Organic Agricultural products are natural food products that are checked and certified by authorized institutions at all stages of cultivation and presented to the consumer. In this study, the knowledge and practices of soil agriculture farmers in Amasya province about Organic Agriculture production were investigated by face-to-face survey method. In the survey, the local producers were asked what Organic Agriculture is in general, their status of producing Organic Agriculture, whether they fulfill the Organic Agriculture requirements for Organic Agriculture production. The obtained data were presented numerically and proportionally. Data were also analyzed with the Decision Tree method using the CART (Classification and Regression Tree) algorithm. According to the findings, although the local farmers declared that they knew what Organic Agriculture was at a high level, it was seen that none of the producers fulfilled the requirements of Organic Agriculture in practice. According to the survey data, while the farmers reported that they received the information about Organic Agriculture from TV-radio and the internet to a large extent (58.5%), a very small percentage (11%) stated that they received training. According to this result, it has been concluded that the local farmers do not have enough information about Organic Agriculture, but the lack of information can be easily eliminated via TV-radio and the internet. As a result, it was concluded that Amasya farmers do not have sufficient information about Organic Agriculture production for now, but if appropriate training is provided, successful Organic Agriculture production output can be achieved.

In this review, it is aimed to compare the contents of unsaturated fatty acids (Mufa, Pufa) which are essential for human health of products obtained from animals (meat, milk, eggs) grown in organic and conventional (conventional) conditions. Although the unsaturated fatty acid content and amounts of animal products reflect product quality and nutrients, organic animal products contain more unsaturated fatty acids depending on their growing systems (extensively) and accordingly it is determined to be of higher quality and nutritious. Organic agriculture, which is the cornerstone of sustainable agriculture and animal husbandry, and organic livestock, which is an integral part of it, uses natural resources effectively. It is an environmentally friendly production model that does not use additives and aims to provide healthier products with the quantity of products to consumers.

Turkey as well as in the developing world science, technology and the changing rural development and manufacturing approach accordingly with industry, has changed the shape of the realization of agricultural activities. As a result of new production methods, environmental and human health deteriorated and scientists have turned to organic agriculture. Organic farming practices, which started in the 1980s in our country, have improved significantly with the publication of the organic farming regulation in 1994 and the regulation was last regulated in 2018. Our country with conditions favourable for organic agriculture in terms of soil and water resources, climate, variety of products, this study was prepared in order to see how organic agriculture has progressed over the years and at what stage it is today. In 1990, 8 organic products were produced in Turkey with 313 farmers in an area of 1,037 ha. According to the latest data 73,563 farmers have grown 2,371,612 tons of organic products in 626,885 ha organic agriculture area. In addition, the organic product range produced was increased to 213. When we look at the export situation, it is seen that the total export amount is 111,690,675 tons and a significant amount of this export amount is 41.633,896 tons of wheat and wheat products. Looking at the import data, it is known that the total import amount is 175,865,85 tons and the most imported product is soybeans (non-seed) (99,446 tons). Although a significant increase in organic agriculture production has been observed compared to previous years, it is anticipated that this increase may increase even further considering Turkey's agricultural potential.

Bu çalışmada, çiftçilerin organik tarım bilgi düzeylerinin öğrenilmesi ve çiftçilerin organik tarıma geçme istekleri, organik tarıma başlamama nedenlerinin tespit edilmesi, organik tarıma yönelişe etkili olabilecek bilgilendirme konularının öğrenilmesi ve organik tarıma geçilmesindeki bilgilendirmenin önemini ortaya koymak amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla, Osmaniye ili Kadirli ilçesinde Çiftçi Kayıt Sistemine kaydı olan çiftçilerden tabakalı örnekleme yöntemine göre belirlenen 85 çiftçi ile yüz yüze görüşme yöntemi ile anket çalışması yapılmıştır. Yapılan çalışmada, çiftçilerin büyük oranda organik tarım kavramını bilmedikleri, genellikle gübresiz tarım ve doğal tarım olarak ifade ettiği belirlenmiştir. Üreticiler tarımsal uygulamalar konusunda bilgi kaynağı olarak ilaç bayilerini kullanırken, en rahat bilgi alabildikleri kaynağın ise kitle iletişim araçları olduğunu ifade etmektedirler. Çiftçilerin organik tarım konusundaki bilgilendirmeleri yetersiz buldukları da elde edilen önemli bulgulardandır.

In addition to having the most cultivation area and production in the world, cereals are irreplaceable in agriculture and in our life with being a basic food material. Wheat, which ranks first in terms of sowing area, is also an origin of our country and has been a basic food raw material since the beginning of history. Besides, wheat contains starch, protein, phytochemical and antioxidant substances which have an important role in human nutrition. As agricultural fertilizers, pesticides and herbicides have negative effects on the environment and human health, the interest in organic agriculture is increasing. The suspicion that pesticide, synthetic fertilizer and growth regulator residues can lead to cancer and other health problems in humans has led the researchers to focus their attention to improve of production methods that will prevent these disadvantages. Research has shown that the most reliable method of production is called Organic or Ecological or Biological Agriculture method. For these reasons, organic agriculture practices in the world have increased in the last 15 years. New breeding varieties selected in high-yielding traditional farming conditions do not sufficiently adapt to organic farming conditions. Readily available existing varieties due to yet correspond to new breeding for organic farming conditions not only yield when used in organic farming but also that they contain proteins and other useful in amounts of vitamins components also occurs a decrease. Cultivation of local varieties is becoming more attractive instead of already cultivated in marginal areas and stable yield values. For this purpose, local varieties produced in restricted regions of our country are the most suitable candidates for both breeding and organic production since they are well adapted to the regions where they are located.

İnsan beslenmesinde önemli bir yere sahip olan tarımsal ürünlerin yetiştiriciliğinde kullanılan hormon, ilaç, gübre gibi kimyasal girdiler sağlığı olumsuz yönde etkilemektedir. Bu nedenle günümüzde, toprağa ve bitkiye zarar veren kimyasal maddeler yerine bitkilerin ihtiyacı olan ve insan sağlığını olumsuz yönde etkilemeyen organik gübre ve doğal ilaçlama yöntemleri geliştirilmeye çalışılmaktadır. Organik tarım, insanların sağlıklı beslenmesinin yanı sıra toprak verimliliğini artıracak her türlü organik artıkların değerlendirilmesi ve tarımda devamlılığın sağlanması açısından büyük önem arz etmektedir. Özellikle ayçiçeği bitkisinin tüm kısımlarında %63,9 potasyum (K2O), %21,7 azot (N) ve %14,4 fosfor (P2O5) besin elementleri bulunduğundan, ayçiçeği yetiştiriciliği yapılan yerlerde hasat sonrası arazide kalan belirli miktarda sap ve köklerin toprağa karıştırılarak yeşil gübre olarak kullanılması pratikte uygulanabilecek en önemli yöntemlerden biridir. Ayrıca hasat sonrası geriye kalan sap, tabla gibi kısımlar, yakacak olarak değerlendirilirken, yanma sonucu elde edilen ve yüksek oranda potasyum bulunan külleri tarlaya serpilerek organik gübre olarak da değerlendirilebilmektedir. Bu derlemede; özellikle ülkemizde organik madde yönünden fakir olan araziler için bir kenara atılarak heba edilen ve çevre kirliliğine neden olan ayçiçeği hasat artıklarının organik hammadde olarak kullanılması, organik ürün elde edilmesi yönünde çiftçilerin bilinçlendirilmesi ve bu şekilde ülke ekonomisine sağlayabileceği konular ele alınmıştır.

Modern agricultural applications contain various biologic physical and chemical process steps to maximize the durability and fertility of the products. Because of the apprehensions that come out as a result of increase in usage of chemical input in these processes, some alternative concepts have been come to exist for modern agricultural applications. Even these approaches match with traditional applications, they differ by their some outstanding features. By the help of industrial devolution in 18TH century, the increasing popularity and global warming caused the people to notice the ecologic deformation on the earth and accordingly saving the ecology and the earth became one of the main topics of current issues. The biodynamic agriculture system is founded in 1924 by Rudolf Steiner (philosopher) and E. Pfeiffer (agronomist) and built on an anthropologic theory that based on human-nature-universe concept. Biodynamic agriculture is familiar with organic agriculture. Mainly both of them are originated by oppositional perspective on using chemical input (manure, pesticide, herbicide, hormone e.g.). The main dissimilitude of biodynamic agriculture with organic apart from philosophical and historical aspects is, using the biodynamic preparations includes some minerals or specific herbs those are fermented with animal organs. In this review study, the differences between organic and biodynamic agriculture are analysed by emphasizing the main advantages of biodynamic agriculture.

Bu araştırma, organik şartlarda seçilmiş bazı yerel fasulye (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) genotiplerinin morfolojik ve agronomik özelliklerini belirlemek amacıyla, Bayburt Üniversitesi, Gıda Tarım ve Hayvancılık Uygulama ve Araştırma Merkezi deneme alanında 2016 yetiştirme döneminde yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada 13 yerel fasulye genotipi ile 3 tescilli çeşit (Önceler-98, Horoz ve Dermason) kullanılmıştır. Çalışma tesadüf bloklarında bölünmüş parseller deneme desenine göre üç tekerrürlü olarak kurulmuştur. Araştırmada, bitki boyu 32,1-44,3 cm, ilk bakla yüksekliği 6,7-11,1 cm, gövde kalınlığı 5,6-8,4 cm, bakla boyu 85,9-120,7 mm, bakla eni 12,5-15,4 mm, bitkide bakla sayısı 10,0-24,1 adet/bitki, baklada tane sayısı 3,5-5,5 adet/bakla, 1000 tane ağırlığı 393,7-545,5 g, dekara tane verimi 128,3-194,3 kg/da arasında değişim göstermiştir. En yüksek tane verimi dermason fasulye çeşidinden elde edilmiş olurken, bunu takiben Önceler-98 çeşidi ve Aydıntepe genotipinin de tane verimi ve bölgeye adaptasyon özelliklerinin iyi olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, incelenen yerel genotiplerden bazılarının bazı morfolojik özellikler ve bitki verimi açısından değerlendirmeye uygun olduğu, ıslah çalışmalarında bir genitör olarak kullanılmalarının faydalı olacağı düşünülmektedir.

In this study, it was aimed to examine of socio-economic structure of farmers related to organic olive cultivation activity in Gökçeada district of Çanakkale province in Turkey and to determine the knowledge level and approaches towards their organic agriculture. The data of the present study were obtained by survey from 121 farms related to organic olive cultivation determined by using the whole counting method. Data cover the production period in 2016-2017. Descriptive statistics and 5-point Likert-type scale was used to analyse the data. According to the results of study, it was found that the average age of farmers was 53.6 years, the average year of schooling of farmers was 7.5, the average household size was 3.7 persons, the average experience of farmers in organic olive cultivation was also 8.3 years and 10.7% of the farmers had the highest income (50.001₺-60.000₺). Furthermore, the most consciousness level about organic agriculture was determined as ''not use hazardous chemicals for nature and health in organic agriculture'' concept for farmers that make organic olive cultivation. As a result, this study is expected to contribute the development of district's economy and to rural development.