Maternal kalıtımın moleküler göstergesi olan mitokondrial DNA, genomik DNA‘ya oranla daha hızlı evrimleşmesi, rekombinasyonun olmayışı ve türlerin coğrafi dağılımına göre farklılıklar göstermesi gibi özelliklerinden dolayı popülasyon genomiği, filogenetik ve filocoğrafik çalışmalarda sıklıkla tercih edilen belirteçlerden birisidir. Bu çalışmada Anadolu'da yetiştirilen bazı yerli sığır ırklarının, ırk içi ve ırklar arası genetik çeşitlilikleri ile filogenetik ilişkilerinin ortaya konulması amacıyla mitokondrial DNA D-Loop bölgesi dizi analizleri gerçekleştirildi. Öncelikle araştırmaya konu olan sığır ırklarının örnekleme çalışması tamamlandı. Standart Fenol/Kloroform Yöntemi kullanılarak DNA izolasyonu yapılan örneklerin mitokondrial DNA D-Loop bölgesinin yükseltgenmesi ise Polimeraz Zincir Reaksiyonu ile yapıldı. DNA dizi analizi sonrası yerli sığır ırklarına ait veriler GenBANK’ tan alınan referans mitokondrial DNA dizileri ile birlikte hizalandı. Haplotip ve nükleotid çeşitlilikleri ile popülasyon içi ve popülasyonlar arası genetik ve filogenetik ilişkileri değerlendirildi. Elde edilen veriler ile Anadolu yerli sığır ırklarının, nükleotid ve haplotip çeşitliliği, haplotip sayıları ile popülasyon içi ve popülasyonlar arası varyasyonun oldukça yüksek olduğu belirlendi. Anadolu da yetiştirilen yerli sığır ırklarının filogenetik olarak Asya ve Avrupa sığır ırkları arasında yer aldığı sonucuna varıldı.

The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of follicle size and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) concentration on nuclear maturation of bovine oocytes in vitro. Follicles on bovine ovary were classified into 3 groups according to the diameter; small (

In this review, the share in total and the presence of cattle in provinces of GAPUTAEM has been referred. According to official data of 2012 of TUIK, when number of cattle was 11.972.923 heads in 1991, in 2012 years increased 13.914.912 heads. According to year of 1991, number of cattle increased 16%. In our country, the number of Anatolian Water Buffalo declined from 366.150 heads to 107.435 heads during 1991-2012 and this reduction is 70.6%. 15.977.838 tons milk was obtained from dairy cattle of 5.431.400 heads and average milk yield was 2.942 kg/head. 46.989 tons milk was produced from 46.959 heads of Anatolian Water Buffaloes and average milk yield was 1.006 kg/head. However, there were totally cattle of 1.173.008 heads in study field of Institute. 1.098.895 tons milk was produced from cattle of 451.039 heads. Totally, there were 15.478 heads Anatolian Water Buffaloes in 11 provinces. 6.384 tons milk was produced from 6.738 heads Anatolian Water Buffaloes in 2012. Across the country, despite cattle (domestic) decreased, cattle (cross-bred) and cattle (culture) had increased. The possibility of breeding of native cattle should be investigated. Also, growers and technical staffs should be trained that affected by entering of culture breeds.

The Central Anatolia Region is one of the seven geographical regions which are 151 thousand square meters of surface area and it is about 21.0% of Turkey's land area. The population rate of cattle breeds in the Central Anatolia Region is 20.4% exotic cattle breeds, 19.1% crossbred, 11.6% native cattle breeds and total 18.1% in Turkey. The Central Anatolia Region cattle population is consists of 43.9% of exotic breed, 43.5% crossbred and 12.6% the native cattle breeds. The population of exotic cattle breeds (69.5%) in Nigde province is the first place and followed by Eskisehir provinces rate of 65.6% in the Central Anatolia Region. The rate of crossbred cattle population is the highest rate (65.0%) province of Sivas and followed by Çankırı province (62.8%). Ankara and Yozgat province has the highest rate of native cattle breed 28.3% and 25.5%, respectively. The total populations of cattle breeds in Konya and Kırıkkale provinces were found maximum 518.291 cattle and minimum 45.426 cattle, respectively, in the Central Anatolia Region. The population rate of exotic and crossbred cattle breeds has increased 67.0% and 11.8%, respectively, while population rate of native cattle breeds has decreased 30.3% from 2007 to 2011 in the Central Anatolia Region. The 20.1% of sheep, 8.2% of goat and 18.3% rates of total livestock population in Turkey are in the Central Anatolia Region. The population rate of sheep and goat of the Central Anatolia Region is 20.1% and 9.5%, sheep and goat respectively and 18.3% total in Turkey. The 70.9% for Angora goats, 8.2% hair of goats, and 17.7% indigenous of sheep breeds and 66.0% crossbreed to national Sheep and Goat population has risen in the Central Anatolia Region. All of these results are evaluated, Central Anatolia Region, Turkey, the contribution of animal products grown by population of cattle and small ruminants is important and can be considered a center of attraction for investment in animal breeding