Effluent from the textile industry is a major source of water pollution. Textile effluents contain a high amount of color, turbidity, BOD, and COD, which are highly toxic and affect aquatic organisms as well as human beings. Physical and chemical treatments of these effluents are difficult and costly. Adsorption is an effective method to treat textile industry effluent. In the present study, chitosan is selected as an adsorbent, derived from the exoskeleton of marine crustaceans like shrimp and crab by chemical processing. The color was removed using chitosan from shrimp and crab shells separately. On the sixth day of treatment, shrimp shell chitosan removed 100% of color from textile industry effluent and proved to be a better adsorbent.

The world is facing a greater issue in the disposal of waste plastics and there is an intense need for research on alternate and sustainable solutions for environmental issues. Waste plastic can be used as aggregates or as a protective layer over aggregates to increase their strength. The aggregate used in flexible pavements was investigated in this study, as well as the use of Geo-Polymer to improve the pavement’s strength and durability. The design of the pavement is done according to the Indian standard codes IRC. Dense bituminous macadam and base courses are taken into account as per the design criteria. The geo-polymer flexible pavement was tested for properties such as the wearing test. Other fundamental tests for aggregate and bitumen used in pavements include specific gravity, flash point, fire point, ductility, softening point, penetration test, water absorption test, bonding strength, durability, and temperature resistance. When geo-polymer plastic bitumen is heated and put as a coating over the base course, it allows the user the air gaps with additional plastic and binds over the aggregate, resulting in increased road stability, smoothness, and vehicle braking effects. It is concluded that with 5% addition of the geo-polymer with bitumen has performed well in all aspects of the bitumen characteristics.

The main goal of the study was to look at the properties of waste, treatment options, and disposal techniques. Furthermore, waste circulation variables in the textile and apparel sectors in Sri Lanka’s Biyagama Industrial Processing Zone were calculated. The types, volumes, and per capita waste generation of ten industries were analyzed, as well as waste management activities such as trash minimization, handling, storing, recirculation, and disposal. The information was gathered using questionnaires, interviews, and field observations. According to the findings, the total industrial waste generation rate was 13792.5 tonnes per year, with 5926 tonnes per year designated as hazardous waste materials (42.9%). Furthermore, the waste generation rate per capita was 0.93 kg. The waste circulation factor was 0.38, according to the findings. The findings of the study highlight the necessity for integrated waste management methods in the textile and apparel industries.

Scholars have turned their attention to the ecological protection and high-quality development of China’s Yellow River Basin in recent years. The basin is a major agricultural production area in China, hence investigating agricultural carbon emission reduction strategies in the basin is crucial. The research object in this article is the agricultural departmen.ts of China’s nine provinces in the Yellow River Basin from 2005 to 2018. Agricultural carbon emissions are measured using agricultural land usage, rice planting, crop planting, straw burning, and livestock breeding as agricultural carbon sources. In addition, the GTWR model is used to examine the spatiotemporal aspects of the impact of five factors on agricultural carbon emissions in this paper. The findings reveal that the five factors have varying degrees and directions of influence.

Industrial polluted water has become an important water source for irrigation in the majority of constructed wetlands or even natural wetlands in China. The shortage of clean water resources has raised concerns about the potential accumulation of heavy metals, such as cadmium. Plants stressed by high levels of cadmium can increase the activity of superoxide dismutase. We have identified a positive correlation between the superoxide dismutase activity and the cadmium content of reed leaves in the wetland. Regression analysis confirmed that the superoxide dismutase activities fit a logistic curve. The logistic model was then applied to describe the superoxide dismutase activity, estimating parameters under different levels of cadmium stress. According to the findings, higher cadmium concentrations would cause the superoxide dismutase activity to increase at a higher intrinsic rate, have a lower environmental capacity k, and have lower inflection points. The dynamic model predicted an acceptable cadmium concentration of less than 3mg.kg-1. At this concentration, reeds could develop and grow satisfactorily in the presence of cadmium. Therefore, the concentration of cadmium in the irrigated water of polluted water in mine sites, papermaking wastewater, or other industrial wastewater should be less than or equal to 3mg.kg-1 to ensure the normal growth of reeds in related wetlands.

The current work is designed to search for suitable rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars capable of growing on Cr(VI), hexavalent chromium contaminated soils. The study of tolerance and phenotypical changes of three selected rice cultivars like Bina Dhan 11, Kalachampa, and Pratikshya, at the seedling stages, was done under soil Cr(VI) concentrations up to 300 mg.kg-1 of soil. The 7-day seedlings of these rice cultivars growing on Cr(VI) treated soils were found to exhibit a significant reduction in shoot and root growth at p ≤ 0.05. The experimental results support that 7-day seedlings of Bina Dhan 11 were found to be the best among the three cultivars under soil Cr(VI) stress conditions. The present work may help in selecting suitable rice cultivar for paddy cultivation on Cr(VI) contaminated crop lands present in mining and industrial belts. Further work on this aspect may be useful in increasing rice productivity, catering to the increase in demand for food.

Sustainability in human development sets exact standards for the management of natural resources, including their extraction, use, and the introduction of waste products into a complex, inventive circuit as a consequence of exploitation. Because of the negative influence that medical waste has on the environment and people, it needs specific handling. Medical waste is increasing in amount all the time and has a wide range of consequences across a wide range of activity domains. This paper discusses various issues of the sustainable management of blood sample bio-medical waste and evaluates the properties of alternative samples which are made of gelatin-coated sample paper. A unique bar-coded paper-based blood sample method has prevented complications during blood tests and is much more environmentally friendly.

Organic junk contamination is one of the serious environmental concerns throughout today’s world. Heavy usage of throwaway plastics devastates nature by obstructing rainwater drainage. From constant exposure to sunlight and warmth, plastics release hazardous gasses into the atmosphere. To reflect the vastly increased amount of various waste plastics, a scaled hybrid plasma gasification reactor is being introduced, which uses an advanced pyrolysis process to break down the plastic waste. The design is simple, transportable, easy to handle, and required very little repair work on long-period usage. Thermochemical investigations are carried out at temperatures ranging from 400 to 600 degrees Celsius, with heating rates ranging from 15 to 22 degrees Celsius per minute, yielding 76-88 percent pyrolysis oil, 10-23 percent syngas, and 4-15 percent chars as besides. It occurs when the molecular architecture of polymers is separated, resulting in the creation of Synthesis gas, which is then condensed into synthesis petroleum fuel. The highest yielding of oil utilizes gas and solid char is determined at 550oC, 600oC, and 450oC respectively, according to the computed pyrolysis kinetic parameter on oil recovery from various waste plastics. The mono-graphic analysis is also used to classify different waste residual char. The model reduces the volume of waste plastic by 89.2%, lowering the detrimental impacts on all living things while simultaneously producing a synthesis of petroleum fuel as a by-product that may be utilized as a replacement or addition to traditional fuel.

With rapid urbanization and industrialization, Bhutan is developing at a fast pace due to which solid waste generation is increasing day by day and hence its management has become a great issue. One of the management issues that are faced in the management of landfills is the generation of toxic soup from landfills known as leachate which is one of the causes of water and soil pollution. The landfills in Bhutan lack a proper leachate management system and those that have leachate collection tanks are very uneconomical due to unreliable methods being used to determine the leachate generated amount. Leachate generation from municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills by various methods such as Standard, Rational, and Mass balance methods was determined, analyzed the results and ultimately developed a reliable method for determining the amount of leachate generated by a landfill known as “Fusion method”. The quantified leachate volume from the study area was 4565.98 m3 with the annual precipitation amount being 15156.09 m3 with the developed (fusion) method. Validation of the model was performed on data from Deir Al Balah landfill, Gaza strip, Palestine. The validated amount of leachate generation is about 123,833.08 m3 by the fusion method, while the actual amount of leachate generated was about 114,351 m3 from which the percentage difference between the fusion method and the actual amount of leachate generated was found to be only 8.29%, compared to other methods with % error ranged from 10-55 %.

Soil erosion is one of the major environmental problems facing the world. The multi-scale characteristics of soil erosion and the complexity of its influencing factors put forward higher requirements for soil erosion prevention and control. Based on GIS technology and the RUSLE model, this paper quantitatively studies the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of soil erosion intensity in Chengde City(CC) from 2003 to 2018 and analyzes the temporal and spatial characteristics of R, K, LS, C, P factors according to the model calculation results, and analyzes the formation mechanism of key units of soil erosion in CC. The results show that: The area of tolerable erosion in CC in 2018 was 35152.19 km2 (accounting for 90.22% of the total area), which was at the level of tolerable erosion on the whole. The average soil erosion modulus of CC in 2003, 2006, 2009, 2012, 2015, and 2018 were 41.38, 45.06, 46.58, 83.66, 27.67, and 73.34 t.km-2.y-1, reaching the maximum value of 83.66 t.km-2.y-1 in 2012, showing a rising trend and then declining trend in the research period. Soil erosion deteriorated in some areas of CC and regional differences increased, which caused serious environmental problems. Fitting results showed that the R factor was one of the important factors for the increase of regional differences and average erosion modulus. According to the characteristics of the problem, a precise governance model of soil erosion prevention based on the intensity and causes of soil erosion was put forward, and a “landing” scheme of soil erosion prevention and control measures was put forward. Furthermore, the control of soil and water loss in key areas should be strengthened in the future.