The productivity of tomato in Nepal is very low due to lack of high yielding, disease and pests resistant varieties. An experiment was carried out to evaluate horticultural traits of 50 genotypes obtained from World Vegetable Centre (WorldVeg), Taiwan and SAARC region, and local collections during March to August 2020 in open field conditions at National Horticulture Research Centre, Khumaltar, Lalitpur. The objectives were to identify promising open-pollinated tomato cultivars for high yield, appropriate fruit size, and disease resistant. The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Results showed significant differences in yield and yield attributing characters including virus infection. The highest yield (39.6 mt ha-1) was produced by HRA43 and it was followed by HRA33 (26.4 mt ha-1). Among the WorldVeg OP lines, AVTO1429 produced the highest yield (16.21 mt ha-1) and it was followed by AVTO1717 (12.95 mt ha-1), AVTO0922 (11.83 mt ha-1) and AVTO1219 (11.7 mt ha-1) respectively. Most of the WorldVeg lines performed better than the check variety ‘Pusa Ruby’. Genotype HRA43, Red Local and Sindhupalchock Local were not affected by virus while Yellow Local showed 3.3% infection. Among the WorldVeg lines, AVTO1712 (20%), AVTO1717 (20%) and AVTO1718 (13%) and AVTO1219 (15%) showed less than 20% virus infection in the open field conditions. Cluster analysis using the unweighted paired group method with arithmetic mean showed that cluster-1 was the largest cluster comprised of 40 genotypes followed by cluster-2 and cluster-4. Genotypes from cluster-4 showed the higher fruit yield (25.1 mt ha-1) and resistant to the virus and the highest number of fruits per plot (1978 in 4.5 m2 area). The yield was low in cluster-1 which could be due to the heavy rainfall during the vegetative and reproductive stages. Genotypes Red Local and Sindhupalchock Local could be used in future tomato breeding program due to their resistant to TYLCV, higher potential yield and highest plant vigour in open field conditions at the mid-hill of Nepal. Considering the overall performance, genotype HRA43, HRA33 and AVTO1429 were promising lines with performance for yield and other horticultural traits.

The aim of this study was to investigate the possibilities of using various flour substitutes instead of wheat flour in the production of tarhana, which is a fermented food. In the studies examined for this purpose, various legume and cereal flours (oats, quinoa, lupine, wheat germ, chickpeas, beans, corn, rice, buckwheat and lentil flours), tomato paste production waste (tomato seed, tomato pulp, pepper seed, pepper pulp), potato starch, chestnut flour, carob flour, hazelnut pulp, almond pulp, and fish meat were substituted for wheat flour. With these substitutions used instead of wheat flour in the production of tarhana, it was aimed to increase the nutritional properties of the tarhana, improve its sensory properties and quality features. Alternative flours used in the production of tarhana were investigated in this study. According to the results obtained from the compiled studies, tarhana produced with the use of substitute flour will be an alternative to demand of consumers with high functional, natural and nutritional quality.

Many different natural materials are used in complementary medicine. Among natural products, herbal materials are used quite a lot. Centaurea rigida Willd. was used as material in this study. The antioxidant and oxidant potential of the plant was determined. The aerial parts of the plant sample were extracted with ethanol in a soxhlet device. Antioxidant and oxidant potentials were measured with Rel Assay kits. As a result of the studies, the total antioxidant value of the plant was determined as 3.522±0.166, the total oxidant value as 15.424±0.281 and the oxidative stress index as 0.440±0.020. It was determined that the plant has antioxidant potential, but its oxidant values are high. As a result, it was determined that C. rigida could be used as a natural antioxidant source.

Bu çalışmada, 2017 yılından 2021'e kadar beş generasyon boyunca ıslah ve seleksiyonu sürdürülen Anadolu-T etlik piliç saf hatlarının gelişme ve karkas özelliklerinin ticari hibritle karşılaştırmalı olarak ortaya koyulması amaçlanmıştır. Her generasyonda seleksiyon işleminden sonra yeterli sayıda saf hat (A1, A2, A3, B1, B2) ve ticari hibrit (Ross-308) yumurtaları kuluçka edilerek her genotipten 120 dişi-erkek civciv üretilmiştir. Etlik piliçler 6 hafta süreyle etlik piliç üretim standartlarında yetiştirilmiş ve bu süre sonunda kesim ve karkas özellikleri belirlenmiştir. Gelişme özellikleri olarak canlı ağırlık (CA), yemden yararlanma oranı (YYO) ve yaşama gücü; karkas özellikleri olarak göğüs ve but eti oranı ele alınmıştır. Beş generasyon boyunca 6 haftalık yaşta en yüksek ortalama CA ve en iyi YYO Ross-308 ticari hibritlerde (CA: 2961,2 ile 3481,2 g ve YYO: 1,43 ile 1,60 arasında) elde edilmiştir ve bunu sırasıyla baba (CA: 2633,8 ile 3180,2 g ve YYO: 1,65 ile 1,77 arasında) ve ana hatları (CA: 2307,7 ile 2698,5 g ve YYO: 1,65 ile 1,78 arasında) izlemiştir. Saf hatların yaşama gücü generasyonlara bağlı sayısal farklılıklar gösterse de ticari hibritle genel olarak benzer (%96-100) gerçekleşmiştir. Hem ana hem de baba hatların göğüs oranı ticari hibrite göre daha düşük iken, saf hatlarda but oranının daha yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir. Saf hatların beş generasyonluk kısa bir seleksiyon geçmişine sahip olması henüz yeterli bir değerlendirmeye imkân vermemektedir. Ana ve baba hatlarında bireysel yemden yararlanma testine ek olarak baba hatlarında canlı ağırlık ve göğüs alanı özelliklerinin de seleksiyon kriteri olarak kullanılmasının canlı ağırlık ve yemden yararlanmayı iyileştirmesi beklenmektedir.

Şalgam (Shalgam) beverage, which is manufactured by lactic acid-ethanol fermentation, takes its name from turnip radish and its purple-reddish colour from purple carrot, is a drink with certain turbidity and sour taste. This research was carried out to determine the effect of using an autochthonous starter culture and purple carrot size in şalgam production. For this purpose, with the direct production process, purple carrot in two different sizes (4 cm horizontally cut purple carrot or 12 cm vertically cut purple carrot) and şalgam with the addition of 3% L. plantarum was produced. The added starter culture enabled the fermentation to start quickly and the maximum total acidity and LAB count was reached earlier. Besides, the addition of starter culture significantly affected the overall composition of şalgam. In the production of shalgam beverage, the use of horizontally cut purple carrot and L. plantarum as an autochthonous starter culture can be recommended.

This study was carried out to determine the growth and reproductive performance of Karayaka sheep in Amasya province within the scope of National Animal Breeding Project. Data were collected from 17529 Karayaka lambs of 20120 Karayaka sheep which were born during 2012 to 2015 birth season. In this study, the live weights, survival rates of the lambs in various periods and reproductive traits of Karayaka ewes were investigated. In this study, the live weights, daily live weight gain, survival rates (90th day) and reproductive traits of Karayaka ewes were investigated. The averages of reproductive traits of Karayaka sheep such as infertility, fertility, twins, fecundity, litter size and survival rate were 13.8%, 86.2%, 7.20%, 0.867, 1.01 and 89.0% respectively. The effects of year, sex and type of birth on the birth weights and the live weights of 90 days (weaning) of Karayaka lambs were found to be significant. Daily live weight gain was affected only by year and sex.

This study was aimed to evaluate DNA fragmentation by using Comet assay in naturally infected sheep with Anaplasmosis before and after treatment with the Comet method, which shows DNA damage specifically. In the study, blood samples were collected from 10 Anaplosmosis infected and 10 healthy sheep. The anaplosmosis was diagnosed by clinical signs and symptoms. The infection was confirmed by Giemsa staining. The blood was collected from control group and infected group before and after the treatment, from the vena jugularis with the appropriate method. The DNA fragmentation was checked by using the Comet assay of blood cells. The data were analysed throught ANNOVA one-way. The result showed higher DNA fragmentation in sick animals diagnosed with anaplasmosis; tail length and tail moment values were found to be statistically significantly higher than the control group. When the data obtained after imidocarb (IMD) application were compared with obtained during the disease, a decreased DNA damage and tail moment was determined, however, these values higher than control. In this study, DNA damage and the extent of this damage were investigated by the Comet assay method using a healthy control group before and after treatment in animals with Anaplasmosis. When the findings obtained from the study were evaluated, it was seen that Anaplasma agents caused DNA damage and with the imidocarb application given for treatment, DNA damage was reduced and results close to healthy individuals were obtained.

Sustainable agriculture bases on certain ecological principles in both of crop production and livestocks. Legume-cereal intercropping in sustainable agricultural cropping system is the most applied in the intercropping systems in the World. Legume-cereal intercropping have many benefits such soil conservation, weed control, animal feed and effective land use, greater yield and quality in low-input agricultural system. Land use efficiently is available to evaluate the advantages of intercrop in sustainable agriculture to meet food demand due to increase in population. Amount of N2 fixed by intercropped legume is less compared to mono crop legume due to competition with cereal. However, proportion of total N derived from fixation (Ndfa %) in legume intercropped with cereal was greater than mono crop legume. N-transfer from the legume to neighbouring plant may be possible, but it can be affected by a lot of factors. The principal aim of present study is to define advantages of cereal-grain legume intercrops in sustainable agriculture.

There are few studies in Botswana which have examined the relationship between agriculture and economic growth. The uniqueness of this study is grounded in investigating disintegrated agriculture components into crop production and livestock production and investigating their nexus with economic growth. This study estimated the short and long term effects between crop production, livestock production and economic growth in Botswana for the period 1990 to 2017. The Auto-Regressive Distributed Lagged (ARDL) bounds testing approach was employed to investigate the stated relationship. Study findings from the ARDL bound testing approach confirm evidence of a long-run equilibrium relationship between crop production, livestock production and economic growth. Results indicated that livestock production has a positive and significant impact on economic growth both in the short run and long run. On the other hand crop production has a positive and significant impact on economic growth only in the long run. Efforts towards supporting agricultural sector growth should be emphasized to promote agricultural sector productivity in a bid to forge a move away from dependence on imports of food in Botswana. To enhance economic growth, in both the short run and long run, the government of Botswana and all relevant stakeholders should invest in and promote livestock production. In the long term, policies that foster crop production are essential for economic growth.

In the study, it was aimed to reveal the morphological, morphometric and histological characteristics of sinus interdigitalis found in the fore and hind feet of Konya merino sheep. For this purpose, the fore and hind feet of 10 Konya merino sheep, weighing between 44-79 kg, were used. Sinus interdigitalis were dissected out from the feet, and after morphometric measurements were made, morphological examinations were performed and photographed. The shape of the sinus interdigitalis, present in all the forefeet and hind feet, resembled a pipe consisting of neck and body. It was determined that the neck part was longer than the body at all feet. The inner surface of the gland was covered with hair, and there was more hair on the neck than on the body. The weight of the gland, body length and diameter, flexura, canal length and diameter were measured morphometrically. In the measurements made, it was determined that all the values of the forefeet were higher than the hind feet. In histological examination, it was found that the wall of the sinus interdigitalis consists of three layers: epidermis, dermis and fibrous capsule, and in the dermis, hair follicles, sebaceous glands, m. arrector pili and sweat glands were found.