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The coming of age of microbial ecotoxicology: report on the first two meetings in France | L'émergence de l'écotoxicologie microbienne: retour sur les deux premiers colloques organisés en France
2014
Ghiglione, J.F. | Martin Laurent, F. | Stachowski Haberkorn, S. | Pesce, Stéphane | Vuilleumier, Stéphane | Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC) | Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) | Unité Biogéochimie et Ecotoxicologie (BE) ; Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER) | Milieux aquatiques, écologie et pollutions (UR MALY) ; Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)
[Departement_IRSTEA]Eaux [TR1_IRSTEA]BELCA<br/>EA ECOLDUR CT3 | International audience | Microorganisms are ubiquitous in soil, air, and water ecosystems, where they are key players of ecosystem services. Microbial ecotoxicology is an emerging interdisciplinary area of research which aims at investigating the impact of human activities on the diversity, abundance, and activity of microorganisms. In return, the results of such investigations hold the promise to provide novel ways of assessing in a sensitive way the impacts of diverse environmental disturbances and subsequent ecosystem responses. Thus and although the term itself is yet rarely encountered in the scientific literature, microbial ecotoxicology already addresses an increasing political and societal demand. In the French scientific landscape, which often mimics the famous (but sometimes indigestible) “mille-feuilles” pastry, microbial ecotoxicologists are scattered across many different research centers belonging to different research organizations and universities. This research field has thus lacked any visibility and remained unorganized until now. Formal organization of scientific activities may be considered a typical “froggies” concern (or ailment). Nevertheless, it is rather surprising that scientific journals and significant international conferences specifically devoted to microbial ecotoxicology have been missing so far, especially considering the plethoric range of journals and congresses devoted to microbial ecology and ecotoxicology. With these considerations in mind, the idea of organizing the French research community of microbial ecologists around concepts of ecotoxicology made its way, with the aim of sharing the necessity to overcome artificial boundaries that prevent progress in this promising field.
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Development of a reference artificial sediment for chemical testing adapted to the MELA sediment contact assay
2014
Le Bihanic, Florane | Perrichon, Prescilla | Landi, Laure | Clérandeau, Christelle | Le Menach, Karyn | Budzinski, Hélène | Cousin, Xavier | Cachot, Jérôme | Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB) | Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC) ; Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU) ; Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE) ; Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | Laboratoire d'Écotoxicologie (LEX) ; Biogéochimie et Ecotoxicologie (BE) ; Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER) | Laboratoire de Physiologie et Génomique des Poissons (LPGP) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ) | ANR ConPhyPop (2009-002) ; Ministère de l'Enseignement Supérieur et de la Recherche ; Conseil Général de Charente-Maritime ; Ifremer
Most persistent organic pollutants, due to their hydrophobic properties, accumulate in aquatic sediments and represent a high risk for sediment quality. To assess the toxicity of hydrophobic pollutants, a novel approach was recently proposed as an alternative to replace, refine and reduce animal experimentation: the medaka embryo-larval sediment contact assay (MELAc). This assay is performed with Japanese medaka embryos incubated on a natural sediment spiked with the compound being tested. With the aim of improving this assay, our study developed a reference exposure protocol with an artificial sediment specifically designed to limit natural sediment composition uncertainties and preparation variability. The optimum composition of the new artificial sediment was tested using a model polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), fluoranthene. The sediment was then validated with two other model PAHs, benz[a]anthracene and benzo[a]pyrene. Various developmental end points were recorded, including survival, embryonic heartbeat, hatching delay, hatching success, larval biometry and abnormalities. The final artificial sediment composition was set at 2.5 % dry weight (dw) Sphagnum peat, 5 % dw kaolin clay and 92.5 % dw silica of 0.2- to 0.5-mm grain size. In contrast with natural sediments, the chemical components of this artificial matrix are fully defined and readily identifiable. It is totally safe for fish embryos and presents relatively high sorption capacities for hydrophobic compounds. Studies with other hydrophobic and metallic contaminants and mixtures should be performed to further validate this artificial sediment.
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Chronic dietary exposure of zebrafish to PAH mixtures results in carcinogenic but not genotoxic effects
2014
Larcher, Thibaut | Perrichon, P. | Vignet, Caroline | Ledevin, Mireille | Le Menach, K. | Lyphout, L. | Landi, L. | Clerandeau, C. | Le Bihanic, F. | Menard, D. | Burgeot, T. | Budzinski, H. | Akcha, F. | Cachot, J. | Cousin, Xavier | Physiopathologie Animale et bioThérapie du muscle et du système nerveux (PAnTher) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale vétérinaire, agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS) | PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM) | École nationale vétérinaire, agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS) | LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés (LIENSs) ; La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | Laboratoire d'Écotoxicologie (LEX) ; Biogéochimie et Ecotoxicologie (BE) ; Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER) | Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC) ; Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU) ; Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE) ; Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | Laboratoire de Physiologie et Génomique des Poissons (LPGP) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ) | ANR ConPhyPop (2009-002) ; Région Poitou-Charentes ; Ifremer ; Conseil Général de Charente-Maritime ; Ministère de l'Enseignement Supérieur de la Recherche
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous contaminants that can be present at high levels as mixtures in polluted aquatic environments. Many PAHs are potent mutagens and several are well-known carcinogens. Despite numerous studies on individual compounds, little is known about the toxicity of PAHs mixtures that are encountered in environmental situations. In the presentwork, zebrafish were continuously fed from 5 days post-fertilisation to 14 months post-fertilisation (mpf) with a diet spiked with fractions of either pyrolytic (PY), petrogenic light oil (LO), or petrogenic heavy oil (HO) origin at three concentrations. A decrease in survival was identified after 3 mpf in fish fed with the highest concentration of HO or LO, but not for PY. All PAH fractions caused preneoplastic and neoplastic disorders in longterm-exposed animals. Target tissues were almost exclusively of epithelial origin, with the bile duct epithelium being themost susceptible to chronic exposure to all PAH fractions, and with germ cells being the second most responsive cells. Significantly higher incidences of neoplasms were observed with increasing PAH concentration and exposure duration. Themost severe carcinogenic effects were induced by dietary exposure to HO compared to exposure to LO or PY (45, 30 and 7 %, respectively, after 9 to 10 months of exposure to an intermediate concentration of PAHs). In contrast, earliest carcinogenic effects were detected as soon as 3 mpf after exposure to LO, including the lowest concentration, or to PY. PAHbioactivation and genotoxicity in blood was assessed by ethoxyresorufin-Odeethylase activity quantification and comet and micronuclei assays, respectively, but none of these were positive. Chronic dietary exposure of zebrafish to PAH mixtures results in carcinogenotoxic events that impair survival and physiology of exposed fish.
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Long-term disruption of growth, reproduction, and behavior after embryonic exposure of zebrafish to PAH-spiked sediment
2014
Vignet, Caroline | Devier, Marie Helene | Le Menach, Karyn | Lyphout, Laura | Potier, Jérémy | Cachot, Jérôme | Budzinski, Hélène | Bégout, Marie-Laure | Cousin, Xavier | Laboratoire d'Écotoxicologie (LEX) ; Biogéochimie et Ecotoxicologie (BE) ; Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER) | Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC) ; Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU) ; Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE) ; Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | Laboratoire Ressources Halieutiques (LRH) ; Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER) | Laboratoire de Physiologie et Génomique des Poissons (LPGP) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ) | ANR ConPhyPop (2009-002) ; CPER A2E ; European Regional Development Fund ; Region Poitou-Charentes ; Ifremer | ANR-09-CESA-0002,CONPHYPOP,Contamination et physiologie des poissons aux polluants(2009)
A natural sediment spiked with three individual polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs; pyrene, phenanthrene and benzo[a]pyrene) was used to expose zebrafish embryos and larvae during 4 days. The total PAH concentration was 4.4 μg g−1 which is in the range found in sediment from contaminated areas. Quantification of metabolites in the larvae after exposure confirmed the actual contamination of the larvae and indicated an active metabolism specially for pyrene and benzo[a]pyrene. After a transfer in a clean medium, the larvae were reared to adulthood and valuated for survival, growth, reproduction, and behavior. Measured endpoints revealed a late disruption of growth (appearing at 5 months) and a trend toward a lower reproductive ability. Adults of embryos exposed to sediment spiked with PAHs displayed lethargic and/or anxiety-like behaviors. This latter behavior was also identified in offspring at larval stage. All together, these effects could have detrimental consequences on fish performances and contribution to recruitment.
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Chronic dietary exposure to pyrolytic and petrogenic mixtures of PAHs causes physiological disruption in zebrafish - part I: survival and growth
2014
Vignet, Caroline | Le Menach, Karyn | Mazurais, David | Lucas, Julie | Perrichon, Prescilla | Le Bihanic, Florane | Devier, Marie Helene | Lyphout, Laura | Frère, Laura | Bégout, Marie-Laure | Zambonino-Infante, Jose-Luis | Budzinski, Hélène | Cousin, Xavier | Laboratoire d'Écotoxicologie (LEX) ; Biogéochimie et Ecotoxicologie (BE) ; Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER) | Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER) | Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC) ; Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU) ; Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE) ; Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR) ; Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM) ; Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés (LIENSs) ; La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | Laboratoire Ressources Halieutiques (LRH) ; Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER) | Laboratoire de Physiologie et Génomique des Poissons (LPGP) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ) | ANR ConPhyPop (2009-002) ; CPER A2E ; European Regional Development Fund ; Région Poitou-Charentes ; Ifremer ; Conseil Général de Charente-Maritime ; Ministère de l'Enseignement Supérieur de la Recherche | ANR-09-CESA-0002,CONPHYPOP,Contamination et physiologie des poissons aux polluants(2009)
The release of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) into the environment has increased very substantially over the last decades leading to high concentrations in sediments of contaminated areas. To evaluate the consequences of long-term chronic exposure to PAHs, zebrafish were exposed, from their first meal at 5 days post fertilisation until they became reproducing adults, to diets spiked with three PAH fractions at three environmentally relevant concentrations with the medium concentration being in the range of 4.6–6.7 μg g−1 for total quantified PAHs including the 16 US-EPA indicator PAHs and alkylated derivatives. The fractions used were representative of PAHs of pyrolytic (PY) origin or of two different oils of differing compositions, a heavy fuel (HO) and a light crude oil (LO). Fish growth was inhibited by all PAH fractions and the effects were sex specific: as determined with 9-month-old adults, exposure to the highest PY inhibited growth of females; exposure to the highest HO and LO inhibited growth of males; also, the highest HO dramatically reduced survival. Morphological analysis indicated a disruption of jaw growth in larvae and malformations in adults. Intestinal and pancreatic enzyme activities were abnormal in 2-month-old exposed fish. These effects may contribute to poor growth. Finally, our results indicate that PAH mixtures of different compositions, representative of situations encountered in the wild, can promote lethal and sublethal effects which are likely to be detrimental for fish recruitment.
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Sorption of selected pesticides on soils, sediment and straw from a constructed agricultural drainage ditch or pond
2014
Vallee, Romain | Dousset, Sylvie | Billet, David | Benoît, Marc | Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC) ; Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE) ; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Terre et Environnement de Lorraine (OTELo) ; Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | Agro-Systèmes Territoires Ressources Mirecourt (ASTER Mirecourt) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) | Zone Atelier Moselle; Agence de l'Eau Rhin-Meuse
eISSN: 1614-7499 | International audience | Buffer zones such as ponds and ditches are used to reduce field-scale losses of pesticides from subsurface drainage waters to surface waters. The objective of this study was to assess the efficiency of these buffer zones, in particular constructed wetlands, focusing specifically on sorption processes. We modelled the sorption processes of three herbicides [2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-MCPA), isoproturon and napropamide] and three fungicides (boscalid, prochloraz and tebuconazole) on four substrates (two soils, sediment and straw) commonly found in a pond and ditch in Lorraine (France). A wide range of Freundlich coefficient (K (fads)) values was obtained, from 0.74 to 442.63 mg(1 -aEuro parts per thousand n) L (n) kg(-1), and the corresponding K (foc) values ranged from 56 to 3,725 mg(1 -aEuro parts per thousand n) L (n) kg(-1). Based on potential retention, the substrates may be classified as straw >> sediments > soils. These results show the importance of organic carbon content and nature in the process of sorption. Similarly, the studied pesticides could be classified according to their adsorption capacity as follows: prochloraz >> tebuconazole-boscalid > napropamide >> MCPA-isoproturon. This classification is strongly influenced by the physico-chemical properties of pesticides, especially solubility and K (oc). Straw exhibited the largest quantity of non-desorbable pesticide residues, from 12.1 to 224.2 mg/L for all pesticides. The presence of plants could increase soil-sediment sorption capacity. Thus, establishment and maintenance of plants and straw filters should be promoted to optimise sorption processes and the efficiency of ponds and ditches in reducing surface water pollution.
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Developmental toxicity of PAH mixtures in fish early life stages. Part II: adverse effects in Japanese medaka
2014
Le Bihanic, Florane | Clérandeau, Christelle | Le Menach, Karyn | Morin, Bénédicte | Budzinski, Hélène | Cousin, Xavier | Cachot, Jérôme | Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB) | Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC) ; Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU) ; Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE) ; Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | Laboratoire de Physiologie et Génomique des Poissons (LPGP) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ) | Laboratoire d'Écotoxicologie (LEX) ; Biogéochimie et Ecotoxicologie (BE) ; Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER) | ANR ConPhyPop (2009-002) ; Ministère de l'Enseignement Supérieur et de la Recherche
In aquatic environments, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) mostly occur as complex mixtures, for which risk assessment remains problematic. To better understand the effects of PAH mixture toxicity on fish early life stages, this study compared the developmental toxicity of three PAH complex mixtures. These mixtures were extracted from a PAH-contaminated sediment (Seine estuary, France) and two oils (Arabian Light and Erika). For each fraction, artificial sediment was spiked at three different environmental concentrations roughly equivalent to 0.5, 4, and 10 μg total PAH g−1 dw. Japanese medaka embryos were incubated on these PAH-spiked sediments throughout their development, right up until hatching. Several endpoints were recorded at different developmental stages, including acute endpoints, morphological abnormalities, larvae locomotion, and genotoxicity (comet and micronucleus assays). The three PAH fractions delayed hatching, induced developmental abnormalities, disrupted larvae swimming activity, and damaged DNA at environmental concentrations. Differences in toxicity levels, likely related to differences in PAH proportions, were highlighted between fractions. The Arabian Light and Erika petrogenic fractions, containing a high proportion of alkylated PAHs and low molecular weight PAHs, were more toxic to Japanese medaka early life stages than the pyrolytic fraction. This was not supported by the toxic equivalency approach, which appeared unsuitable for assessing the toxicity of the three PAH fractions to fish early life stages. This study highlights the potential risks posed by environmental mixtures of alkylated and low molecular weight PAHs to early stages of fish development.
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Aerobic metabolism and cardiac activity in the descendants of zebrafish exposed to pyrolytic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
2014
Lucas, Julie | Perrichon, Prescilla | Nouhaud, Marine | Audras, Alexandre | Leguen, Isabelle | Lefrancois, Christel | Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER) | LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés (LIENSs) ; La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | Laboratoire de Physiologie et Génomique des Poissons (LPGP) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ) | ANR ConPhyPop (CES098002) ; Regional Council of Poitou-Charentes
International audience | The increase of anthropogenic activities on coastal areas induces discharges of Polycyclic Aromatic 16 Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in aquatic ecosystem. PAHs effects depend on their concentration and the way of 17 contamination, but also on the different developmental stages of the organism. Zebrafish were exposed to 18 relevant concentration of pyrolytic PAHs from the first meal (i.e. 5 day post fertilization, dpf) to mature adults. 19 Parental effect of this type of exposure was evaluated through the assessment of aerobic metabolic scope, cardiac 20 frequency and cardiac mRNA expression on larval and/or embryo progeny of contaminated fish. Our results 21 suggest that cardiac frequency increased in larval descendants of fish exposed to the environmental 22 concentration of pyrolytic PAHs (i.e. 5ng.g-1 of food), while a lack of effect on aerobic metabolism in 5 dpf 23 larvae was highlighted. A surexpression of mRNA related to the cardiac calcium transporting ATPase atp2a2a, a 24 protein essential for contraction, is in accordance with this increasing cardiac frequency. Even if cardiac 25 development genes cmlc1 and tnnt2a were not affected at early lifestages tested, complementary work on cardiac 26 structure could be interesting to better understand PAHs action. 27 28
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Aerobic metabolism and cardiac activity in the descendants of zebrafish exposed to pyrolytic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
2014
Lucas, Julie | Perrichon, Prescilla | Nouhaud, Marine | Audras, Alexandre | Leguen, Isabelle | Lefrancois, Christel | Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER) | LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés (LIENSs) ; La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | Laboratoire de Physiologie et Génomique des Poissons (LPGP) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ) | ANR ConPhyPop (CES098002) ; Regional Council of Poitou-Charentes
International audience | The increase of anthropogenic activities on coastal areas induces discharges of Polycyclic Aromatic 16 Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in aquatic ecosystem. PAHs effects depend on their concentration and the way of 17 contamination, but also on the different developmental stages of the organism. Zebrafish were exposed to 18 relevant concentration of pyrolytic PAHs from the first meal (i.e. 5 day post fertilization, dpf) to mature adults. 19 Parental effect of this type of exposure was evaluated through the assessment of aerobic metabolic scope, cardiac 20 frequency and cardiac mRNA expression on larval and/or embryo progeny of contaminated fish. Our results 21 suggest that cardiac frequency increased in larval descendants of fish exposed to the environmental 22 concentration of pyrolytic PAHs (i.e. 5ng.g-1 of food), while a lack of effect on aerobic metabolism in 5 dpf 23 larvae was highlighted. A surexpression of mRNA related to the cardiac calcium transporting ATPase atp2a2a, a 24 protein essential for contraction, is in accordance with this increasing cardiac frequency. Even if cardiac 25 development genes cmlc1 and tnnt2a were not affected at early lifestages tested, complementary work on cardiac 26 structure could be interesting to better understand PAHs action. 27 28
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Chronic dietary exposure to pyrolytic and petrogenic mixtures of PAHs causes physiological disruption in zebrafish—part II: behavior
2014
Vignet, Caroline | Le Menach, Karyn | Lyphout, Laura | Guionnet, Tiphaine | Frère, Laura | Leguay, Didier | Budzinski, Hélène | Cousin, Xavier | Bégout, Marie-Laure | Laboratoire d'Écotoxicologie (LEX) ; Biogéochimie et Ecotoxicologie (BE) ; Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER) | Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC) ; Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU) ; Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE) ; Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | Laboratoire Ressources Halieutiques (LRH) ; Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER) | Laboratoire de Physiologie et Génomique des Poissons (LPGP) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ) | ANR project ConPhyPoP (CES 09_002) and CPER A2E ; European Union and European Fund for Regional Development ; Région Poitou-Charentes ; Institut Français de Recherche pour l’Exploitation de la Mer ; LABEX COTE cluster of excellence “Continental to coastal ecosystems” | ANR-09-CESA-0002,CONPHYPOP,Contamination et physiologie des poissons aux polluants(2009) | ANR-10-IDEX-0003,IDEX BORDEAUX,Initiative d'excellence de l'Université de Bordeaux(2010)
International audience | In the last 10 years, behavior assessment has been developed as an indicator of neurotoxicity and an integrated indicator of physiological disruption. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) release into the environment has increased in recent decades resulting in high concentrations of these compounds in the sediment of contaminated areas. We evaluated the behavioral consequences of long-term chronic exposure to PAHs, by exposing zebrafish to diets spiked with three PAH fractions at environmentally relevant concentrations. Fish were exposed to these chemicals from their first meal (5 days postfertilization) until they became reproducing adults (at 6 months old). The fractions used were representative of PAHs of pyrolytic (PY) origin and of two oils differing in composition (a heavy fuel oil (HO) and a light crude oil (LO)). Several tests were carried out to evaluate circadian spontaneous swimming activity, responses to a challenge (photomotor response), exploratory tendencies, and anxiety levels. We found that dietary PAH exposure was associated with greater mobility, lower levels of exploratory activity, and higher levels of anxiety, particularly in fish exposed to the HO fraction and, to a lesser extent, the LO fraction. Finally, our results indicate that PAH mixtures of different compositions, representative of situations encountered in the wild, can induce behavioral disruptions resulting in poorer fish performance.
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