The aim of the paper is to present the spatial diversity of water resources in the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodship during the drought in 2015. The region’s area is characterized by the lowest average annual precipitation in Poland, the lowest water resources and high water demand associated with intensive plant production. Hydrological research was carried out in September 2015 in 145 measurement points on various rivers. Despite the low precipitation recorded in August 2015 at the majority of meteorological stations, the volume of the specific discharge from the Kuyavian-Pomeranian region was characterized by high variability. The largest specific discharges were recorded for rivers located in the northern part of the region whose sources are located in the Pomeranian Lake District, i.e. Brda and Wda (over 2 dm3 sE−1 kmE−2) and the Masurian Lake District (Drwęca over 1 dm3 sE−1 km E−2). The smallest specific discharges (less than 0.5 dm3 sE−1 kmE−2) were recorded in the catchments located in the Kuyavian region (Tążyna, Zgłowiączka and Noteć) in the southern part of the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodship and from the Osa River catchment. These areas are intensively used for agricultural purposes. The use of surface water resources as a potential source of irrigation water for crops can only be taken into account in connection with groundwater resources.

The most urgent environmental problem in cultivated land areas of Lithuanian karst region is the protection of subsurface water from technogenic pollution. In terms of subsurface water pollution, the ambience of sinkholes is considered to be particularly dangerous. The work was carried out in 2004-2006 in the district of Birzai. Having analyzed the regime of sinkhole water formed in the vicinity of sinkholes as well as the regime of ground water of their vicinity it was determined that this regime is different in respect of the local hydrogeological conditions. A common regularity was observed: during the snow thaw period and rainy period sinkholes are fed with water from ambient soil and with shallow ground water, during the dry period water accumulated in peat of the failures of sinkholes flows into the ambience, and during the particularly dry periods subsurface water abates in sinkholes and they start draining the ground water very intensively. Analyzing the interrelations of water quality indices it was determined that in most cases the quality of ground water in sinkholes and in their vicinity is closely related. Sinkholes with water level higher than the ground water level and with higher chemical compounds concentrations make no adverse effect on ground water quality due to comparatively low runoff into the environment. However, such sinkholes are considered to be potential pollution sources of lower aquatic layers. Nitrate nitrogen is one of the most harmful pollutants getting into the sinkholes from agricultural fields and farming land plots where mineral fertilizers are applied. Ground water of higher level polluted with the nitrogen is obviously polluting the subsurface water of the sinkhole as well.

The article deals with the regeneration process of water resources capacity of the wells in the Baltezers region using mechanical and chemical treatment. The methods of this treatment process are described in detail.

The work contains the description of the current technical conditions of the water resources of the Baltezers region and drinking water consumption in Riga during 2003-2010.

Central Asia faces substantial water scarcity due to increasing water demand driven by rapid urbanization, population growth, economic development, and inefficiency of irrigated agriculture. These developments are compounded by the effects of climate change, such as rising temperatures, loss of glacier mass and increased frequency of extreme events, including droughts. The region’s escalating water scarcity is causing disputes and straining rural livelihoods. Moreover, these challenges drive migration, creating considerable societal impacts. However, these issues remain underexplored in climate change research, making the region a global blind spot in climate adaptation and migration studies. We advocate for innovative research pathways that scrutinize smallholder adaptation strategies, examine the nexus between climate change, water scarcity, and mobility, and investigate tensions and cooperation over water resources. We conclude by emphasizing that substantial investments in inter- and transdisciplinary collaboration, improved data availability and quality, and strengthening of research and institutional capacities are essential to advance interdisciplinary climate impact research in Central Asia. Such efforts are vital for addressing existing knowledge gaps and enhancing evidence-based policymaking to improve the region’s position in current and future debates on climate change and sustainable development.