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Tarımsal Değer Zincirinde Değer Yaratan Faaliyetlerin Belirlenmesi Полный текст
2018
Uğur Başer | Mehmet Bozoğlu
Değer zinciri, bir malın üretimiyle başlar, nihai ürünün tüketimiyle sona erer. Çalışmanın amacı, tarımsal değer zincirini açıklayarak, tarımsal değer zincirinde değer yaratan faaliyetleri ortaya koymaktır. Araştırmada literatür taraması yaklaşımından yararlanılmıştır. Tarımsal değer zincirinin yedi aşaması söz konusu olup, bunlar sırasıyla girdi tedariki, üretim, üretici örgütleri, tüccarlar, işleyiciler, toptancılar ve perakendeciler şeklindedir. Değer zincirinde ürün kalitesinin yükseltilmesi, üründe farklılaşma sağlanması ya da sistemin etkinliğinin artırılması yoluyla rakiplere karşı avantaj sağlanması hedeflenmektedir. Tarımsal ürünlerin üretim maliyetlerine, kullanılan girdi miktarından teknoloji transferine kadar birçok unsur etki etmekte iken, organik tarım ve iyi tarım uygulamaları gibi yaklaşımlarla üründe farklılaşma sağlanarak değer yaratılabilmektedir. Tarım sektöründe büyük işletmeler değer zincirini bir bütün olarak ele alabilmelerine rağmen, süreçten erken çıkmak zorunda kalan küçük ve orta ölçekli işletmelerin süreçte kalabildikleri sürece değer yaratan faaliyetlere odaklanmaları gerekmektedir. Değer zinciri analizi yaklaşımıyla tarım sektöründeki bazı temel sorunların çözümüne katkı sağlanması mümkün olabilecektir.
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Optimally Rating of Biogas, Compost, Vermicompost Facilities to be Installed in Yozgat Province with ARAS and COPRAS Methods Полный текст
2018
Rahim Arslan | HÜdaverdi Bircan | Hasan Eleroğlu
In this study, biogas, compost and vermicompost plant location selection problem, and the optimal order of the facilities planned to be established are considered as a multi-criteria decision making problem. This study was carried out in order to determine the optimal suitability of biogas, compost and vermicompost (worm manure) production facilities obtained from pre-feasibility study in order to determine and evaluate the animal and slaughterhouse wastes that were exposed in Yozgat region. The facilities included in the ranking were determined within the scope of the in Pre-Feasibility and Investment Conformity Study Project for Recycling of Animal Wastes in the TR72 Region Sır. The total investment amount to be established in Yozgat province is $249.9 million and 15 biogas which can generate 69 MW / hour of electricity with an income of 149 million dollars / year. 11 compost production centres with a total investment value of $7 million and revenue of $4.4 million / year; Optimum ordering of 3 production centre facilities with a total investment value of 1.7 million dollars and a revenue of 1.9 million dollars / year and a total of 2.746 tons / year vermicompost was made. Ordering was performed using ARAS and COPRAS methods. The first three sequences proposed in the ranking of clusters of facilities that can be established are as follows; biogas clusters 8, 11 and 15; compost clusters 5, 9, 3; vermicompost sets 2, 1 and 3.
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Doğu Karadeniz Sahili Batlama Deresi’nde Dağılım Gösteren Bazı Balık Türlerinde Ağır Metal Birikiminin Değerlendirilmesi Полный текст
2018
Mustafa Türkmen | Ekrem Mutlu | Sena Zebel | Aysun Türkmen
Bu araştırma Temmuz 2011 ve Mayıs 2012 tarihleri arasında mevsimsel olarak gerçekleştirilmiş olup çalışmada Giresun sahillerinde denize dökülen Batlama Deresi’nde dağılım gösteren bazı balık türlerinin kas ve solungaç dokularındaki ağır metal birikimleri değerlendirilmiştir. Analiz edilen balıklarda ağır metal birikimleri ortalama ppm olarak kas dokuda; Co: 1,47-1,64 Cr: 0,09-0,36, Cu: 0,92-11,0, Fe: 8,01-17,6, Mn: 1,46-2,20, Ni: 2,69-3.55, Pb: 1,83-2,63, Zn: 9,80-17,0; solungaçta; Co: 2,14-3,99, Cr: 0,20-0,58, Cu: 1,32-22,6, Fe: 52,2-140, Mn: 13,1-20,3, Ni: 7,85-13,6, Pb: 2,75-6,28, Zn: 37,5-80,8 düzeylerinde bulunmuştur. Bunun yanı sıra çalışmada, kas doku için günlük ve haftalık alımlar hesaplanmıştır. Bu değerler uluslararası kuruluşlar tarafından bildirilen sınır değerlerinin altında olduğundan, çalışmanın yapıldığı zaman, çalışılan türler ve metaller açısından bu bölgede yakalanarak tüketilen balıkların insan sağlığı üzerine herhangi bir tehdit oluşturmayacağı söylenebilir.
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Land Ownership and Profitability of Greenhouse Production: Antalya Case Полный текст
2018
Rahmiye Figen Ceylan | Cengiz Sayın | Makbule Nisa Mencet Yelboğa | Meral Özalp | Eda İlbasmış | Oya Sav
Agricultural production and income are important for Mediterranean region of Turkey. The region and especially Antalya province is well-known with greenhouse production. For greenhouse production achieving sustainability is important for meeting domestic and foreign demand and security of production lands. In order to measure the potential for improving greenhouse operators 281 farmers were surveyed in 2015 in Antalya and profit inefficiency and factors affecting inefficiencies of operators were estimated using stochastic frontier approach. Accordingly, the average inefficiency level of operators was found as 57 %, signifying the potential for improvement. The main objective was to undermine the impact of landownership on this inefficiency level. Yet, the impact of other relevant factors referring to greenhouse structures and famers’ characteristics were estimated as well. While level of education seemed to reduce inefficiency, household size had appeared as an inefficiency rising factor referring to professional labour endowment of greenhouse production in Antalya. Being renter of land appeared as an inefficiency rising factor as well as holding plastic house or having located in the western parts of Antalya. These findings indicated importance of supporting improved production technologies and use of strengthened structures. In addition, it appeared as essential to provide incentives to renters to cope with their costs.
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Jelatinin Fonksiyonel Özellikleri ve Gıda Sanayinde Kullanımı Полный текст
2018
Aydın Erge | Ömer Zorba
Jelatin, hayvansal dokuların temel ve yapısal bir proteini olan kolajenin hidrolizi sonucu elde edilen protein yapısındaki bir gıda katkı maddesidir. Kolajenin üçüncül, ikincil ve kısmen birincil protein yapılarının bozulmasını içeren birtakım işlemler sonucu elde edilen jelatin, suda çözünür bir maddedir. Jelatin, hayvanların deri, beyaz bağ doku ve kemiklerinden elde edilen, yüksek molekül ağırlığına sahip önemli bir hidrokolloiddir. Gıda endüstrisinde jelleşme ve kıvam artırıcı olması sebebiyle geniş bir kullanım alanına sahiptir. Jelatini diğer hidrokolloidlerden ayıran en önemli farklılıkları insan vücut sıcaklığının altındaki sıcaklıklarda geri dönüşlü olarak eriyebilmesi, hayvansal kaynaklı doğal protein yapısında olması ve GRAS statüde bir katkı maddesi olmasıdır. Bu derlemede jelatin üretimi amacıyla kullanılan mevcut ve alternatif kaynaklar, jelatinin kendine özgü fonksiyonel özellikleri, erime ve jelleşme özellikleri, yüzey davranış özellikleri ve bunların bir sonucu olarak ise gıda sanayindeki geniş kullanım alanları açıklanmaya çalışılmıştır.
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Ege Bölgesi Zeytinyağlarının Fenolik Bileşenleri Полный текст
2018
Hasan Hüseyin Kara | Mustafa Kıralan | Eda Çalıkoğlu | Ali Bayrak
Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’de başlıca zeytin yetiştiriciliği yapan Ege bölgesinin bazı illerinden (Muğla, Aydın, İzmir ve Manisa) 2 hasat dönemi (2007-2008 ve 2008-2009) süresince yerli zeytin çeşitlerinin (Gemlik, Memecik, Ayvalık, Uslu ve Domat) yağı incelenmiştir. Bu yağların toplam fenolik madde ve fenolik bileşimi belirlenmiştir. Yağların toplam fenolik madde içeriği, 2007-2008 hasat dönemi örneklerinde 23,69-153,64 mg kafeik asit/kg, 2008-2009 hasat dönemi örneklerinde 16,18-136,22 mg kafeik asit/kg aralığında belirlenmiştir. Tüm zeytinyağı örneklerinde tespit edilen fenolik maddeler; tirozol, oleuropein, 4-hidroksifenil asetik asit, luteolin, vanilik asit, hidroksitirozol, rutin, sinnamik asit, verbaskozit, hidroksi fenilkarboksilik asit, sirinjik asit, 3,4-dihidroksibenzoik asit, kafeik asit, ferulik asit, p-kumarik asit, taksifolin ve apigenindir. Tirozol ve oleuropeinin, 2007-2008 hasat döneminde 1,80-13,39 mg/kg, 1,26-19,50 mg/kg ve 2008-2009 hasat döneminde ise 1,76-11,66 mg/kg, 0,20-13,12 mg/kg aralığında en fazla miktarda değişen bileşenler olduğu saptanmıştır.
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Effect of Pulsed Ultraviolet Light on Natural Microbial Load and Antioxidant Properties of Fresh Blueberries Полный текст
2018
Senem Guner | Zeynal Topalcengiz
Blueberries have been drawn more attention in recent years for their antioxidant capacities and proposed health benefits. Pulsed ultraviolet (PUV) light is known for its disinfection effects on the surface of fresh fruits. This study’s aim was to examine the effects of PUV light on naturally present microbial load, antioxidant capacity, and antioxidant enzyme activity of fresh blueberries. Fresh blueberry samples were treated for 30, 60, 90, and 120 s. Samples were stabilized at 13 cm away from the PUV lamp before treatment. Total Aerobic Plate Count (TAPC) and yeast and mold count reduction were observed the highest in samples treated for 90 s, 1.97 and 1.27 log CFU/g, respectively. Antioxidant capacity levels were significantly different for treated samples for 60 and 90 s in FRAP analysis, whereas no differences were observed in results of DPPH analysis. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity as antioxidant enzyme had no difference, however, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) increased by 50% with PUV treatment for 120 s. PUV light treatment of fresh blueberries for 90 s was determined as ideal exposure time among tested time intervals of this study. PUV light illumination can generally enhance antioxidant capacity and antioxidant enzyme activity of fresh blueberries and decrease the population of natural microorganisms of fresh blueberries and similar small fruits.
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]The Investigation of Antidiabetic Effects of Leontice leontopetalum Extract on Human Pancreatic β Cell Lines (1.1B4) Treated with Streptozotocin Полный текст
2018
Celal Güven | Eylem Taşkın | Önder Yumrutaş | Leyla Türker Şener | Fulya Dal | Mufide Ahbab | İbrahim Bozgeyik | Işıl Albeniz | Haydar Bağış | Mustafa Pehlivan | Fatih Üçkardeşler | Handan Akçakaya
One of the alternative therapeutic methods is herbal medicine. Leontice leontopetalum belongs to Berberidaceae family. The aim of study was investigated the extract of LL on human pancreatic beta cell-treated with STZ. Materials and methods: The human pancreatic beta cell (1.1B4) line was used the current study. LL’s extracts (1, 10, 100, and 1000 ug/ml) were supplemented in media for twenty-four hours and/or after STZ treatment (10 and 20 mM). Cells survivals (MTT), cells proliferation were shown by using xCelligence. Insulin content and releasing were measured at 1.1, 8.4 and 16.7 mM glucose concentrations. Results: The result of MTT was shown that cell survival was decreased, based on dose-dependent. When looked at xCelligence results, cell proliferation in STZ groups and the lowest and highest concentrations of LL were attenuated in a dose-dependent manner. Also, cotreatments of LL and STZ were decreased as well. The result of insulin-releasing on glucose induction was shown that STZ concentration gave rise to reduce insulin content at low and high glucose levels. Also, co-treatment of LL and STZ attenuated insulin content based on dose. Conclusion: It was considered that LL treatment led to increased insulin realizing, resulting from decreasing insulin content in diabetic beta cells, but decrease cell survival.
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Effects of Disbudding, Re-Cutting and Wounding in Grafted Grapevine Sapling Production Полный текст
2018
Rüstem Cangi | Gözde Öncel Deveci
Effects of Disbudding, Re-Cutting and Wounding in Grafted Grapevine Sapling Production Полный текст
2018
Rüstem Cangi | Gözde Öncel Deveci
In this study, the effects of re-cutting, wounding and disbudding over the base of dormant rootstock cuttings on the grafting success, final take and grapevine sapling quality in grafted grapevine sapling production were investigated. Five different treatments were experimented in this study as of T-1 (in which the base of the rootstock was cut and two distal buds from the base were disbud (standard application); T-2 (in which the base of the rootstock was not cut but two distal buds were disbud); T-3 (in which only the base of the rootstock was cut); T-4 (in which the base of the rootstock was cut and three buds were disbud) and T-5 (in which the base of the rootstock was crashed with a hammer and two distal buds were disbud). Scions of Royal cultivar were grafted on 5BB,1613 Couderc and 140 Ruggeri rootstocks by omega grafting machine. Grafted cuttings were planted and grown in plastic pots in a greenhouse. The callusing development and rooting performance of grafted cuttings, the final take of the first grade of the sapling and sapling itself, final take of potted grafted saplings, fresh and dry matter weight of shoot and root were evaluated. The existence of bud on base of rootstock and re-cutting of the base affected graft success positively. Re-cutting of 140 Ru rootstock of the base positively affected callusing and root development. Graft success ratios ranged from 71% (140 Ru, T-3) to 100% (1613C, T-2). Total final take ratios varied between 25% (140 Ru, T-3) and 90% (5BB, T-3) and the final take of the first grade ranged from 2.5% (140 Ru, T-2) to 37% (1613C, T-2,3,4). The existence of bud on the base portion of rootstock had a positive effect on final take and sapling quality parameters. As a result, existence of bud on the base of rootstock positively affected the graft success, shoot and root quality. Re-cutting of the base of the 140 Ru had a positive effect on graft success and final take ratios. In order to reduce the labour costs, there is no need to cut the base portion of 1613 C and 5BB rootstocks.
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]COMBINING ABILITY OF WATERLOGGING TOLERANCE IN WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.) Полный текст
2022
Simsek, Serap | Unay, Aydin
The mean performance and combining abilities of cross combinations derived from a complete diallel mating and their parents were evaluated under waterlogging conditions. Analysis of variance for combining abilities indicated significant GCA (general combining ability) and SCA (specific combining ability) for single spike yield, SPAD (soil plant analysis development) and leaf area; GCA for NDVI (normalised differences vegetation index) and SCA for Fe and Mn contents in roots and membrane thermal stability. The parents Stendal, Beşköprü and Pamukova 97 were the best combiners in terms of waterlogging tolerance, while Beşköprü × Pamukova 97, Pamukova 97 × Beşköprü, Stendal × Pamukova 97, Stendal × Beşköprü and Beşköprü × Hanlı were identified as the best cross combinations, with high positive specific combining ability effects for most waterlogging related characters.
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Şalgam Suyu Üretiminde Gerçekleştirilen Havuç Fermantasyonu Sırasında Mikrobiyal Değişim Üzerine Sıcaklığın Etkisi Полный текст
2018
Akkız Çankaya | Hasan Tangüler
Şalgam Suyu Üretiminde Gerçekleştirilen Havuç Fermantasyonu Sırasında Mikrobiyal Değişim Üzerine Sıcaklığın Etkisi Полный текст
2018
Akkız Çankaya | Hasan Tangüler
Ülkemize özgü geleneksel fermente bitkisel ürünlerimizden biri olan şalgam suyu üretimi ile ilgili standart bir teknik ve kullanılan sıcaklık bulunmamaktadır. Bununla beraber Adana, İçel, Hatay gibi illerimizde oldukça popüler olan şalgam suyu üretiminde genellikle endüstriyel boyutta geleneksel yöntem adı verilen bir yöntem kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, şalgam suyu üretiminde geleneksel yöntem kullanılarak farklı sıcaklığın mikrobiyal flora üzerine etkisine bakılmıştır. Bu amaçla öncelikle hamur fermantasyonu gerçekleştirilerek ekstrakt elde edilmiş ve ardından diğer hammaddeler ile karıştırılarak havuç fermantasyonu farklı sıcaklıklarda (10°C, 22°C ve 35°C) gerçekleştirilmiştir. Denemelerde fermantasyon sırasında ortamda bulunan laktik asit bakterileri (LAB), toplam mezofil aerob bakteri (TMAB), koliform bakteri (KB) ve toplam maya (TM) sayıları belirlenmiştir. Fermantasyonun başlamasıyla beraber LAB, TMAB ve TM sayılarında artış ve KB sayısında bir azalma gözlenmiştir. İlave olarak farklı sıcaklık uygulaması, havuç fermantasyonunun süresi üzerinde de önemli derecede etkiye neden olmuştur. Sıcaklık arttıkça fermantasyon süresi kısalmıştır.
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Measurement of fruit color-heterogeneity index and their relation to Jatropha curcas L., oil in Colombia Полный текст
2017
Campuzano Duque, Luis Fernando | Cardeño, Fernando
Jatropha curcas L. is a wild species in the domestication process with an oil and biofuel potential use. The evolutionary-adaptive processes have conferred a reproductive mechanism based on protogyny-geitonogamy, achieving a floral asynchrony addressed to ensure the outcrossing and survival in extreme climate and soil conditions. In the wild, this plant performs a fruit heterogeneity, an unattractive attribute for harvest timing. Therefore, this research aimed to determine the number of harvest, yield and proportion, and physiological states of fruit maturity with the maximum oil quantity and quality. A randomized complete block factorial arrangement of treatments design was performed. The varieties and stages of fruit ripeness, were the factors. A relation of 19: 31: 36: 14 with fruits pericarp colors: green: yellow: yellow-brown: brown, was obtained. The best harvest timing was during the yellow-brown state, which represented the highest oil content associated with high oleic acid and linoleic contents. Nevertheless, for a fruit harvest timing, the use of the epicarp color index is recommended. These results suggest the floral asynchrony breeding traits, requires the ensuring of the fruit homogeneity for mechanical or manual harvesting.
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Measurement of fruit color-heterogeneity index and their relation to Jatropha curcas L., oil in Colombia Полный текст
2017
Campuzano-Duque, Luis Fernando | Cardeño, Fernando
Abstract Jatropha curcas L. is a wild species in the domestication process with an oil and biofuel potential use. The evolutionary-adaptive processes have conferred a reproductive mechanism based on protogyny-geitonogamy, achieving a floral asynchrony addressed to ensure the outcrossing and survival in extreme climate and soil conditions. In the wild, this plant performs a fruit heterogeneity, an unattractive attribute for harvest timing. Therefore, this research aimed to determine the number of harvest, yield and proportion, and physiological states of fruit maturity with the maximum oil quantity and quality. A randomized complete block factorial arrangement of treatments design was performed. The varieties and stages of fruit ripeness, were the factors. A relation of 19: 31: 36: 14 with fruits pericarp colors: green: yellow: yellow-brown: brown, was obtained. The best harvest timing was during the yellow-brown state, which represented the highest oil content associated with high oleic acid and linoleic contents. Nevertheless, for a fruit harvest timing, the use of the epicarp color index is recommended. These results suggest the floral asynchrony breeding traits, requires the ensuring of the fruit homogeneity for mechanical or manual harvesting. | Resumen Jatropha curcas L., es una especie silvestre en proceso de domesticación con potencial para usar su aceite como biocombustible. Los procesos evolutivos-adaptativos le han conferido un mecanismo reproductivo basado en la protoginia-geitonogamia que garantiza la asincronía floral como una forma de asegurar la alogamia y supervivencia en condiciones extremas de clima y suelo. En condición silvestre esta planta presenta heterogeneidad de los frutos, atributo poco atractivo para la cosecha. Por esta razón, se realizó este estudio, para determinar el número de cosechas, rendimiento y la proporción y estados de madurez fisiológica del fruto con la máxima cantidad y calidad del aceite. Se utilizó un diseño de bloques completos al azar con arreglo factorial de tratamientos; los factores fueron variedades y estados de madurez del fruto. Se obtuvo una relación 19:31:36:14 de frutos con el color del pericarpio verde: amarillo: amarillo-café: café, respectivamente. La mejor época de cosecha fue el estado amarillo-café que representó el mayor contenido de aceite asociado con alto contenido de ácido oleico y linoelico. Para la cosecha oportuna del fruto se recomienda utilizar el índice de color del epicarpio. Estos resultados sugieren que el carácter asincronía floral requiere de mejora genética que asegure la homogeneidad de frutos para la cosecha manual o mecánica.
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