Recognizing the function and pattern of urban network activity in regional areas to identify potentials and assets correctly leads to effectively guiding spatial planning for achieving creative competitiveness and spatial balance at the regional level. The current research attempts to analyze the spatial pattern of activity accumulation and distribution in the urban network of Khuzestan province using a practical and developmental approach, along with a descriptive-analytical method. Activity and employment statistics of 78 urban points in the province, based on data from the Iranian Statistics Center and the regional survey plan of Khuzestan province, have been cited.The results from spatial autocorrelation analysis and the z-score function, as well as the Repilli k function, show that activities related to the agricultural sector have a cluster distribution pattern in the urban network of the province. On the other hand, the activities of the industry and service sectors in the province follow a scattered pattern. Spatial analysis of the activities in the urban network of the province indicates that due to the proximity of cities to each other and the close employment statistics in each of the agricultural, industrial, and service sectors, the northern parts of the province and the southern part (specifically the ports of Imam and Bandar Mahshahr) show the most areas related to hot spots from an activity point of view. Meanwhile, the service function in the urban network of the province, despite having significant employees, exhibits the most cold spots and dispersion, especially in the central areas of the province.

The land-use changes and urban development are among the fundamental topics of spatial planning. Monitoring changes in previous years and predicting these changes in the coming years have a significant role in planning and organizing urban spaces. The purpose of this study was to investigate land-use change and urban development in Ahvaz with a landscaping approach based on balanced urban development. .Images of TM (1989), ETM+ (2002), and OLI (2019) of the Landsat satellite are the basis for analyzing this trend. LCM model was used to identify the past changes, while CA-Markov chain model was applied to predict the future changes. These images were classified using a support vector machine algorithm of the object-oriented method, and the land-use maps were prepared using three sensors with four classes of vegetation, barren areas, constructed areas, and water zones. The accuracy of maps was improved separately using NDVI and SAVI indexes in the classification of the images. The efficiency of the indexes was measure by kappa coefficients and the overall accuracy of land-use maps, and then changes were investigated using maps related to the superior index. The results showed that maps related to the SAVI index were more accurate and accordingly, they were used in assessing land-use changes. The LCM model showed that in the periods 1989-2002 and 2002-2019, 2602.92 hectares and 31174.77 hectares were added to the built areas, respectively. In both periods, the most changes were about converting barren lands to built-up areas and the least changes were related to the transformation of the built-up areas to water areas. The results of the CA-Markov model until 2029 showed the continuity of the increasing trend of built-up areas, such that in ten years, 2238.82 hectares will be added to the built-up areas, and it is anticipated that the area will reach approximately 12345.63 hectares by 2029.

One of the important aspects of development from the spatial perspective is the evaluation of the effective long-term processes on the institutional mechanisms of a land and the determination of share of the respective areas in this regard. For many years, economy has been hurriedly moving toward a knowledge-based stance, and the countries that have neglected this movement have been deprived of fundamental developments. In this applied study, which adopts an analytical approach and a quantitative view, the necessity of the proposition of a strategic attitude to the two-way relationship between higher education and the industry sector of Iran is addressed. To this end, first an overview of the previous studies and theoretical principles are made. Then, following the questions and hypotheses and determining the evaluation and analysis methods, the detailed information on over 11 variables (including panel data of 31 provinces of Iran from 2016 to 2019) are collected. These are then analyzed and tested using Excel, Eviews, and Arc GIS through spatial econometrics, generalized method of moments (GMM), weight matrix and geographic-spatial correlation (λ), and KP-HET diagnostic tests. According to the results, the spatial correlation between higher education and industry in Iran is highly significant, and the shock resulting from the industrial and educational development is completely mutual. That is to say, the shock inflicted upon a given province has spread to other provinces of Iran. The findings of this study confirm the effects of the emphasis on the centralization policy stereotype and the prescriptive – rather than land-use-based – roles given to certain parts of Iran. In fact, the very high spatial correlation demonstrates that the nine less-developed provinces of Iran have experienced trivial industrial growth due to a lack of higher education infrastructure. On the other hand, the results of this study shows how the market demand for labor of the university graduates is aligned with the functions of the knowledge-based industries of Iran.

Studies on spatial planning in Iranian history has experienced more than seven decades of programming, But has never been implemented and a firm determination for its operation has not been seen so far. This is an applied and developmental research, descriptive and analytical in method. research and data collection has been made through questionnaires and Delphi techniques. In this study, using cross-impact analysis and cross-impact matrix software to perform complex calculations were performed MICMAC. The results showed ,effective factors on implementation of spatial planning; Tehran province is regional political polarization, Tehran as a development pole in this province and being placed on the west to east and north to south corridors and the necessity of the province interaction with neighbor regions was determined and suitable solutions to overcome barriers in the way of implementing spatial planning in Tehran province, have been suggested in this study.

Spatial planning concept refers to alignment and arrangement of relationship between people, space and activities at different geographical scales with emphasis on the role of decision-making and decision-taking. Objective of this research is investigating the spatial distribution and localization of therapeutic land use (important hospitals) of Mashhad city with passive defense approach. Although, emphasis is on passive defense approach, however, because it is closely tied to the issue of spatial planning (especially in urban scale), the findings of the study can also be effective in spatial planning and urban planning. Study area is city of Mashhad that with regard to the diversity of therapeutic spaces, major city hospitals were selected for final consideration. Research methodology is descriptive - analysis method. Findings of Research indicate that the main part of important hospitals in Mashhad have been concentrated in the central part of the city. These regions located in areas of high risk in terms of passive defense. Imbalance between density population and spatial distribution of hospitals in urban areas is strongly noticeable. Finally, with attention to investigations and results, some suggestions for reduction hazards of therapeutic spaces in times of crisis offered.

Land use planning in border cities is a national problem and a national problem can not be solved with some minor attitudes. National problems that require national commitment and wisdom. In this study, the trends in land use planning and development in border cities with ANP method of sub-criteria and multi-criteria decision making approach to prioritize development and to identify spatial planning in border areas.it would be prioritized treatment spatial land use programs in two levels of criteria. spatial planning criteria (4 criteria or objective) and sub criteria (9 sub criteria with 30 indicators) with respect to the environment and the regional border city of East Azarbaijan Province was selected. The result of computation network analysis among several approaches of East Azarbaijan in first stage is determine economic Development approaches with sub criteria facilities and infrastructure, health, transportation and communications, economic activities and environmental, and second stage is develop diplomatic relations and national security and third stage is cultural and social development.

At the beginning of the twentieth century, most countries in response to the complexities and problems of urbanization began their first actions of spatial planning. Switzerland is not excluded from this list and started spatial planning acts from the lowest level and today, after more than a century, is continuing with emphasis on spatial planning principles of sustainability, public and private partnerships and using extensive modeling and simulation techniques and progress. The purpose of this article is to introduce spatial planning system in this country, and consists of three main sections: the first section is a brief introduction on the political, geographical, economical and social situations. In the second section, it examines the background, and difficulties of spatial planning system and section three has put forth some conclusions. Swiss spatial planning system is done in three levels: Confederation, Canton and Communes with emphasis on vertical and horizontal corporation at different levels of planning and autonomy of Cantons.

The main purpose of this study was modeling the suitability of recreational services in order to identify the high-priority areas for the development of recreational activities. To identify the spatial patterns of recreational services, the landscape attractiveness index, visit rate estimation, and access distribution were combined using a set of sub-indices. Moreover, the weight of each index was calculated using CRITIC weighting method and the importance of each index in the formation of recreational services spatial suitability was determined. The results showed that the presentation of highly recreational services is mainly done in the areas with forest ecosystems, protected areas, and aquatic ecosystems such as rivers and wetlands that have diverse landscapes. On the contrary, urban and human-built areas have the least potential for the provision of recreational services. Getis-Ord Gi* statistic was used to model the recreational suitability, identify recreational suitability clusters, and zoning. With its very low suitability, Zone 1 covers 19.9 percent of the area under study. This zone is mainly filled with agricultural lands (54.7%), grasslands (36.1%), and urban lands (6.8%). In contrast, with its very high recreational suitability, Zone 5 covers 16.5 percent of the area under study. The main uses of the lands in this zone are forest lands (55.5%) and aquatic layers including rivers and wetlands (17.2%).  Zone 3, which has an average suitability rate, covers more than half of the area under study. The approach presented in this study helps identify the development priorities in the light of the recreational potentials of the ecosystems existing in an area. Thus, it can be used to improve the spatial planning of recreation and tourism in order to preserve ecosystem services and sustainable use of them.

The topic of climate change and the dangers that lie ahead is part of the debate in land management. The dynamics of global change and the sovereign approach of global governments have opened new perspectives on land management issues. One of the hidden challenges in this regard is the increasing risk of the occurrence of floods. The purpose of this study was to undertake metric or measurement model as a spatial basis unit to predict flood occurrence. In the present article, in line with using MikeUrban 2019 software, a wide range of tools and quantitative processing steps were used in accordance with the research objectives. In order to predict floods, the past incident factors were studied, namely a review of the principles and operational indicators related to each parcel using the OLI sensor images of Landsat 8 satellite in the year 2020 through the integrated interpretation method and an examination of the basic map of Ilam city in wet seasons (autumn, winter, and spring). Then, the city coverage map was prepared in two uses, i.e., False Color (Urban) and Land / Water. Next, Google Earth images were used to determine the accuracy and precision of the coverage maps. By combining four selected measures with the highest spatial correlation in 50 random points of the city, hexagonal measures with optimal areas were selected and spatial patterns were analyzed. According to the results, in the actual event (1), eight spatial measures with an area of ​​68 hectares and coverage of 1.5% of the entire city are at risk of flood. In events 0.8 and 0.9, 19 measures with an area of ​​170 hectares, 3.6% of the land use coverage of the area, are at potential risk. While there is a high correlation between flood event and type of measure, amount and direction of slope, as well as density and width of road network on one side and drainage network on the other side, in high events (1-8), 28 measures in the residential uses in the detailed design scale with an area of ​​76.5 hectares, barren and enclosed uses with an area of 70.55 hectares, roads network with an area of 29.75 hectares, and parks and green spaces with 17 hectares were identified as the uses targeted by the flood danger. Among all risky user groups, 29.5% were identified in the newly built group, 44.5% in the maintainable group, and 18% in the decayed urban environment group.

Iran needs population growth in order to achieve high weight in the region and world as well as to obviate peripheral threats. Iran's area is so vast that it can accommodate more population than the current population. The country having population density of 46 individuals per square kilometer ranks 162 in the world. However, quality and efficacy are necessary for a population to lead high weight. Therefore, it has been attempted in this research to explain necessity of population growth of the country geographically; and to study optimization of indices for these changes and policy making in order to lead the changes in the framework of the land preparation plans. The research questions are: Which indices are considered as priority from the view point of the land preparation, concerning the population growth; and which areas and provinces are more apt to accommodate more population? General purpose of this study is to consider crucial land preparation indices in population growth policy and to prioritize provinces based on the indices. The research method is descriptive-analytical.