This study aims to determine the economic size and standard results of the agricultural enterprises growing heat in the Kumkale plain of Çanakkale province according to the Farm Accounting Data Network (FADN) system. For this reason, 59 businesses were surveyed according to the simple random sampling method in Kumkale Plain, where wheat production is concentrated. The classification of enterprises according to economic size was made according to 5 groups. It was determined that 32.20% of agriculture al enterprises were in the 1st economic size business group, 15.25% were in the 2nd economic size business group, 18.64% were in the 3rd economic size business group, 16.95% were in the 4th economic size business group and 16.96% were in the 5th economic size business group. According to the results obtained from the businesses covered by the research, their economic size ranges between 2.14 and 98.86 ESU values. The average of businesses is 24,03 ESU. Total income of agricultural enterprises by economic size groups ranges from 32,669.96 TL (Turkish Lira) to 1,008,939.30 TL, gross operating profit, 7,953.32 TL to 754,769.83 TL, net value added of enterprises, 4,184.66 TL to 736,240.61 TL, net operating family income -13,049,82 TL to 631.720,36 TL. In the 1st and 2nd economic size groups, the net business family value was found to be negative.

This study was carried out in the greenhouses of Bursa Uludag University Yenişehir Ibrahim Orhan Vocational School in 2014-2015 to determine the effects of five different irrigation levels (T1: 100% (full irrigation), T2: 75%, T3: 50%, T4: 25%, T5: 0% (non-irrigated)) and two different fertilization levels (F1.0: 100% (100:100:100 NPK) fertigation and F0.5: 50% (50:50:50 NPK) fertigation on yield and quality parameters of okra grown under unheated greenhouse conditions. In 2014 and 2015, the amount of irrigation water in the study was applied as 0.0-380.0 mm and 0.0-360.0 mm for the 100% (100:100:100 NPK) fertilization and 50% (50:50:50 NPK) fertilization treatments, respectively. Evapotranspiration values were realized as 200.0-410.0 mm and 130.0-400.0 mm for 100% (100:100:100 NPK) and 50% (50:50:50 NPK) fertilization treatments in 2014, 185.0-425.0 mm and 200.0-450.0 mm in 2015, respectively. It was observed that irrigation water levels significantly affected the yield, fruit diameter, fruit length, 10 fruit weight, and number of fruits per plant and dry matter of okra. The highest yield averages for both years were obtained from T1F1.0 and T1F0.5 treatments were found to be 14.6-17.8 tons’ ha-1 and 16.8 -15.7 tons’ ha-1 in 2014 and 2015, respectively. Crop response factors (ky) of okra were found as 1.38-1.26 and 1.26-1.41 for 100% (100:100:100 NPK) fertilization and 50% (50:50:50 NPK) fertilization treatments in 2014 and 2015, respectively. The highest water use efficiency (WUE) and irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) values were calculated as 0.036-0.038 kg m-3 and 0.045-0.049 kg m-3 from T1F1.0 and T1F0.5 treatments in 2014 and 0.040-0.047 kg m-3 and 0.035-0.046 kg m-3 from same treatments (T1F1.0 and T1F0.5) in 2015, respectively. The highest T1F1.0 and T1F0.5 values were the closest values were obtained from T2F1.0 and T2F0.5 treatments therefore T2F1.0 and T2F0.5 treatments can be recommended for okra.

Determining the physiological effects of single and binary applications of BPA and NaCl on the Ceratophyllum demersum L., which is a rootless submerged aquatic macrophyte, is the aim of the present study. For this purpose, the macrophyte was collected from a local pond that was not exposed to any pollution. Macrophytes were acclimatized in 10% nutrient solution for 14 days, than they were treated with 17.2 mg/L BPA; 10 and 100 mM NaCl; 17.2 mg/L BPA plus 10 mM NaCl and 17.2 mg/L BPA plus 100 mM NaCl. The macrophyte without added BPA or/and NaCl served as control (without treatment). Increasing concentrations of NaCl induced a progressive accumulation of Na in the macrophyte tissues. On the other hand, BPA application partially reduced Na uptake. Nutrient uptake was affected differently by the applications. The contents of some nutrients such as Cu, Zn, Mn, K and Mg were generally reduced, whereas the Fe and Ca contents were increased. In general, increases in contents of total carbohydrate, total phenolic and non-protein sulfhydryl groups were found, when compared to control. Protein and photosynthetic pigment contents, on the contrary to these, were decreased. According to findings, the increase in H2O2 and MDA levels showed that single and combined applications of BPA and NaCl in C. demersum tissues induced oxidative stress.

Present review was performed in order to understand the influence of photoperiod and light intensity on Coturnix japonica. Different literatures were reviewed regarding egg production, behaviour, body weight, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, carcass weight, egg quality with respect to photoperiods and intensities. It was noticed from the reviewed studies that light intensity of 80 and 20 luxes for 8 hours during growing period and 240 and 60 luxes for 16 hours during laying period results 194.85±4.46, 191.42±2.87 feed intake, 201.00±13.82, 210±15.1 weekly weight gain. The better feed conversion ratio remains (1.03) with light intensity of 80 and 20 luxes for 8 hours during growing period. Carcass weight remains as 98.33±8.33 and 99.56±5.44, dressing percentage 50.46% and 52.01%, egg production percent 50.11 and 48.81, egg length 32.15±0.54 and 32.12±0.35, egg width 24.87±0.22 and 23.75±0.31, egg weight 9±0.44 and 9±0.54, 11.2±0.73 when light intensity of 80 and 20 luxes for 8 hours during growing period and 240 and 60 luxes for 16 hours during laying period is provided. In conclusion Coturnix japonica raised on 80 luxes for 08 hours light intensity during growing period and 240 luxes for 16 hours light intensity in laying period results better FCR and feed intake in cage system. While Coturnix japonica reared with 5 luxes for 16 hours photoperiod during growing period and 15 luxes for 20 hours photoperiod in laying period demonstrate better egg production and behaviour.

The Covid-19 outbreak, which started to appear in China in December 2019, spread to the whole world in a short time and was declared as a pandemic by WHO. Pandemic and its quarantine do not only affect the usual lifestyle, economy, but also education. Countries thought that switching schools to distance education would reduce the virus and its spread would decrease. In our country, in the spring term of the 2019-2020 academic year, the transition from face to face education to distance education has been made. On April 6, Selcuk University started distance education. The purpose of this study; This is an online survey on Selcuk University Landscape Architecture Department students’ internet access, participation in classes and their satisfaction during the distance education process. In the light of the findings and results obtained, it is a guiding tool for lecturers and those working in the system infrastructure, in case of continuing distance education as a result of the prolongation of the process or planned to be created in the future.

Global climate change is seen as a process that will directly or indirectly affect living things and ecosystems all over the world. In this process, determining the changes in climate parameters and climate types in advance is of great importance in terms of the measures that can be taken and the preparation for the process. In this study, it is aimed to determine the changes that may be caused by global climate change in some climate parameters and climate types in Mersin, which is one of the important cities of our country. Within the scope of the study, the current status of temperature, precipitation and climate types (according to De Martone and Emberger climate classification) and RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5. It is aimed to compare the possible situations in 2050 and 2070 in the light of scenarios. The results of the study show that temperature, precipitation and climate types will change significantly throughout Mersin province. Today, the temperature varying between -0.4°C and 19°C will change between 4.9°C and 24°C throughout the province in 2070 according to the RCP 8.5 scenario, that is, there will be an increase of around 5°C in the temperature change interval, the precipitation regime will change, Climate types are predicted to shift towards arid climates. This situation shows that climate factors, one of the most important planning criteria, will change significantly in landscape planning studies. Since landscape planning studies continue their effects for many years, it is recommended to take this into consideration in order to make a healthy planning. The results of this study should be used in the planning studies for Mersin province.

Marinated anchovies produced in a fish processing plant in Samsun province (with 3% garlic and 3% hot pepper sauce) were filled in plastic jars and vacuum packed. Physical, chemical and microbiological analyses of the samples were performed to determine the effects of garlic and hot pepper sauce on the shelf life of marinated anchovies. Total viable bacteria count (TVB), lactic acid bacteria count (LAB), Enterobacteriaceae count, biogenic amines (histamine, tyramine, cadaverine, putrescine, tryptamine), pH, total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N), thiobarbituric acid (TBA) analysis were performed during 7 months of storage at 4°C. Comparing the control group with garlic added and hot pepper sauce added samples, garlic addition reduced the microbial growth and provided that the samples retained their physicochemical properties (TBA, TVB-N) for a longer period time. The amounts of biogenic amines were determined less in garlic added samples.

In this study, it is aimed to examine which level marketing communicating tools are used in the food industry in Çukurova Region, Turkey. For this purpose, a survey was applied to 92 enterprises which process milk and dairy products, meat and meat products, fruit juice industry in both Adana and Mersin. Also, face to face interview was conducted to gather data from 400 consumers who were determined via simple random sampling, living in Adana province. It was found out that enterprises used the marketing communication tools (sales promotion, advertisement etc.) to increase sales and reduce inventory, even if they are not mostly aware of the concept of marketing communications. They also indicated that they do not practice marketing communication programs at all. The most used tools by the enterprises are personal sales, direct marketing, sales promotions and advertisement. Also, as a result of correlation analysis showed that there is an effect between the enterprises’ use of marketing communication tools and brand and market performance. Consumers stated that the sales promotions are the most effective marketing communication tools on their preferences not only buying food products but also changing the brands. Consumers mostly decide what to buy and which brand while they are in the market. In this case, advertisement, promotion and to the content of the product were the most important factors regarding consumers’ choices. It was found out that consumers’ gender, age, education and income levels were also effective on their preferences on buying different food products. Consumers attitude was different about marketing communication tools; such as young people mostly affected by media and primary and secondary school graduates mostly influenced by additional gifts provided free of charge with the main product.

Türkiye kuruyemiş üretimi ve tüketimi açısından dünyanın önde gelen ülkeleri arasında yer almakta ve birçok ürün kuruyemiş olarak kullanılmaktadır. Bu ürünlerden biri de karpuz çekirdeğidir. Bu çalışmada Mardin, Diyarbakır ve Batman illerinden temin edilen ve çerezlik olarak tüketilen karpuz çekirdeklerinin bazı kimyasal bileşenleri belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca Batman ilinden temin edilen karpuz çekirdekleri 140, 160 ve 180°C’de 60 dakika boyunca kavrulmuş ve kavurma işleminin karpuz çekirdeği yağının oksidatif stabilitesi üzerine etkileri araştırılmıştır. Karpuz çekirdeklerinin kuru madde, kül, yağ, protein, toplam tokoferol ve toplam fenolik madde miktarlarının sırasıyla %95,39-95,58, %3,10-3,38, %51,65-52,75, %32,76-34,87, 360,12-393,16 mg/kg ve 427,75-478,80 mg GAE/kg yağsız kısım aralıklarında değiştiği tespit edilmiştir. Karpuz tohumlarının yağ asidi bileşimi incelendiğinde ise elzem yağ asidi olan linoleik asit açısından (%60,74) önemli bir kaynak olduğu ve oleik asidi de (%20,48) yüksek miktarda içerdiği belirlenmiştir. Yapılan çalışmada karpuz çekirdeklerinin yağ asidi bileşiminin kavurma işleminden etkilenmediği ve peroksit sayısının ise 1,57- 3,0 meq O2/kg yağ olarak dar bir aralıkta değiştiği gözlenmiştir. Buna karşın kavurma sıcaklığının, örneklerin peroksit değeri üzerindeki etkisi istatistik açıdan önemli bulunmuştur. K232 değerleri örneklerde kavurma süresince 2,54 ile 4,01 arasında değişirken, K268 değerleri ise 4,99 ile 5,04 arasında değişmiştir. 180°C’de kavrulmuş örneklerin K232 ve K268 değerleri 140 ve 160°C’de kavrulmuş olanlardan istatistiksel olarak farklı bulunmuştur. Çalışma sonucunda karpuz çekirdeklerinin elzem yağ asidi olan linoleik asidi önemli miktarlarda içerdiği ve kavurma işleminin yağ oksidasyon parametrelerinde düşük düzeylerde değişimlere neden olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

Identifying the originality and detecting the authentication of the processed and unprocessed commercial food products ensure food safety. Food adulteration of food products with high commercial value by cheap additives could threaten human health. In this study, we generated and tested five DNA barcodes (ITS, LEAFY, matK, rbcL, ycf1) of the Turkish Protected Designation of Origin Apricot “Iğdır Kayısısı” (Prunus armeniaca cv. Şalak) with related primer pairs. The generated barcodes were deposited on the GenBank database. The results showed that nuclear originated ITS and LEAFY barcodes discriminated the Prunus species and cultivars better than the plastidial barcodes. Due to plenty of ITS barcodes on the databases, and good results in our study we recommend using ITS to identify Prunus species and cultivars.