The province of Istanbul, Şile District has a very advantageous position for beekeeping in terms of its geographical structure and vegetation. The main purpose of this research is to reveal some general characteristics of the beekeeping producers in the Şile District of Istanbul, to evaluate the use of chemicals, and to determine the problems in the production stages. In this evaluation on beekeeping activities, the data obtained through the questionnaire applied to 69 beekeepers in 36 villages in Şile Region were used. With the questions asked in this survey study, detailed data were obtained on many subjects such as the education status of the producers, their experiences, bee colony assets, honey yields, and diseases and pests control. The issues in beekeeping activities are discussed as education, queen production or supply, diseases and pests control. It has been found that the winter colony losses are quite high and the productivity is quite low in the region.

Beekeeping, which can be established with little capital and can provide strong economic returns, is one of the important branches of animal husbandry. Beekeeping has an important place in Yozgat's agricultural sector with 411 enterprises. At the end of 2019, there are a total of 29,370 beehives in Yozgat. Honey production has been less than the general of Turkey according to the presence of hive. Achieving more efficient production is possible by identifying the problems in the current production. With this study, it was determined the technical and socio-cultural structures of the existing beekeeping enterprises in Yozgat city center and its districts through a survey study. For this purpose, information about the enterprises was obtained from the Yozgat Provincial Directorate of Agriculture and Forestry and the Yozgat Beekeepers' Association. A sample of 135 beekeepers was created by examining the data of a total of 411 beekeepers. The survey was conducted with these selected beekeepers. According to the findings, a statistically significant difference was found between beekeeper groups in terms of experience of breeders, ownership of land and honey yield. Therefore, it can be said that the scale of the enterprise has grown in parallel with the increase in the experience of the breeders. Similarly, property land assets increase according to the scale of the enterprise. On the other hand, it is observed that honey yield decreases with the increase in scale in beekeeping enterprises. This means that the efficiency of the enterprises in Yozgat province decreases with the scale growth.

According to FAOSTAT 2017 data, Turkey located ranks second after China in terms of world honey production and ranks third in terms of the number of colonies. According to Turkish Statistical Institute (TURKSTAT) 2018 data, Turkey had 7.904.502 colonies and total honey production of 107.920 tons while the average honey yield was calculated 13.7 kg per colony. It is economically important that informing to beekeepers and policymakers the expected change in the number of colonies and honey yield in the next years. This study aims to estimate the production values for the next 5 years by using the number of colonies and honey yields of the past years. For this purpose, the next five years (2019-2023) forecast has been made by using data from the last 50 years (1969-2018). ARIMA (1,1,0) first-degree autoregressive time series model was used for the number of colonies and honey yields from the data obtained from TURKSTAT and FAOSTAT. SPSS package program was used for forecasting. According to the results, compared to 2018 an increase of 1.3% and 7.4% is expected in the number of colonies between 2019 and 2023. In addition, the honey yield is expected to increase between 2.77% and 3.12% compared to 2018. It seems that increasing the number of colonies and expecting a less increase in honey yield per colony will increase the production costs in the next years. Hence, consumers will consume honey and honeybee products at a higher price. It can be suggested that, beekeepers should take care about increasing the number of colonies as well as increase the honey yield per colony to beekeeping economy, consumers and the economy of the country.