue gas without added hazardous waste was 1.57 ng/m³, and the concentration varied from 1.03 to 6.49 ng/m³ after the addition of hazardous waste. In addition, the concentration of dioxin in the flue gas and solid samples increased substantially when the co-processing ratio doubled. The large amount of Cu in solidified fly ash promoted the formation of dioxins, while the higher S content in the electroplating sludge suppressed the formation of dioxins. Compared with the addition of single hazardous waste, the concentration of dioxin in precalciner furnace slag increases by about 300%. Furthermore, the distributions of isomers in the clinker and precalciner furnace slag were similar. 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDD and OCDD accounted for a large proportion of the mass concentration, and the contribution rate ranged from 48.7 to 82.0%. Most importantly, correlation analysis showed that the concentration of dioxin was closely related to the copper content, hazardous waste types and additive proportion, with correlation coefficients of 0.79, 0.83, and 0.89, respectively. This study provides a basis for exploring the high environmental benefits of disposing of hazardous solid waste by co-processing in cement kilns.