Black soldier fly larvae (BSFL; Hermetia illucens L.) is a proven high-cost protein source replacer and could be grown in a range of bio-degradable waste materials where hardly incorporated into broiler diets locally. The present study was aimed to assess the nutritional composition of BSFL, and apparent metabolizable energy (AME) value of BSFL meal provided to broiler chickens. BSFL full-fat meal produced from kitchen waste as a substrate were examined for their proximate composition, minerals and fatty acid profile. Eighty, 21-d old unsexed Cobb-500 broiler chickens (BW±SD: 665.8 ±14.3 g) were assigned randomly into 16 battery cages (04 replicates, five birds/replicate). A maize-soybean meal-based diet was used as the basal diet which was partially substituted by pre-analyzed BSFL meal at the rates of 5%, 10%, and 15% to produce three test diets. Birds were fed in a completely randomized design for 7-d with a 4-d adaptation period. Excreta were collected for three days from day 25 to 28. The results envisaged that the crude protein (CP) and ether extract (EE) contents of the kitchen waste were 12.3%, and 10.5%, respectively. BSFL meal when analyzed had 34.4% CP and 47.3%, EE. The fatty acid (FA) profile of the kitchen waste was more or less similar to that of BSFL‘s meal. The estimated AME of the BSFL full-fat meal fed for broilers was estimated to be 15.7 MJ/kg. The BSFL full-fat meal can be utilized sustainably in feed formulation and has a high potential to replace costlier feed ingredients.

In this study, 34 molds showing pectin degradation activity were isolated from the soil of orchards, by several tests.  By using these isolates, pectinase group enzymes; studies on pectin lyase and polygalacturonase production were performed in the batch system and under non-sterile culture conditions. 5 isolates denoting polygalacturonase activity were coded as: T1, T2, T3, T4, T5 and the best polygalacturonase activity among these isolates was determined as 354.4 U/L in T4 isolate. Thus, optimization analyses continued by the use of this isolate. Initial apricot pulp concentration, temperature, pH and incubation period were tested as optimization parameters. The effects on enzyme activities were investigated by changing the initial apricot pulp concentration in the range of 5-100 (g/L), and in this regard, polygalacturonase activity was determined as 397.4 U/L at 50 g/L. In addition, the pH parameter was analyzed in each unit between pH = 3 – 8, and the temperature was tested by increasing 5 units in the range of 5-25°C. Consequently, the maximum polygalacturonase activity was determined as 405.7 U/L at pH 5 and 406.3 U/L at 15°C. Besides, the effect of the incubation period was studied within 1-5 days and the maximum polygalacturonase activity was determined as 429.0 U/L on the 4th day (after 96 hours). As a result, the above-mentioned T4 isolate, with which the optimization studies were conducted, was identified as Sarocladium strictum (Top ekinküfü) T4 by molecular methods.

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of incorporating hydrosoluble Opuntia ficus indica seeds extract in unpasteurized prickly pear juice and monitoring its stability. For this purpose, titratable acidity (TA), total soluble solids (TSS), browning index (BI), total phenolic compounds (TPC), total flavonoids (TF), antiradical activity (DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and microbial analysis were monitored for both enriched and controlled juices during different time and temperature storage. Before storage, the enriched juice values were respectively 0.096±0.001%, 14.1±0.01%, 0.756±0.01, 133.3±3.4mgGAE/100ml, 5.58±0.07mgQE/100ml, 95.89±14.27mgGAE/100ml and 59.34±5.52mgGAE/100ml for TA, TSS, BI, TPC, TF, DPPH and FRAP; while  0.16±0%, 14.1 ±0.001%, 1.2±0.01, 88.39±4.2mgGAE/100ml, 3.98±1.003mgQE/100ml, 51.08±14.27 mgGAE/100ml and 50.33±5.16mgGAE/100ml for the control juice. The microbial analysis revealed the absence of microorganisms even the juices were unpasteurized. Moreover, the results revealed that the enrichment attenuated significantly the effect of storage; indeed, the use of the prickly pear seeds extract in combination with the juices can be a good alternative to enhance the shelf life of unpasteurized prickly pear juice, and improve their quality attributes as well as to minimize the unwanted changes in the nutritional and organoleptic properties.

Çalışmada, farklı yükseltiden temin edilen tohumlardan yetiştirilmiş 1+0, 2+0, 2+1 ve 2+2 yaşlarındaki doğu gürgeni (Carpinus orientalis Mill.) fidanlarının bazı morfolojik özelliklerinin belirlenmesi, morfolojik özelliklere bağlı olarak varyasyonların ortaya koyulması ve gürbüzlük indisi değerlerine göre kalite sınıflarının tespit edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Materyal olarak doğu gürgeni türünün doğal yayılış alanı olan Trabzon-Maçka havzasında deniz seviyesinden 1200 m’ye kadar olan üç farklı yükselti basamağından (Maçka-1, Maçka-2, Maçka-3) toplanan tohumlardan yetiştirilmiş fidanlar kullanılmıştır. Farklı yaşlardaki fidanlarda kök boğaz çapı ve fidan boyu değerleri ölçülmüştür. Ayrıca fidanlara ait ölçülen morfolojik karakterler ile gürbüzlük indisi değeri hesaplanmış ve buna göre fidan kalite sınıflandırması yapılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda ortalama fidan boyları fidan yaşının artmasına bağlı olarak sırasıyla 20,11 cm, 36,85 cm, 55,31 cm ve 82,74 cm olarak elde edilmiştir. Fidanlara ait ortalama kök boğaz çağı değerleri ise fidan yaşının artmasına göre sırasıyla 2,98 mm, 6,26 mm, 8,68 mm ve 12,08 mm olarak belirlenmiştir. Yapılan varyans analizi sonucunda ölçülen parametreler bakımından populasyonlar arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılıkların olduğu tespit edilmiştir. 2+0 yaşlı fidanlar haricinde diğer yaştaki fidanlarda ölçülen morfolojik parametrelere ilişkin en yüksek varyasyon katsayıları genel olarak en yüksek rakımda yer alan Maçka-3 populasyonunda elde edilmiştir. Fidan yaşının artmasına paralel olarak kök boğaz çapı ve fidan boyu arasındaki korelasyon katsayısı değeri genel olarak azalmıştır. Gİ değerlerinin yükseltinin artmasına bağlı olarak genellikle azaldığı ve yüksek rakımlı populasyonların gürbüzlük indisine göre daha kaliteli fidanlara sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the fatty acid contents in various tissues (fillet, liver, gonad) of different ploidy (triploid and diploid) and sex (female and male) rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in the breeding season. In the study, diploid and triploid rainbow trouts belonging to the same age group (3+) were used. Fish were fed with commercial feed containing 45% crude protein and 20% crude fat until satiation. At the end of the 75-day study, biometric measurements of the fish were made and the tissues were stored in a deep freezer until biochemical and fatty acid analysis. The first finding of this study identified that ploidy (triploid and diploid) affects the biochemical and fatty acid composition of rainbow trout. The second major finding was that the polyunsaturated fatty acid values were higher and the saturated fatty acid values were lower in all tissues (especially female gonads) than other fatty acids. The results also indicate that the comparative among the biochemical and fatty acid composition of the fillet, liver, and gonad of rainbow trout is further illuminated by these data.

The aim of this study is to examine the socio-economic characteristics of producers who sell wheat to the Turkish Grain Board (TGB), which is an interventionist organization in the purchase and sale of grain in Türkiye, as well as some of their behaviors regarding production, marketing preferences, and their relations with TGB. The sample of the study consisted of 100 wheat producers in the Mucur district of Kırşehir province. The obtained data were interpreted by converting them into tables, cross-tabulations, and graphs. The data in the cross tables were statistically interpreted using Chi-square analysis. It can be said that producers are not satisfied with TGBs’ purchasing practices for some reasons. The most important reason for this is that quality-based purchasing practices have an extremely negative impact on prices. It was determined that they were not satisfied, and this resulted in high price reductions in quality-based purchasing, and as a result, there was distrust in analysis practices. Quality-based purchasing policy is a method that allows wheat quality characteristics to be determined with various devices in a short time. This method, which is decisive in quality classification and product pricing scale, must be explained correctly to producers. Otherwise, the producer ’s trust in the TGB may gradually decrease. This can be achieved through initiatives taken by the institution or through various publications and training activities. One of the most important results of this study is that TGBs and decision-makers are more sensitive to local producers. For decision-makers to maintain their influence on the producer, they must carefully examine the details of the processes with an inductive approach, starting from the bottom up. This situation is considered critical in terms of food security.

Based on high dependent of many processing company on palm kernel oil, high quality palm nut cracking machine is not only necessary but also important to revitalize the production of palm kernel in other to meup with ever increasing industrial demand. Different palm kernel beaters; Swing beater (SB) and the conventional type known as rigid beater (RB) of an existing palm kernel cracker were investigated using the moisture content (7, 17, 26% (db)), five different speeds (970, 1200, 1450,1750, 2430rpm) and three different average nut sizes (14.5, 22.15, 29.43mm) of palm kernel nut. Approximately, six thousand palm nuts of Tenera specie were collected, dried, cleaned and sorted to evaluate the machine. Result shows that, the maximum quality efficiency recorded for Swing beater was 89.5% at 17% moisture content (db), 29.4 mm average nut size and 970 rpm machine speed. Similarly, for the performance of rigid beater, the maximum quality efficiency of 71.5% was recorded at 26% moisture content (db), 29.4 mm average nut size and 970 rpm machine speed. The effect of nut size was however not significant on the quality efficiency however it was generally observed that quality efficiency increased with increase in the nuts size. The machine speed has a significant effect on the quality efficiency. Generally, the quality of the kernel recovered decreased as the machine speed decreased. Beater configuration has significant effect on the quality efficiency of the palm nut cracking machine at 5% significant level. Swing beater can be used instead of conventional beater (rigid beater) to crack palm nut for higher quality of whole kernel recovery.

The maize breeding programs focuses on the development of homozygous parental lines for hybrid breeding to obtain heterosis. The Improvement of homozygous lines in a effective time is crucial for hybrid maize breeding. Objectives of this research were to obtain homozygous lines of maize in a short time by using of in-vivo maternal haploid (DH) technique and characterizing them morphologically. The experiments were carried out at the Eastern Mediterranean Agricultural Research Institute(EMARI). Inducers, RWS, RWK-76 and their hybrid RWS X RWK-76 were used as male parent. As female parent, 56 F2 segregated material obtained by selfing of 66 F1 hybrids developed in maize breeding program of Eastern Mediterranean Agricultural Research Institute (EMARI) and 2 F2 segregated material selected from the open pollinated plants of 9 commercial maize variety. As a result of the experiment, 29 doubled haploid lines (DH) were developed. In the developed DH lines, days to tasseling, plant height, height of first ear , ear length, ear diameter, number of kernel per ear and thousand kernel weight varied as 57-78 days, 151-248 cm, 43-112 cm, 11.20-24.50 cm, 24-45 mm, 224-537 kernels/ear, and 180-320 g, respectively. In conclusion, in-vivo maternal DH technique is a highly effective method for obtaining homozygous lines

Bu çalışmada yetiştirici sürülerinde verim kayıtlarının tutulması, bu kayıtların değerlendirilmesi ile canlı ağırlık ve döl veriminin iyileştirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Yıllara göre (2017-2021) değişmekle birlikte toplam 6300 baş sayısını geçmeyecek hayvan materyali ile çalışılmıştır. Sürülerde doğum ağırlıkları ve sütten kesim (90.gün) ağırlıkları kayıt altına alınmıştır. Doğum ağırlığı 5 yıllık süreçte ortalama 2.69 kg olarak gerçekleşmiştir. Yıllar itibari ile doğum ağırlığı sırasıyla 2,99, 2,71, 2,61, 2,76 ve 2,69 kg olarak tespit edilmiştir. Doğum ağırlığı ortalamaları, yıl, ana yaşı, doğum şekli ve cinsiyete göre değişkenlik göstermektedir (P<0,01). Sütten kesim ağırlığı ortalaması ise 20.91 kg olarak tespit edilmiştir. Sütten kesim ağırlığı ortalamaları da yıl, ana yaşı, doğum şekli ve cinsiyete göre değişkenlik göstermektedir (P<0,01). Kuzulama oranı ortalama %86 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Teke altı keçi başına doğan oğlak sayısı 0,83'dur. Doğuran keçi başına düşen oğlak sayısı yıllar itibari ile artış göstermiş ve ortalama 1,05 olarak gerçekleşmiştir. Kısırlık oranı ise %20 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Yaşama gücü ortalaması %93 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak yıllar itibariyle sürülerde sütten kesim ağırlığı ve döl verimi bakımından iyileşmeler olduğu ortaya konulmuştur.

This research was performed to determine the effects of different sowing times (ST1, ST2, and ST3) and biostimulant (Pi-NFS) doses (0, 100, 250, 500 ml da-1) on seed yield components of Italian ryegrass ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.) in the continental condition of Eskişehir, Turkey. The results indicated that the main factors significantly affected the seed yield components except for the effect of sowing time on plant height, however, the interaction effect of these factors was significant only on the number of the reproductive tillers and seed yield. There was no significant difference between the ST1 and ST2 in terms of the number of the reproductive tillers, thousand seed weight, and seed yield. Likewise, the values of these components did not differ significantly in the doses of 250 and 500 ml da-1. The highest seed yield was derived from the dose of 500 ml da-1 at ST2 and the values obtained from the doses of 250 and 500 ml da-1 at the ST1 were in the high seed yield group. It was concluded that early sowing time and the doses of 250 to 500 ml da-1 biostimulant application resulted in high seed yield in Italian grass. On the other hand, the dose of 500 ml was more effective in case of delayed sowing time like ST2.