Proteins consumed by poultry turns into ammonia as a result of microbial activities depending on the pH, temperature, moisture content of the litter, litter type, manure condition, relative humidity and ventilation condition and spreads to the environment as ammonia gas. Ammonia gas, which is one of the problems caused by poultry breeding, is a harmful gas in terms of animal welfare, health of employees and its effects on the environment. In this article, ammonia gas emission in poultry and practices to reduce this emission have been discussed and recommendations have been made.

Sweet sorghum, which is one of the bioethanol sources, has been increasing in importance in recent years. It is used in the production of bioethanol due to the high content of sugar in it. This study were carried out at Ege University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Field Crops, Izmir/Turkey on the experimental fields, two-factor coincidence plots were carried out in the form of a three-repeated potting experiment according to the trial pattern during the summer growth seasons of 2013 and 2014. Effects of different nitrogen (0, 50, 100, 150, 200 N ha-1) and potassium (0, 50, 100, 150 kg K2O ha-1) levels of on ethanol yield of sweet sorghum were investigated, in the experiment. In the study, some traits were investigated such as plant height, dry matter yield, silage pH, crude protein content. The results of the experiment revealed significant effect of different N and K levels on growth, yield and some silage quality parameters. Increasing N and K levels increased plant height, dry matter yield, crude protein content and silage pH compared to the control (N0-K0) treatment. It is concluded that sweet sorghum crop performed better in N150-K100 level and hence recommended for further studies to authenticate higher forage yield and quality in the agroclimatic conditions of Izmir.

Domateste bakteriyel kanser ve solgunluk hastalığı ekonomik boyutta bitki gelişimini ve verimini sınırlandıran önemli bir hastalıktır. Hastalığa dayanıklı ticari çeşit bulunmaması ve kimyasal mücadelenin yetersiz olması nedeniyle mücadelesi oldukça zordur. Bu çalışmanın amaçları (1) domates bitkilerinden farklı yıllarda elde edilen Cmm izolatlarının klasik ve moleküler yöntemlerle tanısını yapmak, (2) domates bakteriyel kanser ve solgunluk hastalığına karşı farklı nitrifikasyon inhibitörlü gübrelerin hastalık gelişimi üzerine etkisini incelemektir.Elde edilen sekiz adet izolat Mirabilis jalapa yapraklarında aşırı duyarlılık, domates fidelerinde patojenite özelliği ve agaroz jelde 614 bp bant oluşturarak Cmm olarak tanılanmışlardır. Saksı denemeleri şeklinde yürütülen bu çalışmada karşılaştırma olarak azot inhibitörsüz normal amonyum sülfat ile yavaş salınım özelliğine sahip disiyandiamid (DCD) ve 3,5 dimetilpirazolyum gliseroborat (DMPB) azot inhibitörlü amonyum sülfat gübreleri kullanılmıştır. Denemede gübrelerin 100, 250 ve 500 ppm dozları bitkilere sulama suyu şeklinde birer hafta arayla üç kez uygulanmış ve uygulanan gübrelerin etkinliği, pozitif kontrol grubundaki bitkilerle kıyaslanarak belirlenmiştir. İki kez tekrarlanan çalışmada, birinci denemede gübreler hastalık gelişimini %42-78 oranları arasında, ikinci denemede ise %44-82 oranları arasında engellemiştir. Her iki denemede inhibitörlü ve inhibitörsüz gübrelerin 500 ppm dozları hastalığı baskılamada en etkili uygulamalar olmuştur. Bu çalışma azot inhibitörlü gübrelerin bakteriyel kanser ve solgunluk hastalığı üzerine etkisini ortaya koyan ilk çalışmadır. Sonuç olarak, domates bakteriyel kanser ve solgunluk hastalığı ile entegre mücadele programlarına inhibitörlü gübrelerin de eklenmesi faydalı olacaktır.

This research was conducted with durum wheat variety (Alatay) at farmer conditions in Bozova district of Şanlıurfa province in 2018-19 and 2019-20 growing season according to a randomized complete block design with three replications. This study was conducted to determine the effect of dividing the top fertilizer in different development periods of wheat on grain yield and some yield factors (plant height, spike length, number of grains per spike, grain weight per spike) in order to struggle the drought experienced due to global warming in the world and in our country. According to the research results, it was determined that grain yield, plant height, spike length, number of grains per spike, weight of grains per spike ranged from 347.50-648.33 kg/da, 78.16-98.33 cm, 6.28-6.91 cm, 32.00 number/spike and 64.16 number/spike 2.47 gr/spike and 2.77 gr/spike respectively. The aim of the experiment is to determine how the top-dressing is divided and how the plant benefits from the moisture and nitrogen fertilizer in the soil and how it affects the grain yield and yield components of the plant.

In the province of Tokat Turkey has an important place in terms of agricultural fertilizers and manure in order to demonstrate the environmentally conscious manufacturer 88 were interviewed. It was observed that the producers interviewed within the scope of the research are in the age range of active working age and have a socio-economic structure that makes a living from agricultural income. Factors such as age / education have a great impact on the economic structure as well as on production. Since income will be the biggest indicator of the economic structure, the income status of the producers has been investigated. Annual average agricultural income of producers is 22,311.36 TL, while non-agricultural income is calculated as 24,886.32 TL. Thus, it can be said that the average annual income of the producers is 47,197.68 TL. Here is what producers think about the residue after using the fertilizer; 48.86% of them thought that there would be manure residues and that it would have a negative impact on the environment, 43.18% of the manure would accumulate in the soil and underground water sources, 15.91% of the manure would be washed away in various ways, 11.36% had no idea about the manure residue and 6.82% that some fertilizers will leave residue in the soil. When the econometric relationship between the type of producer (the producer who only farms and works in non-agricultural insured work) and the idea that the fertilizer will accumulate in the soil and groundwater resources, it was determined that there is a significant and positive relationship. In other words, it can be said that producers have knowledge about the factors that cause environmental pollution. However, it continues to fertilize unconsciously without thinking that environmental pollution will harm them over time. This result once again highlights the importance of the training need.

Buğday özellikle insanların beslenmesinde büyük rol üstlenmiştir. Yetiştirilmesi son derece zahmetsiz olsada yapılan araştırmalar, iklim değişikliğinden buğdayında olumsuz etkileneceğini ortaya koymuştur. Anadolu’da buğday ekili alanlarda verim ve kaliteyi arttırmak için gübreleme yapılmaktadır. Gübreleme yapılırken uygulanan miktara, uygulama zamanına ve gübre türüne dikkat edilmesi gerekir. Kontrolsüz yapılan gübreleme toprağa ve çevreye zarar vermektedir. Toprağı verimsiz hale getirirken, atmosferede sera gazı salınımına neden olacaktır. Bu durum ise buğday üretiminde ki karbon ayak izinin artmasına neden olacaktır. Yaptığımız bu çalışma da buğday üretimi yapılırken çiftçiler tarafından kullanılan gübrelerin, kullanım miktarına bağlı olarak ürettiği karbon ayak izini hesapladık.