One of the new problems is paying attention to environmental planning for sustainable exploitation of land resources and prevention of environmental issues that have been considered by researchers and managers recently. As much as this planning is based on objective facts and potentialities, achieving predetermined goals becomes more feasible. On the other hand, environmental planning tools have tended to achieve local-scale plans to reach more sustainable cities and townships. In this paper, local-scale development planning has investigated in Shandiz district located at Torghabeh-Shandiz city. The planning of the Shandiz district has carried out using the analytical process consisted of three stages of environmental planning and using the Geographic Information System (GIS). The first stage involves understanding the capabilities and potentials of the study area through the study of the current status. Issues, facilities, and constraints associating to each section are categorized and prioritized in the second stage. The third step involves drawing a vision, organizing the general goals, and defining the objectives. Regard to the priority of the studied factors, it was proposed spatial solutions in environmental units. Finally, physical-spatial development plans were developed to guide the regional changes according to the natural and man-made constraints and potentials.

Identifying tourism attractions is a basic requirement in the local and national community toward balanced and harmonious development of land potential. This study aimed to evaluate the tourism attractions of Gharahsoo watershed in Golestan province, northeast of Iran, based on the impact and effectiveness of environmental criteria. After determination of criteria and preparation of layers, criteria analysis was done based on the impacts and effectiveness of the criteria using DEMATEL method. Entropy Shannon method was used for weighting criteria. Finally, the spatial analysis was done by employing the TOPSIS method. The results showed that landform and plant density, in terms of the impact, and access to facilities, in terms of the effectiveness, have priority over the other criteria. Also, the criteria weighting results showed that the criteria access to facilities, landform and plant density with the value 0.229, 0.147 and 0.123 are a priority to the other criteria, respectively. Finally, the results showed that, in terms of tourism attractions, the areas of the southern of Gharahsoo watershed are in suitable conditions and the rest of the area, especially the northern parts, has unsuitable conditions.

Much quantitative research (and some qualitative cases) has been done on the role of small- and medium-sized cities in regional development. The present article is also in this line, but with a slight change in the structure of the breakdown in the approach to the subject and the analysis of the problem, and the multi-faceted analysis of the data using the Fuzzy Inference System. The purpose of this research, with regard to the title, is developmental-applicable and has a descriptive-analytical approach. The FIS application and increasing approach has four stages (in general): its Database and Fuzzification; the rules base; the engine; and the Defuzzification. In the glimpse (Knowledge Base), regional development indicators (10 indicators) and variables (more than 70 variables) in four pillars of regional development (economic, physical, infrastructure and human development) for the small- and middle-sized cities of Kurdistan province (9 cities of the city centers Except for Saravabad) were selected and mapped in 2006 and 2016, and then a detailed analysis of the process was performed on the data. The final result of this paper is that although fluctuations in the development of the inland region of the province have been observed, regional development changes (relying on economic indicators) have been consistent with changes in the urban hierarchy (demographic projections). Thus, with the decline of concentration and concentration in Sanandaj, we see an increase in the role of small- and middle-sized towns in the urban-regional development of the province.

Studies on spatial planning in Iranian history has experienced more than seven decades of programming, But has never been implemented and a firm determination for its operation has not been seen so far. This is an applied and developmental research, descriptive and analytical in method. research and data collection has been made through questionnaires and Delphi techniques. In this study, using cross-impact analysis and cross-impact matrix software to perform complex calculations were performed MICMAC. The results showed ,effective factors on implementation of spatial planning; Tehran province is regional political polarization, Tehran as a development pole in this province and being placed on the west to east and north to south corridors and the necessity of the province interaction with neighbor regions was determined and suitable solutions to overcome barriers in the way of implementing spatial planning in Tehran province, have been suggested in this study.

Land cover always has changed due to human activities and natural phenomena,. Intensive and variety of these changes in urban environments are more than others. The objective of this research was assessment of the temporal and spatial changes for two coastal cities (Chalus and Babolsar) and two non-coastal cities (Ghaemshahr and Amol) in Mazandaran province with the view to compactness, complexity and centrality of urban form using landscape metrics. The research methodology was a quantify method and the land use maps were produced in three classes (urban, cropland and water) by maximum likelihood classificationusing Landsat satellite images. For landscape change analysis 12 landscape metrics were used in the class and landscape level. The results show that the NP for cropland in four cities increased, which represent fragmentation, loss of continuity and interference in cropland. Additionally, increasing trend of number of patches was observed in two cities Ghaemshahr and Babolsar in landscape level that showed fragmented structure in these cities. Also, ENN-MN decreased only for Ghaemshahr that means high centralization was occurred in this city. Generally, the significant difference was not observed between coastal and non-coastal cities with the view to compactness and complexity.

Landscape fragmentation, due to the roads construction, urban infrastructure development and other land uses, seems to be in result of the loss of habitat in protected areas. Indeed, Landscape fragmentation causes a huge negative impact on wildlife, including important species. In result, the monitoring and management of protected areas, through the landscape ecology and quantification of fragmentation, will be so applicable. This research aims to quantify the landscape fragmentation in Kolah Ghazy national Park and wildlife refuge. To achieve this purpose, RS and GIS techniques were used to extract land uses in studied area and then landscape fragmentation was quantified using landscape metrics (CA, CAP, TE, MSI, NP, MPS and MNN) in class level. The results cleared that rich rangeland patches have been more integrated, but the incompatible land uses, such as mining, agriculture and urban infrastructure development make these patches to be more far away from each other, so, reduction of incompatible land uses is recommended in the region.

Planners always face a set of spatial conflicts in allocation of land to a particular activity; this implies that a land may be used for two or more parallel applications. Currently in Town and Country Planning programs recognizing priorities in the land allocation process are modeled independently without considering the role of other land uses, and as potential land-use conflicts are an issue that has been ignored. The purpose of this study is to introduce and use the LUCIS model to identify land allocation priorities along with conflict modeling. To implement the model, with using the Python programming language an ArcGIS toolbox has been developed. Due to the developed system, defining inputs, weights and stakeholder priorities, land use modeling will be done automatically. Finally, priorities and also major conflicts in the study area have been identified. Results of this study show that, in addition to having the capabilities of other models in land suitability analysis, LUCIS can properly model existing conflicts. Therefore, it is recommended that a separate part under title "Identification of land suitability conflicts"  be specified in the descriptive setting of Town and Country Planning programs.

The process of proposing solutions to solve the problems of the capital, after undergoing different stages has reached to the law of feasibility study of transmission of the political center of the country and reorganization and decentralization of Tehran. The aim of this study is to address Article one of this law, and offering reorganization and decentralization pattern. The research method is descriptive and analytical and it is an applied research. Data collection was conducted by documents, and survey research. The results suggest that we should discard the first part of this law and replace it with the reorganization and decentralization solutions. Also the results indicate that items including lack of strict enforcement of existing laws, point-wise look to Tehran and not considering the urban area as a whole, lack of attention to the problematic aspects of centralization (economic aspects), lack of simultaneous development of organization and decentralization policies have all weakened the organization and decentralization policies to some extent. In this regard, the list of strategies were derived from literature review extracted and were screened using the Delphi method. Finally, 30 key strategies in the template of reorganization and decentralization pattern of Tehran was approved by Delphi panel members.

Spatial justice with scientific and humanitarian teachings, cause the weaknesses and strengths in different areas. Since most of the allocation and distribution of national and regional resources in the country through focused planning, The present study is an analysis of spatial justice of rural services in the Isfahan province. The research method is descriptive and analytic. The required data were collected through documents. This study, using the 8 Rural Services measures consists of 77 variables was performed. Data were analyzed using SPSS and Excel. Validity of measures confirms using factor analysis and then used as input to numerical taxonomy technic. The obtained results using the GIS software were designed as a map and charts. In this research counties were divided into three groups in terms of distribution of rural services. The results indicated that there is inequality in the distribution of services and showed that rural services are not distributed fairly in the counties of Isfahan province. In other words, in the sparsely populated areas, focused service centers and in more densely populated areas, the lack of service evident. And for rural service delivery in the Isfahan province not pay any attention to important factors such as population.

Tourism is an important tool for development in the world. Many countries attention to their policies and programs, to continue the development of Tourism as an effective tool in political, cultural and economic developments. This study discusses the identification of key factors believable and optimal future in the future of Hamadan province's regional tourism. The study, in terms of functional purpose, In terms of type, combination of documentary and survey methods, In terms of nature, Based on new methods of futures studies, analysis and discoveries which uses a combination of quantitative and qualitative models has been done. Given the importance of this research, In this study, Structural Analysis, methods, Scenario Planning and Delphi have been used. The results showed that 14 key factor impressive the future of tourism development in Hamadan province. These factors based on a scenario analysis lead to 41 possible statuses. After analyzing the probable scenarios, 4111 scenarios with low probability, 14 believable scenario and 5 scenarios with high probability in the development of tourism in the Hamadan province were identified. Finally, Article provides strategies for the Hamadan province's tourism development.