Nitrogen losses in agricultural areas cause environmental pollution. At the same time, it reduces the yield in crop production. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of zeolite and nitrogen applications on the development of maize plant. Another aim is to reveal nitrate changes in soil. Everest maize variety was used in the study. Zeolite doses of 0, 125, 250 and 500 kg/da were applied to the soil. Nitrogen doses were applied to the soil at 5, 10, 15 and 20 kg/da. In this study, zeolite and nitrogen applications increased the plant height, cob weight and green forage yield of maize plant statistically. The highest green weed yield was 6563 kg/da in Z3N3 application and the lowest green forage yield was 4021 kg/da in Z0N0 application. Increased nitrogen doses increased the amount of nitrate in soil by significantly 1% and zeolite applications increased by significantly 5%. The results of this study would be beneficial in the application of zeolite to the soil in order to reduce nitrogen losses and to make the plant benefit more from nitrogen.

Bu araştırma, farklı azot kaynakları ile yapılan ilave yaprak gübrelemesinin marul (Lactuca sativa L.)’da verim ve nitrat birikimi üzerine etkisini belirlemek amacı ile tarla koşullarında yürütülmüştür. Bitkisel materyal olarak bir adet yaz sıcaklarına dayanıklı kıvırcık marul (cv. ‘Bohemia F1’) çeşidi, yaprak uygulaması olarak da üre (CO(NH2)2), potasyum nitrat (KNO3) ve kalsiyum nitrat (Ca(NO3)2)’ın %0,4, %0,6 ve %0,8’lik dozları kullanılarak yaprak gübrelemesi yapılmıştır. Yaprakta toplam azot değerleri %2,20 (KNO3 %0.4) ile %3,00 (Üre %0,8) arasında değişmiştir. En yüksek nitrat birikimi 2610 mg kg-1 ile Ca(NO3)2’ın %0,8’lik uygulamasında belirlenirken, en düşük nitrat birikimi ise 2070 mg kg-1 ile sadece taban gübrelemesi (NH4NO3) yapılan parselde tespit edilmiştir. Farklı azot kaynakları ile yapılan ilave yaprak gübrelemesi sonucunda marulda en yüksek verim değerleri sırasıyla 4926 kg da-1 (Üre %0,6), 4787 kg da-1 (Üre %0,8) ve 4719 kg da-1 (Ca(NO3)2 %0,6) olarak tespit edilmiştir. Ancak, diğer girdilerin eşit olduğu araştırmada; gübre masraflarını dikkate alındığında karlılık analizinde ilk üç sıra diğer gübrelere göre düşük maliyetinden dolayı, ürenin farklı dozları ile yapılan ilave yaprak gübrelemesinde tespit edilmiştir. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre; karlılık oranları da göz önüne alındığında üre (%0,6) ile yapılan uygulamaların hem yüksek verim hem de yüksek kar elde etmek için daha uygun ve önerilebilir ilave yaprak gübrelemesi olduğu açık bir şekilde söylenebilir.

In the province of Tokat Turkey has an important place in terms of agricultural fertilizers and manure in order to demonstrate the environmentally conscious manufacturer 88 were interviewed. It was observed that the producers interviewed within the scope of the research are in the age range of active working age and have a socio-economic structure that makes a living from agricultural income. Factors such as age / education have a great impact on the economic structure as well as on production. Since income will be the biggest indicator of the economic structure, the income status of the producers has been investigated. Annual average agricultural income of producers is 22,311.36 TL, while non-agricultural income is calculated as 24,886.32 TL. Thus, it can be said that the average annual income of the producers is 47,197.68 TL. Here is what producers think about the residue after using the fertilizer; 48.86% of them thought that there would be manure residues and that it would have a negative impact on the environment, 43.18% of the manure would accumulate in the soil and underground water sources, 15.91% of the manure would be washed away in various ways, 11.36% had no idea about the manure residue and 6.82% that some fertilizers will leave residue in the soil. When the econometric relationship between the type of producer (the producer who only farms and works in non-agricultural insured work) and the idea that the fertilizer will accumulate in the soil and groundwater resources, it was determined that there is a significant and positive relationship. In other words, it can be said that producers have knowledge about the factors that cause environmental pollution. However, it continues to fertilize unconsciously without thinking that environmental pollution will harm them over time. This result once again highlights the importance of the training need.

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of vermicompost application on the growth of pepper seedlings. Fertilizer doses and application time applied to plants are among the most important factors affecting seedling quality in seedling production. Vermicompost products have many advantages from plant development to soil regulating effects, antioxidant effect and the use of all kinds of wastes (plant, animal, industrial, etc.) in production. Seedling mortar (70% peat and 30% perlite), which was constituted in the study, constituted the control group of the study. Pepper seedlings were grown by adding different doses of vermicompost (5, 10, 20%) to this control group. The properties of the vermicompost used were pH: 7.5, EC: 2.15 dS m-1, C / N: 18.71, organic matter: 64%, N: 1.25%, K2O: 1.02%, P2O5: 0.55 %). In the study, full fertilizer (EC: 1) dose and semi fertilizer (EC: 2) dose were applied in fertilization. Köylüm pepper varieties was used in the study. Total output rate (%), stem length (cm), stem diameter (mm), number of leaves (number), stem length (cm), wet and dry leaf weight (g), wet and dry body weight (g), wet and dry root weight (g) properties were determined. According to the control group, 10 and 20% vermicompost application of pepper seedlings wet weight, dry body weights and wet and dry root dry weights were statistically increased. The first emergence of plant seedlings and their marketable times were withdrawn early by vermicompost application. At the end of the study, it was determined that some of the properties examined with vermicompost application to control mortar increased. Vermicompost application showed good performance in working as an organic fertilizer that can be mixed with peat and perlite mixture.

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Narince üzüm çeşidine (Vitis Vinifera L) üç farklı form (amonyum nitrat, amonyum sülfat, üre) ve 4 farklı dozda (kontrol, 5, 10 ve 15 kg/da N) azot uygulamalarının taze asma yaprak verimine olan etkisi araştırılmıştır. 2012 vejetasyon periyodunda kordon şeklinde terbiye edilmiş asmalar bir veya iki göz üzerinden (24 göz/asma) dekara 5000 göz olacak şekilde şarj edilmiştir. Azotun dört farklı dozu bölünmüş parseller deneme desenine göre 4 tekerrürlü olarak asmalara uygulanmıştır. Salamuralık genç asma yaprakları beş dönemde hasat edilmiş ve taze yaprak verimi (kg/da) belirlenmiştir. Hasat edilen yaprak örneklerinde gübre formlarının yaprak verimi üzerine etkisi istatistiki olarak önemli bulunmuştur. Taze asma yaprak verimi 312,4 kg/da (Kontrol) ile 437,1 kg/da (Amonyum nitrat 10 kg N/da) arasında değişmiştir. Azot dozları arttıkça asma yaprağı verimi de artmıştır. Azot uygulaması taze yaprak verimini yaklaşık %30 artırmıştır. Deneme sonuçlarına göre, en yüksek asma yaprağı verimi 10 kg N/da uygulamasından alınmıştır. Amonyum nitrat uygulamaları ile diğer gübre formlarından daha yüksek yaprak verimi elde edildiği ortaya çıkmıştır.

In this study, in order to help the mass production of seedlings, the effect of fertilization on the morphological development of hornbeam leafy European hophornbeam (Ostry carpinifolia Scop) seedlings were investigated. For this, seedlings, which were obtained from the seeds coming from different European hophornbeam populations (Düzce-Yığılca, Antalya-Finike, Antalya-Akseki, Kastamonu-Şehdağ ve Adana-Saimbeyli) from various parts of Turkey, were used. European hophornbeam seedlings were treated with different fertilizers, including urea, ammonium sulphate, compound fertilizer 15-15-15 and 20-20-0, and 6-9 months Osmocote release fertilizer, and effects of these fertilizers on the morphological characters were investigated. Fertilization contained the same amount of nitrogen, and was made in three different ways; (1) mixing with habitat, (2) topical application and (3) liquid application. The development of germinated European hophornbeam seeds, which were spring-sowed in the same medium were monitored during the vegetation period. At the end of vegetation period, seedlings were removed from the soil and morphological characteristics of root (seedling length, root collar diameter, root length, fresh root and stem weight of the seedlings, dried root and stem weight of the seedlings and bud number) were measured. As a result, it was observed that fertilization positively affects the development of seedlings and depending on the fertilization type the seedlings of European hophornbeam populations were found to exhibit different improvements/growing. In addition, 6-9 months Osmocote release fertilizers were determined to be the best fertilizers affecting the morphological (diameter and height) development of European hophornbeam populations effectively, and among the populations, Düzce and Kastamonu populations showed the best improvement/growing.