Paucity of knowledge on resistant variety, high yield loss ranging from 32- 57% and dearth of knowledge on management of Alternaria leaf spot has been the major concerns in radish production in the world. Our study will aid in multiplication and standardization of the germane variety of radish resistant to Alternaria leaf spot disease so as to escalate the production, productivity, and the competitiveness in the domestic as well as in the international market. Hence, this experiment was rendered to screen the radish genotypes against Alternaria leaf spot disease in Western Nepal in 2021. Seven genotypes namely Sparkle white F1 hybrid, Korean cross, Palak-patta 35, Pyuthane red, 40 days, Geeta 33, and Mino early were used as the treatment and experiment was laid out in one factorial RCBD design. Each treatment was assigned with 8 plants for observation with 3 replications per treatment. Parameters like days to appearance of disease, incidence of disease on seedling, disease severity (3 scorings), mean score of disease, mean AUDPC and reaction of genotypes were measured during the experiment. Our study unveiled highly significant result for the days to appearance of disease, disease severity, mean score of disease and AUDPC among the genotypes of radish. Alternaria leaf spot first appeared in Pyuthane red (18.33 days) while appeared late in Mino early. Disease severity was found harsh in 40 days at each scoring (57.33, 64.67 and 70.33 respectively); on the contrary severity was minor in Sparkle white at each scoring (26.67, 35 and 44.17 respectively). Similarly, the highest MDS (3.4) and AUDPC (449.8) was found in 40 days, whereas the lowest MDS (1.7) and AUDPC (246.5) was observed in Sparkle white. Ultimately, it is contended that 40 days was found to be moderately susceptible variety while other varieties were found to be moderately resistant.

Vermicompost production and applications are increasing in our country recently. There are also many commercial products on the market. Vermicompost may act both as soil conditions and organic fertilizer. In addition to the effect of this product on improving the physical properties of the soil; the effect of plant growth on different plants should be studied. In this study conducted for this purpose; commercially produced radish (Raphanus sativus L.) cv. “Cherry Belle” was planted in growing medium mixed with different doses of vermicompost (0 - 2.5 – 5 – 10 %). In order to determine NPK and NPK + Fe. Zn fertilizer needs of the plants, these elements contained fertilizers were applied. According to the pot experiment results, important increases in some element contents and fresh root weights of radish plant were determined with increasing vermicompost applications. The average fresh root weight changed between 47.89-77.70 g pot-1. The average N concentration of in leaves and in roots changed between 3.09-4.69 % and 1.19-2.67 %, respectively. The K of in leaves and in roots changed between 1.27-1.46 % and 1.39-2.13 %, respectively, and the P concentration of in leaves and in roots changed between 0.46-0.50 % and 0.36-0.45 %, respectively. Application of vermicompost had statistically significant effect on growth of radish.

Paucity of knowledge on resistant variety, high yield loss ranging from 32- 57% and dearth of knowledge on management of Alternaria leaf spot has been the major concerns in radish production in the world. Our study will aid in multiplication and standardization of the germane variety of radish resistant to Alternaria leaf spot disease so as to escalate the production, productivity, and the competitiveness in the domestic as well as in the international market. Hence, this experiment was rendered to screen the radish genotypes against Alternaria leaf spot disease in Western Nepal in 2021. Seven genotypes namely Sparkle white F1 hybrid, Korean cross, Palak-patta 35, Pyuthane red, 40 days, Geeta 33, and Mino early were used as the treatment and experiment was laid out in one factorial RCBD design. Each treatment was assigned with 8 plants for observation with 3 replications per treatment. Parameters like days to appearance of disease, incidence of disease on seedling, disease severity (3 scorings), mean score of disease, mean AUDPC and reaction of genotypes were measured during the experiment. Our study unveiled highly significant result for the days to appearance of disease, disease severity, mean score of disease and AUDPC among the genotypes of radish. Alternaria leaf spot first appeared in Pyuthane red (18.33 days) while appeared late in Mino early. Disease severity was found harsh in 40 days at each scoring (57.33, 64.67 and 70.33 respectively); on the contrary severity was minor in Sparkle white at each scoring (26.67, 35 and 44.17 respectively). Similarly, the highest MDS (3.4) and AUDPC (449.8) was found in 40 days, whereas the lowest MDS (1.7) and AUDPC (246.5) was observed in Sparkle white. Ultimately, it is contended that 40 days was found to be moderately susceptible variety while other varieties were found to be moderately resistant.

Vermicompost production and applications are increasing in our country recently. There are also many commercial products on the market. Vermicompost may act both as soil conditions and organic fertilizer. In addition to the effect of this product on improving the physical properties of the soil; the effect of plant growth on different plants should be studied. In this study conducted for this purpose; commercially produced radish (Raphanus sativus L.) cv. “Cherry Belle” was planted in growing medium mixed with different doses of vermicompost (0 - 2.5 – 5 – 10 %). In order to determine NPK and NPK + Fe. Zn fertilizer needs of the plants, these elements contained fertilizers were applied. According to the pot experiment results, important increases in some element contents and fresh root weights of radish plant were determined with increasing vermicompost applications. The average fresh root weight changed between 47.89-77.70 g pot-1. The average N concentration of in leaves and in roots changed between 3.09-4.69 % and 1.19-2.67 %, respectively. The K of in leaves and in roots changed between 1.27-1.46 % and 1.39-2.13 %, respectively, and the P concentration of in leaves and in roots changed between 0.46-0.50 % and 0.36-0.45 %, respectively. Application of vermicompost had statistically significant effect on growth of radish.