In this study, tetracycline and streptomycin group antibiotic residues were investigated in packaged and open sold honey. For this purpose, a total of 60 honey samples, which were 30 of each were used as material. Honey samples were taken from various sales places located in Sivas province. ELISA method was used for the analysis and commercial test kits were used. According to the analysis results; tetracycline was found in 73.3% (22 samples) of the packaged honey and streptomycin was found in all samples. Tetracycline and streptomycin were determined as positive in open honeys were respectively 60% (18 samples) and 93.3% (28 samples). Tetracycline levels were between 0.12-371.43 ppb (mean 13.91 ± 12.33) in packaged honey and 0.02-13.32 ppb (mean 1.75 ± 0.5) in open honeys. Streptomycin levels were 1.30-250.2 ppb (mean 25.8 ± 10.8) in packaged honey and 0.19-22.71 ppb (mean 8.21 ± 5.2) in open honeys. Antibiotic residue was not found in one sample of open honeys. The findings suggest that, although illegal, some medicines are used in beekeeping or that bees are exposed to antibiotics that are added to the feed or water of other animals. These findings pose a potential risk to the consumer.

This study was conducted in two locations have different altitudes in the cities which have different climates as Ankara, Ordu, Erzurum, Mersin. The purpose of this work was to define some physiological properties of the bees such as the survivability of colony, wintering ability, usage of stoked honey and to discuss all these data. This study lasted two years and the second year was the continuation of the first year. At the beginning of the year, colonies which has the same genotype were equalized as number of combs covered with bees, stocked honey and brood areas and so on. According to the data analysis, it was obtained that the quantity of the stocked honey was not statistically significant by the region×altitude×year interaction. However, year×region and region×altitude interactions were statistically significant. Similarly, it was obtained that the wintering ability was not statistically significant by the region×altitude×year interaction. The only year×region interaction was statistically significant. Also, descriptive statistics obtained for the survivability of the colonies (%) during the first and second year was added statistically to this application. As a result, this work showed that migratory beekeepers could reevaluate the regions which have the microclimate properties in Aegean, Mediterranean, and the Black Sea. And new research should be made by adding different species of honeybees for the performance of overwintering in different climates.

Today, the effects of climate change in the world are manifest in all its reality. These changes were being affected Turkey as well as the world, regions and provinces leads to a difference in some. In this study, projections of 10, 15 and 20 and 50 years of future maximum averages have been made according to the provinces in some regions by using the maximum average datas of the past 50 years of Ankara, Kars, Aydın and Sinop provinces selected especially from different regions to evaluate the climatic changes. According to the results of the analysis, the total average temperature data between 1966-2015 was 17.90°C in Ankara, Kars 11.69°C, Aydın 24.50°C and Sinop average temperature was 17.28°C When compared in 2016-2065 projections, it is seen that there will be changes in average temperatures in parallel with climate change. In Northeastern Anatolia, the highest temperature increase is foreseen with 3.45°C, followed by Sinop, a Black Sea province, with 1.99°C. Ankara, which has a continental climate of Central Anatolia, is estimated to be 1.77°C and it is thought that the Aegean province Aydın will be exposed to a temperature increase of 1.55°C at the lowest rate. Other forecasts are predicted to have the highest temperature changes in Kars and Aydın’s minimum temperature changes. The detection of temperature changes in the study is considered to be important in terms of planning agricultural activities accordingly as well as regulating urbanization and water use and taking measures.

Although the milk’s predominant microflora consists of lactic acid bacteria, it is probable that pathogenic bacteria such as Listeria, Brucella, Mycobacterium, Staphylococcus, Escherichia coli O157: H7 and Salmonella are also present. Due to the fact that milk contains components with high nutritional value and therefore suitable for the growth of microorganisms, the microorganism populations in the milk can reach to the numbers that can threat human health in a short time. Therefore, it is very important to ensure the microbial safety of the milk before it is consumed. Microfiltration, one of the techniques that can be used for this purpose, physically separates the microorganisms from the milk by passing the milk through the membranes having pores with certain diameters by the effect of pressure. Studies on the microorganism load of milk that microfiltration is used showed that the number of microorganisms in milk generally decreases depending on the working conditions such as pore diameters of the membranes, the initial microorganism load of milk, temperature and pressure. The membranes used in microfiltration technique are chosen according to the purpose. It is known that membranes with a pore diameter of 1,4 µm cause a pasteurization effect and membranes with a pore diameter of 0,2 µm cause a sterilization effect. Therefore, the choice of suitable membrane is very important for microfiltration application. Several studies have been done on the effect of microfiltration on extension of shelf life in drinking milk, the removal of bacterial spores which can withstand high temperatures and can cause milk deterioration of milk, the production of dairy products like cheese without damaging the natural components of milk. These researches are important in terms of providing information on a technique that allows the removal of pathogen microorganisms which cause a risk for public health and can cause food poisoning in case of consumption of raw milk and raw milk cheeses, without any change in the natural structure of milk.

Bioactive compounds, called phytochemicals, are produced as secondary metabolites in plants that have beneficial effects on health when they are consumed as nutrients. Phytochemicals have an effective role in the formation of the color, smell and taste of the plants. As an alternative to the synthetic materials used in the treatment of many chronic diseases, the interest in the use of plants phytochemicals have been increased. This trend has led to the development of a new market. This review includes biological activities of plant phytochemicals including antioxidant, antimicrobial, antifungal, antidiabetic, antiinflammatory, anticancer and antihypertensive properties.

The aim of this study is to determine the effects of adding different levels (0, 50, 100, 200, 300 and 400 mg/kg) of orange peel oil to the laying quail diets on performance, eggshell quality and some serum parameters. During the experiment, a total of 120 female Japanese quails at the age of 20 weeks were randomly distributed to 6 treatment groups with 4 replicates, each with 5 quail, for six weeks. The supplementation of different levels orange peel oil to the diets did not affect the performance and eggshell quality parameters, except for eggshell thickness. Eggshell thickness was significantly reduced with the addition of orange peel oil to the diet, and this decrease was more pronounced at the level of 200 mg / kg. Serum glucose, creatinine, albumin, globulin, total protein, ALT and AST concentrations were not affected by orange peel oil. Serum cholesterol concentration considerably declined with the supplementation of 400 mg / kg orange peel oil to the diet. Serum calcium level significantly improved with the addition of 100 and 200 mg / kg orange peel oil to the diet compared to the control group. Additionally, serum phosphorus concentration was considerably increased by 100 mg / kg and more levels orange peel oil. According to these results, it is possible to say that the orange essential oil has the effect of reducing cholesterol at 400 mg / kg and improving mineral metabolism at 100 mg / kg, but this positive effect could not prevent the decrease in eggshell thickness.

Enterococcus species with lipolytic and proteolytic properties can pass directly from animal faeces or indirectly from contaminated water, equipment or storage tanks into milk. The present study focused on isolation and identification of Enterococcus species and to determine the microbiological characteristics of traditionally produced civil cheese. TMAB, Coliform, Enterococus and yeast-mold counts of 40 civil cheese samples made by traditional method were determined. In addition, Enterococus species was isolated and identified with Vitek2 compact system. total mesophilic aerobic bacteria counts were 8.22 log cfu/g; the number of the number of Enterococci were 5.77 log cfu/g, Coliform bacteria count were of 4.18 log cfu/ g and the number of yeast and mould were 6.35 log cfu/g. It was determined that the isolated 75 Enterococcus strains consisted of 33 Enterococcus faecalis, 23 Enterococcus durans, 12 Enterococcus faecium and 6 Enterococcus gallinarum and 1 Enterococcus avium. As a result, because of the production of fresh civil cheese under unhygienic conditions, its microbiological quality is low. This situation poses a potential health hazard to consumers.

The aim of this study was to determine the yield and various quality characteristics of two different strawberry cultivars (Fragaria x ananassa var. Festival and Camarosa), grown in the ecological conditions of Sultanhisar, Aydın, Turkey. The study was conducted over two years, in ten randomly selected open grown plantations for each of the two cultivars. When the fruits reached harvest maturity, they were harvested and their yield values, mean fruit weight, fruit diameter, fruit length, fruit firmness, colour, pH, titrable acidity, water-soluble dry matter, vitamin C content, total antioxidant capacity and total phenolics were determined. According to the results obtained, yield values fell in the second year of the study, but mean fruit weight, diameter and length increased. Similarly, the fruit firmness of both varieties was considerably greater in the second year, and these differences between the years were found to be statistically significant. While the highest antioxidant capacity and phenolic content were obtained from the Festival cultivar, the highest vitamin C content was found in the Camarosa cultivar. The changes of total antioxidant capacity and the amount of total phenolics according to years of both varieties were found to be statistically significant.

Both industrial and academic fields, 3-dimensional (3D) printing of food materials is one of the most interesting subjects. Taking attention with its errorless product handling, easy adaptation for personalized nutrition and sustainable properties, 3D printing of foods is also having a potential in the field of health and nutritious products. In this review, potential connection between meat products, personalized nutrition and 3D printing were mentioned briefly. After that, basic working principles of 3D printers and applicability for meat products were explained. Assessment of meat process waste, advantages and limitations, concept of printability and studies in this field were explained and discussed in details.