Tends on human nutrition change every day but legumes act significant role for nutrition over the World. Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is a member of Leguminosae family and originated from Asia. Chickpea is rich with protein, carbohydrate, lipid and minerals. It is also sufficient for Daily requirement by view of the essential amino acids – lysine, leucine and arginine. Chickpea is also source of soluble and insoluble fibers. The nutritional fibers have favorable effects on decreasing the time of food passing through intestine, accelerating of weight loss, decreasing of total and LDL cholesterol and balancing of blood sugar level. Sustainability of agriculture is essential for sustainability of life. From this perspective, chickpea is quite important due to various agronomic advantages that may be summarized by main ones are; able to grow as winter crop, lower water requirement, wide adaptation ability to climate and soil, a good alternative for crop rotation systems in addition to health care features. Present research is realized to evaluation of second crop growing facilities in Uşak/Turkey ecology by using 4 chickpea genotypes (Azkan, Hisar, Sarı-98, Yaşa-05) by 4 sowing time (18th June, 02nd July, 16th July, 30th July) by 3 replications. The following measurements were realized; days to emergence, days to flowering, days to harvest, height of plant, number of pod per plant, number of seed per pod, height of first pod, seed yield and weight of hundred seeds. According to the results Yaşa-05 chickpea genotype was determined as the most adaptable in addition to the Azkan chickpea genotype was also obtained as promising to growing as second crop. Deep and long term studies are needed to achievement of more consistent results and providing to sustainability of food security, improvement of soil, better usage of natural sources and contribute to national economy.

In recent years, intensive legal regulations aimed at the production of urban areas in Türkiye, the phenomenon of migration, the spread of higher education, abnormal cost increases in agricultural activities have accelerated urbanization. Parallel to the increase in the urban population, the food supply remains insufficient. The inability to increase the production of food products brings with it problems such as malnutrition, inflation, foreign trade deficit, food security. The natural areas harbored by rural and urban areas are shrinking and being destroyed by the pressure of rapid urbanization. In addition to the abandonment of rural areas, the food crisis that has arisen as a result of the intervention of the urbanization process in agricultural areas has increased the responsibility of the central government and municipalities. In order to meet the food needs of the population and implement sustainable agricultural policies, municipalities are taking different and innovative approaches. Municipalities are making direct and indirect attempts to provide people with cheap and reliable food. In this study, the activities carried out by the municipalities in Türkiye to support sustainable agriculture and their economic and social effects were examined.

Compost is usually made of biodegradable wastes. Today, compost, bio-agent bacteria and mycorrhizae are used as the key components of sustainable agriculture. This study was conducted to determine the effects of compost treatments alone and combined with bacteria, mycorrhiza and commercial fertilizers on growth, flower and bulb quality parameters of the ‘Jan van Nes’ tulip cultivar. Compost was made of grape pomace and set at different EC levels. Three different compost ratios (0%, 20% and 40%), three different EC levels (0.75, 1.10, and 1.45 dS/m) and combinations with or without bacteria and mycorrhizae were experimented. Flower stalk length, perianth length and vase life were identified as the most striking parameters for growth and flowering of tulip plants. The best outcomes in terms of flower stem length (34.20 cm), perianth length (44.85 mm) and vase life (7.00 days) were obtained from 0% compost treatments. Increasing compost ratios had adverse effects on plant growth and bacteria and mycorrhizae treatments alone did not provide any significant effects. However, combining with different compost ratios increased the effectiveness of bacteria and mycorrhiza. EC of 0.75 yielded better results than the other EC levels.

Sustainable agriculture bases on certain ecological principles in both of crop production and livestocks. Legume-cereal intercropping in sustainable agricultural cropping system is the most applied in the intercropping systems in the World. Legume-cereal intercropping have many benefits such soil conservation, weed control, animal feed and effective land use, greater yield and quality in low-input agricultural system. Land use efficiently is available to evaluate the advantages of intercrop in sustainable agriculture to meet food demand due to increase in population. Amount of N2 fixed by intercropped legume is less compared to mono crop legume due to competition with cereal. However, proportion of total N derived from fixation (Ndfa %) in legume intercropped with cereal was greater than mono crop legume. N-transfer from the legume to neighbouring plant may be possible, but it can be affected by a lot of factors. The principal aim of present study is to define advantages of cereal-grain legume intercrops in sustainable agriculture.

Innovative farming techniques are essential for food security and sustainable farming practices. Innovative agricultural approaches utilize modern technologies and the latest inventions, as well as traditional agricultural practices. The main purpose of this study is to address the relationship between sustainable agriculture and bioeconomy and to examine innovative approaches that are expected to have a significant impact on the agricultural sector in the near future. The study was carried out in compilation format. Bioeconomy is an economic model or methodology based on the economic evaluation of biological resources and processes. Abiotic resources such as microbes, vegetation, animals, and biodiversity are all included in this strategy. On the other hand, sustainable agriculture, which aims to protect natural resources and take into account ecosystem benefits while maintaining food production, is an agricultural paradigm. The primary goals of bioeconomy and sustainable agriculture are economic evaluation, efficient use of natural resources and reduction of environmental impacts. Considered from these perspectives, it can be said that both concepts have common purposes and are closely related. It is possible to say that with the increasing use of sustainable agricultural methods and bioeconomy, the agricultural sector can move towards a more environmentally friendly, efficiently managed and sustainable structure in the future.

Innovative farming techniques are essential for food security and sustainable farming practices. Innovative agricultural approaches utilize modern technologies and the latest inventions, as well as traditional agricultural practices. The main purpose of this study is to address the relationship between sustainable agriculture and bioeconomy and to examine innovative approaches that are expected to have a significant impact on the agricultural sector in the near future. The study was carried out in compilation format. Bioeconomy is an economic model or methodology based on the economic evaluation of biological resources and processes. Abiotic resources such as microbes, vegetation, animals, and biodiversity are all included in this strategy. On the other hand, sustainable agriculture, which aims to protect natural resources and take into account ecosystem benefits while maintaining food production, is an agricultural paradigm. The primary goals of bioeconomy and sustainable agriculture are economic evaluation, efficient use of natural resources and reduction of environmental impacts. Considered from these perspectives, it can be said that both concepts have common purposes and are closely related. It is possible to say that with the increasing use of sustainable agricultural methods and bioeconomy, the agricultural sector can move towards a more environmentally friendly, efficiently managed and sustainable structure in the future.

In recent years, intensive legal regulations aimed at the production of urban areas in Türkiye, the phenomenon of migration, the spread of higher education, abnormal cost increases in agricultural activities have accelerated urbanization. Parallel to the increase in the urban population, the food supply remains insufficient. The inability to increase the production of food products brings with it problems such as malnutrition, inflation, foreign trade deficit, food security. The natural areas harbored by rural and urban areas are shrinking and being destroyed by the pressure of rapid urbanization. In addition to the abandonment of rural areas, the food crisis that has arisen as a result of the intervention of the urbanization process in agricultural areas has increased the responsibility of the central government and municipalities. In order to meet the food needs of the population and implement sustainable agricultural policies, municipalities are taking different and innovative approaches. Municipalities are making direct and indirect attempts to provide people with cheap and reliable food. In this study, the activities carried out by the municipalities in Türkiye to support sustainable agriculture and their economic and social effects were examined.

The aim of this study is to determine the indicators used to determine the sustainability levels of nut farms and to establish a set of indicators that can be used to measure the level of sustainability of pistachio farms, based on the literature review. As a result of the literature review, among the indicators commonly used to measure agricultural sustainability, a total of thirty sub-criteria were identified, including fifteen sub-criteria for the economic aspect (farm size, yield, etc.), six sub-criteria for the environmental aspect (pesticide, fertilizer, water, energy usage, etc.) and nine sub-criteria for the social aspect (farmer’s age, education, etc.) which can be used in evaluating the sustainability of pistachio cultivation. According to this study's findings, although the theoretical principles, dimensions, and goals of agricultural sustainability are globally adaptable, the applicability of the indicators may vary between regions and countries due to geographic, climatic, and socio-cultural differences. Therefore, the sustainability assessment process requires special attention. Sufficient knowledge and expertise are required in setting goals, selecting indicators, and verifying indicators.

The aim of this study is to determine the indicators used to determine the sustainability levels of nut farms and to establish a set of indicators that can be used to measure the level of sustainability of pistachio farms, based on the literature review. As a result of the literature review, among the indicators commonly used to measure agricultural sustainability, a total of thirty sub-criteria were identified, including fifteen sub-criteria for the economic aspect (farm size, yield, etc.), six sub-criteria for the environmental aspect (pesticide, fertilizer, water, energy usage, etc.) and nine sub-criteria for the social aspect (farmer’s age, education, etc.) which can be used in evaluating the sustainability of pistachio cultivation. According to this study's findings, although the theoretical principles, dimensions, and goals of agricultural sustainability are globally adaptable, the applicability of the indicators may vary between regions and countries due to geographic, climatic, and socio-cultural differences. Therefore, the sustainability assessment process requires special attention. Sufficient knowledge and expertise are required in setting goals, selecting indicators, and verifying indicators.

Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) is a global strategy for enhancing food productivity amidst climate change uncertainties in the 21st century. CSA improves farmers’ incomes, reduces greenhouse emissions, and farming systems become resilient to climate change. Despite the vital role that CSA plays in the development of the agricultural industry and the economy, the extent to which CSA is related to sustainable agriculture (SA) is not well documented. Is CSA the same as SA? If they are the same, do CSA practices impose mitigation requirements for developing countries like Uganda? Studies or research on CSA and SA unfortunately have certain shortcomings. Lack of this knowledge makes it difficult to plan investments and develop policies that will increase farmers’ resilience to climate change and variability to improve SA. This study is aimed at assessing how CSA links to SA and whether the two contribute to climate change mitigation requirements. It was found that CSA and SA are also related in a way that the latter leads to lowering greenhouse gas emissions hence mitigating climate change. CSA and SA share a common principal goal of achieving food security. It was concluded that developing countries are the worst affected by the negative impacts of climate change and don’t have the adaptive capacity to respond to climate change effects.