This research was performed to determine the effects of different sowing times (ST1, ST2, and ST3) and biostimulant (Pi-NFS) doses (0, 100, 250, 500 ml da-1) on seed yield components of Italian ryegrass ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.) in the continental condition of Eskişehir, Turkey. The results indicated that the main factors significantly affected the seed yield components except for the effect of sowing time on plant height, however, the interaction effect of these factors was significant only on the number of the reproductive tillers and seed yield. There was no significant difference between the ST1 and ST2 in terms of the number of the reproductive tillers, thousand seed weight, and seed yield. Likewise, the values of these components did not differ significantly in the doses of 250 and 500 ml da-1. The highest seed yield was derived from the dose of 500 ml da-1 at ST2 and the values obtained from the doses of 250 and 500 ml da-1 at the ST1 were in the high seed yield group. It was concluded that early sowing time and the doses of 250 to 500 ml da-1 biostimulant application resulted in high seed yield in Italian grass. On the other hand, the dose of 500 ml was more effective in case of delayed sowing time like ST2.

This study aimed to evaluate the impact of varying doses of Zeatin, Kinetin, and Gibberellic Acid biostimulants on the growth and biochemical parameters of Mentha piperita L. Conducted in a greenhouse with three replications using a "Completely Randomized Experimental Design" design, the experiment assessed seedling and root lengths, fresh and dry weights of seedlings and roots, total phenolic content, and antioxidant activity (CUPRAC and FRAP). The results revealed that biostimulant applications significantly increased all growth and biochemical parameters compared to the control. Gibberellic acid at 200 mg/l produced the longest seedlings, while Kinetin at 50 mg/l resulted in the longest roots. The highest antioxidant activity (FRAP) and total phenolic content were observed with the 40 mg/l dose of Zeatin.

The present study investigated the effects of two different zeolite applications and different nitrogen-based fertilizers on chickpea’s yield and yield components in dry and irrigated conditions. The field experiment was conducted during 2019 and 2020 in the experimental area of the Faculty of Agriculture, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Türkiye. The experimental design was a split-split plot with four replicates. The main plots were grown under dry-irrigated conditions. At the same time, subplots received zeolite applications (zeolite+- zeolite-), and sub-sub plots received nitrogen applications [control, traditional, chemical, farmyard manure, and Isabion, (an animal collagen-derived biostimulant)]. The experiment found that irrigation caused a delay in phenological characters but had a favorable impact on morphological characters and yield. The effect of zeolite applications was different in the first and second years of the experiments for the investigated characters. In the first year, the application of zeolite had a significant impact on grain yield, but there was no discernible effect in the second year. The experiment demonstrated that both chemical fertilizer and farmyard manure positively impacted phenological and morphological characteristics. In both years, the farmyard manure plots produced the highest grain yield. Farmers in Türkiye are advised to apply nitrogen to their crops as the profitability of chickpeas has risen in recent years. If the high cost of farmyard manure renders its use impracticable, farmers can opt for chemical fertilizer as an alternative.

Biostimulants have been used in recent years as innovative approaches to stabilize or increase the yield and quality of plants under abiotic stress conditions. Seaweeds, one of the biostimulants, have been used in many cultivated plants and favorable results have been obtained in terms of yield, quality and elemental composition of plant nutrients. Although it is known that safflower plant is sensitive to salt during emergence and germination period, salt and seaweed applications have not been investigated on this plant before. It was aimed to examine the tolerance mechanisms of seaweed applications in safflower plant under salinity stress in terms of some morphological parameters and elemental composition of plant nutrients. The five different doses of salt treatment (0 mM NaCl-distilled water as control, 50 mM, 100 mM, 150 mM, 200 mM) and four different doses of Ascophyllum nodosum seaweed extract (0 g L-1 - distilled water as control, 2 g L-1, 4 g L-1, 6 g L-1) were used as the treatment groups in this study conducted in the climate chamber under controlled conditions. When the figures obtained from safflower plants treated with seaweed in terms of growth parameters were evaluated; root and shoot length, fresh root and shoot weights, dry root and shoot weights generally increased with increasing doses, while relative water content decreased. As salinity stress increased, decreases were generally recorded in all growth parameters obtained. Improved elemental composition of plant nutrients both shoot and root were also observed with seaweed extract applications. In particular, K and Mg in shoot, Ca, Cu and Mg in root increased with increasing seaweed applications. The findings obtained from the study show that seaweed is a promising agricultural application on growth parameters and elemental composition of plant nutrients and reduces the negative effects of salinity stress on safflower plant.