In this study, the relationships between some husbandry practices and calf losses in dairy farms were investigated. A total of 39 farms enrolled to Alacam Cattle Breeders Association (CBA) of Samsun, Turkey, were evaluated by structural factors (education level of farm owner: EL, personnel number: PN, experience of farm owner: EF and number of cows: NC) and husbandry practices (individual calf housing: ICH, calving pen: CP and weaning period: WP). The questionnaires for interview, observations on farm level and records of CBA belonging to 2018 and 2019 were examined. While no significant difference was found among the all groups, dead calf per farm (0.64±0.25) and mean of calf loss rate (CLR) per farm (3.42±1.07%) were assumed within the acceptable thresholds. Presenting more attention on calf rearing methods was suggested to be diminishing approach to decrease the calf mortality in the farms.

The basic rule in honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) rearing is to work with qualified queens. Quality queen means strong and healthy colonies. Honey bee colonies are a social community, each managed by a single queen bee. The queen bee is the only female that produces eggs in the colony under normal conditions, and the quality and healthy queen is important for the continuity of the colony. Many factors affect the quality of the queen bee, such as the rearing colony, the age of the transferred larva and the transfer medium, the season, cell emergence weight, spermatheca charged, the characteristics of the starter and finisher hives. In this paper, the issues to be considered in raising a quality queen are emphasized.

In this study, it was aimed to evaluate of the quality of the sowing process applied by 10 different producers in their fields in Tokat / Kazova, in the cultivation of grain corn, by Statistical Process Control. In determining of the quality of the sowing process, plant spacing uniformity, seeding depth uniformity and ratio of plant emergence were used. Acceptable plant spacing, the multiples ratio and the miss ratio were determined for planting spacing uniformity on the row. Plant emergence ratio values varied between 59.60% (D field) and 93.13% (B field) in the trial areas. Acceptable plant spacing, the multiples ratio and the miss ratio values ranged from 65.56% - 90.24%, 4.02 - 15.69% and 5.11% - 12.91%, in the trial areas, respectively. It was concluded that the sowing process is generally ‘Moderate’ and ‘Inadequate’ according to the parameters of plant spacing uniformity. Similarly, individual and moving range quality charts prepared for statistical quality control of plant spacing uniformity and seeding depth uniformity showed that the sowing process was not under control. According to these results, it is necessary to take precautions regarding the factors that negatively affect the quality of the sowing process for sustainable agricultural production.

This study was carried out to determine the levels of retinol, α-tocopherol, cholecalciferol and reproductive hormones (follicle stimulating hormone - FSH, luteinizing hormone - LH, progesterone, estradiol) in the female rats administrated Allium schoenoprasum L. ethanol extract (ASLEE) and acrylamide. The study was performed on thirty-two Wistar albino female rats (200-220 grams). The rats were divided into 4 groups with an equal number. Serum LH values were higher in the ASLEE group compared to the other groups. Control group: No treatment was performed. Acrylamide group: Acrylamide was administrated by gastric gavage at a dose of 25 mg / kg daily. ASLEE group: ASLEE was administrated by gastric gavage at a dose of 200 mg / kg daily. Acrylamide + ASLEE group: Acrylamide was administrated by gastric gavage at a dose of 25 mg / kg daily. Then ASLEE was administered by gastric gavage at a dose of 200 mg / kg per day. Serum FSH and LH values were significantly lower in the acrylamide group compared to the other groups. Serum LH values in the acrylamide + ASLEE group were significantly restored compared to the acrylamide group. Serum estradiol values were partially lower in the acrylamide group compared to other groups, but there was no significant difference between the groups. Serum progesterone values in the acrylamide group were significantly lower than the control group. Serum progesterone values were higher in the acrylamide + ASLEE group compared to the acrylamide group. As a result, the levels of retinol, α-tocopherol, cholecalciferol and reproductive hormones in ASLEE were determined in this study. In addition, when ASLEE was applied with acrylamide, the rate of change in the relevant parameters was determined.

Although the studies on ear, nose and throat (ENT) diseases and treatment methods are high in human medicine, they are rarely performed and neglected in veterinary medicine. Antibiotics are generally preferred for ENT diseases in animals. However, there is an increase in infections from microorganisms that develop multiple antibiotic resistance due to overuse and misuse of antibiotics. Another group of drugs used in ENT diseases are antiseptics. Bacterial resistance to agents used as antiseptics is more limited than antibiotics. Studies on the use of substances with antiseptic properties in the treatment of ENT disorders in animals have been limited. Even though these substances are used empirically in the field, there are no studies in the literature examining the effects of these substances on ENT. In this review, the properties of antiseptic substances recommended for use in the field and in the literature for ENT diseases of animals are discussed.

Undoubtedly, supply demand balance must be ensured for the development of geographically indications products. In order to increase the demand for geographically indications products, firstly, consumers should be aware of the geographically indications products and have information about the benefits and advantages of these products. Undoubtedly, as with other agricultural products, price is also an important issue for purchases in geographical indications products. Therefore, it was aimed to determine the factors affecting consumers' willingness to pay for geographical indications products in the Tokat province. For this purpose, face to face survey was conducted with 382 consumers. It was determined that 49,21% of the consumers who participated in the research wanted to pay more price for a product with a geographical indications label. According to the results of the probit analysis, a positive relation was found between awering that Niksar walnut is a geographical indications product and the willingness to pay for geographical indications products. However, a negative correlation was found between monthly food expenditure and tendency to pay for geographical indications products.

Sustainable agriculture can be defined as the creation of an agricultural structure using agricultural technologies that do not harm the environment in addition to the protection of Natural Resources in the long term. In Turkey, as in the developed countries of the world, intensive (traditional or intensive) agricultural production is used without considering the negative consequences of processing techniques and technologies while using synthetic production inputs without supervision. Today, these applications have started to attract as much attention as waste industry or urban pollution with their effects on the determination of natural balance and the ability to create life hazard that can reach all living beings as well as human beings through the food chain. Therefore, organic farming techniques that meet quality, health and environmental standards play a key role by avoiding the use of unnatural inputs such as pharmaceuticals, synthetic fertilizers. Organic agriculture, which is important for the reflection of sustainable agriculture in practice, has started to be seen as a necessity, especially with the development of environmental awareness in recent years. In this study, it is aimed to explain the basic principles of organic agriculture, which we believe are necessary for sustainable agriculture in the 8 villages, namely Umut, Günbalı, Yenisu, Mehmetçik, Güçlü, Akpınar, Güzel, Anaz and 3 towns (Kısas, Konuklu and Çamlıdere) in Şanlıurfa. According to the results of the survey, almost 30% of farmers were found to grow organic products. At the time of purchase, they answered the question of which products do you pay attention to organic, and more than half (54.8%) of the surveyed farmers responded that they pay attention to food. 45.18% of the surveyed farmers stated that they did not pay attention to anything in shopping.

This study was carried out in the research field of Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University. The research was conducted to determine the optimum planting time of mung bean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) in Kahramanmaraş ecological conditions. The experiment was established as a randomized block design with three replications. Mung bean seeds were sown at five different sowing times (30 March, 15 April, 30 April, 15 May and 30 May). According to the results of the research, it was found that the differences among the averages of all traits except for plant height, number of seeds in pods and NDF ratio were significant. In the research, the emerging time of seedlings, 50% flowering period, 50% encapsulation period, 50% maturation period and plant height ranged from 6.33 to 14.67 days, 50.00 to 67.33 days, 57 to 70 days, 73.67 to 99.00 days and 36.43-41.70 cm respectively. When the values related to pod formation were examined, it was found that the first pod height, pod length, the number of pods, the number of seeds per pod and seed yield were between 11.82-21.70 cm, 9.06-10.63 cm, 9.43-23.93 pcs/plant, 9.90-10.27 pcs/pod and 25.00-74.21 kg/da, respectively. In addition, it was determined that the number of leaves, fresh forage yield, dry forage yield, crude ash ratio, ADF ratio and NDF ratio were between 47.30-73.77 pcs/plant, 960.00-1512.38 kg/da, 232.35-316.59 kg/da, 13.03-16.91%, 22.17-29.12% and 55.06-56.05%, respectively.

Husbandry has a special importance for people who live in rural areas in terms of agricultural income and profitability due to some contributions such as; providing cash flow throughout the year, product processing, balanced usage of labour force, and risk diversification. According to FAO data of 2017, Turkey’s ratio in the world’s total cattle existence was 0.99%, and it had a 2.78% ratio in total milk production. According to TSI data between 2004 and 2018; the number of total cattle reached 17.042.506 with a ratio increase of 4.62%, and the annual milk production amount reached 20.036.877 tons with a ratio increase of 7.23%. Within the period of time that is mentioned above, the contribution ratio of culture breed cattle in milk production reached 61.39% from 33.63%. However, in terms of milk cow productivity, Turkey is the 57th in the world. The cities of Konya, İzmir, Erzurum, Balıkesir, and Diyarbakır provide 21.74% of Turkey’s total milk cow existence, and 22.77% of the milk production total. In terms of agricultural subsidies which are provided by Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, husbandry took a share of 25.79% from the 14.5 billion TL total agricultural subsidies in 2018. According to the research results, directly or indirectly, husbandry contributes to decreasing development level differences between regions, and it helps to improve enterprises’ income levels in rural areas.

This investigation was conducted to evaluate the outcome of rice husk biochar on growth performance of moringa. The study was carried-out in a greenhouse for 52 days. Different rates of rice husk biochar (150 to 350 g) was mixed with 500 g of soil. A Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 3 treatments (each of which was replicated 3 times) was used, giving a total of 12 experimental units. Plant height, stem diameter and number of leaves were assessed for each treatment. Results indicate that rice husk biochar (150 g, 250 g and 350 g) significantly increased the stem diameter of moringa as compared to that of the control 52 days after in the greenhouse. An increase in the number of leaves were observed at 150 g rice husk biochar after 40 days compared to the control. There were significant differences between treatments effects on all the parameters. Different rates of biochar certainly could constitute vital use of fertilizer to improve growth moringa in the nursery.