This study was conducted with the aim of determining the probable effects of different real interest rates (RIR: 5, 6 and 7%), some key breeding criteria such as calving rate (CR: 80, 85 and 90%) and mean lactation milk yield per milking cow (MLML: 5000, 6000 and 7000 kg) on the financial evaluation indicators such as Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR) for a dairy cattle farm investment project taken as model, consisted of 100 heads of Holstein cows, which was established and operated during 20 years period in Turkey. In the study, firstly, current investment and annual operating costs for that kind of dairy cattle farm were determined according to optimal workmanship, housing, maintenance, feeding and health protection and then revenues were calculated from current sale prices of raw milk, slaughtered/breeding animal and manure. For each assumed different real interest rate, calving rate and mean lactation milk yield per milking cow, the parities of unit (1 kg) sale price of raw milk to unit (1 kg) cost of concentrate feed (M/F-parity) (current unit cost of concentrate feed was assumed as to be 1.00 Turkish Lira (TL) were calculated to make BCR that is one of the financial evaluation criteria for the investment projects, as to be 1.00. Calculations showed decreasing each 1% of the real interest rate in Turkey, increasing each 5% of calving rate and increasing each 1000 kg of mean lactation milk yield per milking cow had, separately, about 5-12% positive effect on the parity of unit (1 kg) sale price of raw milk to unit (1 kg) cost of concentrate feed.

Mercimek, Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgesinde kuru tarım yapılan alanlarda, buğday veya arpa ile münavebe yapılarak yetiştirilmektedir. Bu çalışma, mercimek üretim alanlarında bulunan yabancı ot türlerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla, Şanlıurfa ilinde yürütülmüştür. Yabancı ot türlerinin yaygınlık ve yoğunluklarının belirlenmesi amacıyla, 2014 yılında 70 mercimek tarlasında survey yapılmıştır. İncelenen tarlalardaki en yaygın türler %64,29, 55,71, 51,43, 50,00, 45,71 ve 44,29 oranlarıyla; Sinapis arvensis L. (yabani hardal), Avena sterilis L. (yabani yulaf), Cephalaria syriaca (L.) Schrader (pelemir), Triticum aestivum L. (kendi gelen buğday), Galium aparine L. (dilkanatan) ve Vaccaria hispanica (Mill.) Rauschert (arap baklası) olarak sıralanmıştır. Çalışma yapılan tarlalarda yaygın ve yoğun olmamasına rağmen bazı geofit ve endemik türlere de rastlanılmıştır. Bölgede daha önce yapılan çalışmalarla kıyaslandığında, yabancı ot türleri ile bu türlerin yaygınlık ve yoğunluklarında önemli düzeyde değişiklikler olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bu değişikliklerin bölgede sulanan alanların artmasından sonra bitki deseninin ve üretim şeklinin değişmesiyle birlikte, herbisit kullanımı başta olmak üzere bazı tarımsal uygulamaların değişmesi gibi nedenlerle gelecekte daha da artacağı tahmin edilmektedir.

New plantain hybrids plants have been developed but not much has been done on the post-harvest keeping quality of the fruits and how they are affected by microbial colonization. Hence fruits from a tetraploid hybrid PITA 2 (TMPx 548-9) obtained by crossing plantain varieties Obino l’Ewai and Calcutta 4 (AA) and two local triploid (AAB) plantain landraces Agbagba and Obino l’Ewai were subjected to various concentrations of acetic, sorbic and propionic acid to determine the impact of chemical concentration, chemical type and plantain variety on ripening and weight loss of plantain fruits. Analysis of titratable acidity, moisture content and total soluble solids showed that there were no significant differences between fruits of hybrid and local varieties. The longest time to ripening from harvest (24 days) was achieved with fruits of Agbagba treated with 3% propionic acid. However, fruits of PITA 2 hybrid treated with propionic and sorbic acid at 3% showed the longest green life which indicated that the chemicals may work better at higher concentrations. The Obino l’Ewai cultivar had the highest weight loss for all chemical types used. Modelling data obtained showed that plantain variety had the most significant effect on ripening and indicates that ripening of the fruits may depend on the plantain variety. It appears that weight loss of fruits from the plantain hybrid and local cultivars was not affected by the plantain variety, chemical type. The chemicals at higher concentrations may have an effect on ripening of the fruits and will need further investigation.

Bu çalışma, Salmonella spp. ile deneysel olarak kontamine edilen broiler pirzolalarının 4oC’de muhafazasında bu patojen üzerine asidifiye sodyum klorit (ASK) ve ASK içeren sosun etkilerini incelemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Örnekler 4oC’de muhafaza edilerek 0., 2., 3., 5. ve 7. günlerde Salmonella spp. yönünden incelenmiştir. Salmonella spp. sayısı bakımından hem günler hem de gruplar arasındaki farkın önemli olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Salmonella spp. sayısında en fazla azalma 2,14 log kob/g ile 1800 ppm ASK çözeltisi uygulanan grupta, en az etki ise 0,08 log kob/g ile 1200 ppm ASK içeren sos uygulanan grupta belirlenmiştir. Kontrol ve sadece marinat uygulanan gruplarda ise patojen sayısında artış belirlenmiştir. Araştırma sonunda Salmonella spp. sayısı üzerine en yüksek antimikrobiyel etkinin 1200 ppm ve 1800 ppm ASK içeren çözeltilerde 2 dakika bekletildikten sonra muhafaza edilen broiler pirzolalarında olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu nedenle, asidifiye sodyum klorit çözeltisinin broiler pirzolalarında Salmonella spp. riskinin azaltılmasında etkili olacağı sonucuna varılmıştır.

With starting healthy consumption awareness in people throughout world, olive oil demand has increased and it is expected that this demand will increase day by day. As a result of increase in the demand for olive oil, the rise in amount of olive pomace that emerges after olive oil production is evident. The differences in olive oil production methods result in varied wastes in terms of property and quantity. Olive mill waste water and olive pomace possessing 35-40% moisture come out in 3-phase system while only olive pomace possessing 60-70% moisture comes out in 2-phase system. The quantity and pollution degree of waste water coming out in 3-phase system are considerably high from 2-phase system. Recycling of 2-phase olive pomace containing also olive mill waste water, which is highly harmful for environment and is generally discharged to nature without any treatment, is considerably important by processing. This review gives information about the necessity of drying of olive pomace and related studies with this subject.

Pomegranate has been recently considered as a significant fruit for human health and demanded year-long apart from two-month standard harvest period. To extend market supply durations over longer periods, various methods and treatments should be applied to pomegranates to preserve quality parameters throughout different storage durations. The present study was conducted at cold storages of ÇOMÜ Agricultural Faculty to investigate the effects of 1-Methylcyclopropane (1-MCP) and MAP (LDPE, 20 mµ) treatments on quality attributes of ‘Hicaz’ pomegranate cultivar. Experimental materials were treated with two different doses (625 and 1250 ppb) of 1-MCP alone and combined with MAP (625 ppb + MAP and 1250 ppb + MAP) and stored at 3 different storage durations (40, 80 and 120 days). All fruits, including control group, were stored at 6.5-7.5°C temperature and 85-90% relative humidity. At the end of each storage period, fruits were subjected to weight loss (%), Total soluble solids (TSS) content (%), titratable total acidity (TTA) (%g), pH, grain color (a value), decay ratio (%) analyses and assessments were performed for these quality and biochemical characteristics. Both Doses of 1-MCP alone and combined with MAP treatments were found to be more efficient in decelerating the adverse effects on rotting, perishes and other quality parameters, however there were not significant differences between two doses of 1-MCP. Therefore, MAP or 625 ppb 1-MCP treatments alone or combined with MAP treatments can be recommended for better preservation of quality parameter throughout the storage of pomegranates.

This study was carried out to elucidate the impacts of zinc (Zn) treatments on growth, development, quality and yield of commonly sown bread wheat cultivars under field conditions of Çukurova Region. Three different bread wheat cultivars (Adana-99, Ceyhan-99 and Pandas) were experimented in randomized complete blocks-split plots experimental design with 3 replications. Field experiments were performed by two different Zn application methods; via soil and via soil+foliage. In the both trials, 0, 5, 10, 20, 30, and 40 kg ha-1 pure Zn doses were applied to the soil. 0.4% ZnSO4.7H2O solution was used for foliar Zn applications. Current findings revealed that Zn treatments had significant effects on grain yield, grain Zn concentration, grain phosphorus (P) concentration and thousand grain weight of bread wheat cultivars, but significant effects were not observed on grain protein concentrations. Soil+foliar Zn treatments were more effective in improving grain Zn concentrations. It was concluded that 10- 20 kg ha-1 Zn treatment was quite effective on grain Zn concentrations.

In this study, active secondary metabolite production capacity of actinomycete isolates obtained from Trabzon (Black Sea) sea sediments was investigated by molecular techniques. Totaly 24 actinomycetes were investigated by PCR based on the presence of secondary metabolite biosynthesis genes PKS / NRPS. According to the PCR results, 25 and 58% of actinomycetes obtained from Trabzon sea sediments were found to contain PKS-NRPS and only NRPS gene regions, respectively. When PCR data were evaluated, it was found that the production of the peptide form active secondary metabolite of the isolates by non-ribosomal way was higher than that of the secondary metabolite production by the PKS pathway. In addition, it has been determined that Black Sea marine sediments have high potential for active secondary metabolite production.

In broiler production which is based on fast and high live weight gains, it is important to provide nutrient and energy needs for the birds. Due to some problems in conventional feed materials that used to provide for these needs, alternative feed materials are required. Insects which in the chickens natural diets, are promising for this purpose. Among the most studied species as an alternative protein feed source, soldier fly (Hermetica illucens), housefly (Musca domestica), meadow grasshopper (Gryllus testaceus), silkworm (Bombyx mori), grasshopper (Acrididae) and mealworm (Tenebrio molitor).

Organik hayvansal üretim, hayvanların fizyolojik ihtiyaçlarına uygun bakım ve besleme yöntemlerinin uygulandığı, gerektiğinde alternatif ilaç ve tedaviye öncelik verilerek hayvan sağlığının korunduğu doğal bir yetiştirme sistemidir. Hayvan yetiştiriciliğinde kullanılan antibiyotik ve antiparaziter ilaçlara karşı dirençli suşların giderek artması, hayvansal ürünlerde ilaç kalıntılarının meydana gelmesi ve bu ürünleri tüketen insanlarda önemli sağlık problemlerine yol açması alternatif bitkisel çözüm arayışlarını beraberinde getirmiştir. Bu çalışmada, Orta Anadolu Bölgesi halk veteriner hekimliği özelinde kullanılan bitkisel drogların organik hayvansal üretimde tedavi ve koruyucu etkilerinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlandı. Çalışmanın materyalini, Orta Anadolu Bölgesi’ndeki (Çankırı, Kayseri, Kırıkkale, Kırşehir, Yozgat) hayvan yetiştiricilerinden elde edilen yazılı, sözlü ve görsel veriler oluşturdu. Çalışmada, sığır, koyun, at, tavuk, arı ve köpek türlerinde görülen iç hastalıkları, cerrahi hastalıklar, doğum ve jinekolojik sorunlar ve paraziter hastalıklarda tedavi amacıyla 30 bitkisel drogun kullanıldığı tespit edildi. Organik hayvancılıkta başta antibiyotikler olmak üzere her türlü sentetik ilaç kullanımının yasaklandığı ya da sınırlandığı değerlendirildiğinde, sürü sağlığının korunması ve tedavisinde bu maddelerin yerine doğal olan bitkisel drogların tercih edilmesinin olumlu katkılar sağlayacağı ileri sürülebilir.