The aim of the work was to study accessions of Dactylis glomerata L. of different origin for breeding in the Leningrad region. The work was carried out at the Leningrad Agricultural Research Institute. The study involved 15 accessions. The nursery was founded in 2016 and included two replications for green yield and two – for seed production. Cutting and sampling for biochemical studies were conducted in May-June 2018, seeds were collected in July. The amount of ascorbic acid, carotenoids and chlorophylls and crude protein were determined. Statistical analysis included the calculation of the parameters of variation, ANOVA and correlation analysis. Three groups were identified by the degree of ripeness: a small group of early maturing – 31 days, a group of late maturing (single accession from Karelia) – 51 days, a large group of middle maturing – 34–37 days. For the late maturing accession the mechanism of regulation of the beginning of heading is due to the sensitivity to photoperiod. The adaptive potential of widely zoned varieties is wider than for localized. Their productivity is higher. The content of pigments in the green mass is closely correlated. The system of pigments in the complex of characters is separate, but is positively associated with the seed productivity and negatively – with the content of ascorbic acid. The seed productivity of the accessions is related to the total pigment content and power of the generative shoots (length and mass).

Studies were conducted at the experimental station of the Stavropol State Agrarian University on leached chernozem, powerful, low-humus heavy loam on loess-like loam in 2017. The goal was to study the effect of the introduction of rocks rich in chemical composition (limestone-shell rock, apatite and phosphogypsum), both separately and jointly, on the microbial phase of the soil. The determination of the number of microorganisms was produced on dense nutrient medium by direct counting of colonies. It was found that the amount of ammonifiers under the control was 37 ml CFU gE−1 (colony-forming units), increasing 1.3–1.5 times with separate use and 2.5–3 times with the joint use of rocks. Similar changes were observed with respect to the number of nitrifiers and aerobic nitrogen fixers of the type Azotobacter. The number of cellulose-depleting microorganisms in the remineralization variants reached 220,00–230,00 CFU gE−1 compared to 115,00 CFU gE−1 under the control. With the introduction of separate rocks, there was a decrease in the occurrence of pathogens, while with a joint introduction they were not detected. The frequency of occurrence of toxin formers, such as Aspergillus and Penicillium, reached 100% at the control and decreased by 20–40% at the experimental variants. It was revealed that the introduction of shell limestone, apatite and phosphogypsum had an effect on the increase in the number of soil microbiota of various physiological groups. Among the fungal microflora, the number of pathogens and toxin formers decreases and the number of pathogen antagonists increases.

West Pomeranian University of Technology Szczecin, Poland Business managers report the need for modern methods to improve the implementation of organizational strategies. Translating the strategy into activities and monitoring its implementation poses a serious challenge for the management of modern enterprises. The article aims to present proposals for multidimensional performance measurement with the help of Balanced Scorecard (BSC) for selected Polish listed companies in the confectionery industry. The authors’ original solution within the framework of the BSC construction is extending the range of perspectives for assessing performance compared to the card proposed by Kaplan and Norton by the perspective of suppliers and CSR, and the appropriate selection of measures for this assessment. The article is based on literature studies and analysis of information included in business strategies, financial statements and reports on the operations of selected confectionery companies. Research on the use of multidimensional performance measurement using BSC, taking into account the additional perspectives of suppliers and CSR, help to better understand the relationship between economic, social, and environmental aspects of a company’s operations.

Public participation is needed for nongovernmental organisations (NGO) to function and exist, as the public plays the role of investors by supporting the NGOs financially and thereby providing a quorum needed for the organisation to operate and make decisions. NGOs provide services for defending public interests, and the NGOs members carefully assess their gains from involvement or participation continuation in public organisations, just as if choosing a good or service for consumption. The level of society activity in NGOs sector is low in Latvia comparing with the Western world. To increase it, it is required to contribute to the public’s trust and NGOs transparency. Organisational performance analysis is one of the ways how to provide members with information on performance and funding use, as the members of NGOs wish to be sure that their membership fees and other financial support are effectively used to achieve their goals and defend the interests of their members. The research aims to analyse financial analysis methods used in the NGO sector. The research tasks were set: 1) to analyse the substance of financial analysis of NGO, and 2) to identify shortcomings for a comprehensive analysis of NGO. The research has found that as public participation in NGOs increases, it becomes increasingly important to provide financial transparency in the NGO sector in order to contribute to the public’s trust in the NGOs and make it possible to verify the consistency of funding use with the organisation’s goals and performance.

Given the intensive competition between rural businesses, building and managing good corporate reputation of rural businesses is gaining its popularity among business owners, marketers as well as among scholars. Building and managing good corporate reputation is considered to be one of the crucial goals for businesses that lead to successful competition in ever changing business world. The aim of this research is to determine dimensions and attributes for building good corporate reputation in the framework of rural businesses. To reach the aim, this paper adopts analysis and synthesis of scientific and practical literature in the field of corporate reputation management and, focus group discussion. 23 attributes of corporate reputation representing 7 corporate reputation dimensions were generated from scientific and practical literature. Generated attributes were provided for the evaluation and discussion during the focus group discussion to 7 representatives of rural businesses’ stakeholder groups, namely: customer, employee, supplier, business owner, media, local community, and expert. Empirical research proved 7 rural businesses’ corporate reputation dimensions: Products and Services, Innovation, Workplace, Governance, Citizenship, Leadership and Performance, each of the dimensions constituting of 3−4 corporate reputation attributes. For the further research, quantitative research to test corporate reputation dimensions and attributes and calculate its weights in the context rural businesses is necessary.

Mediation process promotes conflict solving, contributes to a higher level of positive solutions and decreases the number of litigation cases. The aim of the study is to outline the usage of constructive approach in mediation process, analyse conflict and its solving models and to find out the opinions of secondary school students on dialogue and conflict, as well as parties’ assessments after the mediation process. The theoretical method of the study is the analysis of conflict, conflict resolution, mediation process and long-standing mediator practice. The investigation of constructivist approach, conflict elements and strategies are outlined in the study. Conflict solving models are analysed in the Methodology part of the study. Empirical methods were a structured group interview of secondary school students and questioning of conflicting parties. The results of the study confirm that knowledge on conflict and mediation should be developed at school and mediation models should be improved on the basis of constructive approach.

Une enquête a été réalisée auprès de 100 éleveurs de dromadaires répartis sur les trois zones de la willaya de Ghardaïa. Les informations recueillies ont permis d'élaborer une typologie structurale des systèmes d'élevages pratiqués après analyse statistique. Celle-ci a fait ressortir 5 types d'éleveurs camelins représentant leur diversité. Type 1: représentant 33% de l'effectif des éleveurs enquêtés; ce sont des éleveurs qui possèdent des troupeaux mixtes (camelins, ovins et caprins) avec un faible effectif camelin ou que des troupeaux camelins avec un faible effectif. Type 2: (19% des éleveurs) ces éleveurs possèdent des troupeaux mixtes à dominance cameline. Type 3: (18% des éleveurs) ces éleveurs possèdent des troupeaux mixtes à dominance ovine avec un effectif moyen de camelins. Type 4: (11% des éleveurs) ces éleveurs possèdent des troupeaux d'ovins et camelins seulement. Type 5: (19% des éleveurs) ils possèdent des troupeaux mixtes à dominance ovine et un effectif réduit de camelins. La promotion d'activités durables d'élevage dans le Sud algérien est indispensable pour contribuer à assurer un approvisionnement régulier en protéines animales pour les populations oasiennes.

Source Agritrop Cirad (https://agritrop.cirad.fr/593834/) | International audience | The study focuses on the potential impact of a soil bank on the renewal of pastoral vegetation required by climatic constraints. Soil samples from Saharan grazed ecosystems in Southern Algeria were collected from 6 types of rangelands during 2017 winter and then placed in greenhouse plateaus. Only 31 species germinated, including a larger number of ephemeral species (27) mainly from 4 families on 19: Asteraceae, Poaceae, Brassicaceae and Cariophyllaceae. On the other hand, surface floristic surveys have allowed to inventory 63 species, with a predominance of ephemeral species (36) mainly from 4 families on 22: Asteraceae, Chenopodiaceae, Poaceae and Fabaceae. The ANOVA test shows that there is a trend for a significant difference between the specific richness of the vegetation in place (p = 0.002) and that of the seed bank (p<0.001). The largest number of plants comes from Saharan routes such as wadi beds and depressions and the smallest number comes from salt soil routes. The similarity between the density of the seed banks and the existing vegetation was low (Jaccard index = 0.36) indicating that the seed bank alone would not be enough for the regeneration of all the vegetation. The indices of the highest similarities were attributed to the typical Saharan salt soil (0.25) and wadi beds (0.20). It will therefore also be necessary to preserve the surface vegetation in the form of a seed bank collected in spring, put in tusks, or even nurseries to be able to regenerate it. | L'étude porte sur l'impact potentiel d'une banque du sol sur le renouvellement de la végétation pastorale nécessité par les contraintes climatiques. Des échantillons de sols des écosystèmes pâturés sahariens du Sud algérien ont été prélevés dans 6 types de parcours pendant l'hiver 2017 puis placés dans des plateaux de serre. Seulement 31 espèces ont germé dont un plus grand nombre d'espèces éphémères (27) surtout de 4 familles sur 19: Asteraceae, Poaceae, Brassicaceae et Cariophyllaceae. Par contre, les relevés floristiques en surface ont permis d'inventorier 63 espèces, avec une dominance d'espèces éphémères (36) surtout de 4 familles sur 22: Asteraceae, Chenopodiaceae, Poaceae et Fabaceae. Le test de l'ANOVA montre qu'il y a une tendance pour une différence significative entre la richesse spécifique de la végétation en place (p = 0,002) et celle de la banque de graines (p<0,001). Le plus grand nombre de plantes est issu des parcours sahariens type lits d'oueds et dépressions et le nombre le plus faible provient de parcours de sols salés. La similitude entre la densité des banques de semences et de la végétation en place était faible (indice de Jaccard = 0,36) indiquant que la banque de semences seule ne serait pas suffisante pour la régénération de toute la végétation. Les indices des similarités les plus élevés ont été attribués aux parcours sahariens types sols salés (0,25) et lits d'oueds (0,20). Il faudra donc aussi conserver la végétation de surface sous forme de banque de graines collectées au printemps, mise en défens, ou même pépinières pour pouvoir la régénérer.

Source Agritrop Cirad (https://agritrop.cirad.fr/591016/) | International audience | A survey was conducted to determine the structural typology of animal husbandry in Northern Algeria. One hundred camel breeders spread over the three regions of Ghardaïa province were surveyed. Statistical analysis of the collected data revealed 5 types of camel breeders, classified by the diversity of their herds. Type 1: representing 33% of the breeders surveyed; are breeders who have mixed herds (camels, sheep and goats) with a small camel population or only camels. Type 2: representing 19% of breeders, these breeders have mixed herd dominated by camels. Type 3: representing 18% of breeders, these breeders have mixed herd dominated by sheep, with a moderate number of camels. Type 4: representing 11% of breeders, these breeders own only sheep and camels. Type 5: representing 19% of the breeders, they own mixed herd with ovine dominance and few camels. The promotion of sustainable livestock activities in southern Algeria is essential to help ensure a steady supply of animal protein for the oasis populations. | Une enquête a été réalisée auprès de 100 éleveurs de dromadaires répartis sur les trois zones de la willaya de Ghardaïa. Les informations recueillies ont permis d'élaborer une typologie structurale des systèmes d'élevages pratiqués après analyse statistique. Celle-ci a fait ressortir 5 types d'éleveurs camelins représentant leur diversité. Type 1: représentant 33% de l'effectif des éleveurs enquêtés; ce sont des éleveurs qui possèdent des troupeaux mixtes (camelins, ovins et caprins) avec un faible effectif camelin ou que des troupeaux camelins avec un faible effectif. Type 2: (19% des éleveurs) ces éleveurs possèdent des troupeaux mixtes à dominance cameline. Type 3: (18% des éleveurs) ces éleveurs possèdent des troupeaux mixtes à dominance ovine avec un effectif moyen de camelins. Type 4: (11% des éleveurs) ces éleveurs possèdent des troupeaux d'ovins et camelins seulement. Type 5: (19% des éleveurs) ils possèdent des troupeaux mixtes à dominance ovine et un effectif réduit de camelins. La promotion d'activités durables d'élevage dans le Sud algérien est indispensable pour contribuer à assurer un approvisionnement régulier en protéines animales pour les populations oasiennes.

peer reviewed | Lack of appropriate animal waste management methods in many smallholder farms in the tropics often leads to environmental problems, especially in locations with high population density such as urban and peri-urban areas. On farms integrating pig production to fish farming, manure can be turned into a valuable feed source of high quality protein for fish through housefly larvae and contribute to intensify fish production and reduce cost of fish feed. Three experiments were carried to optimize operating conditions for maggot production on animal wastes and industrial byproducts found in Kinshasa, the capital city of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). The comparisons were: (1) production on pure substrates (manure or brewer’s grains) or mixtures with lysine or blood; (2) exposure time to flies for the insemination of the substrates: and (3) dynamics of larvae production. Mixing brewers’ grains with Lysine or manure and/or blood more than doubled the amount of larvae that were harvested. Brewers’ grains are a good source of energy, but are probably deficient in essential amino acids to support the growth of maggots. It also appears that only the first days of laying eggs are important since no difference was observed between temporary and permanent exposure of the substrates to houseflies. The peak of larvae production was reached 6 days after exposure. The addition of cow blood in increasing doses to a mixture of brewers’ grains and manure linearly increased the production of maggots.