Kalite ve verim açısından karkas sınıflandırmasını sağlayacak olan bilgilerin net olarak elde edilebilmesi ancak hayvanların kesimi ve kesim sonrası ölçümlerin yapılması ile mümkün olabilmektedir. Kesim öncesinde yapılan öznel değerlendirmeler kesim sonrası için sadece birer öngörü ve tahmin niteliği taşımaktadır. Ancak kesim sonrasında nesnel yöntemler ile yapılan ölçüm ve değerlendirmeler sonucunda net bilgiler elde edilebilmektedir. Doğal olarak bu durum bir sınıflandırma sisteminin varlığını, görüntüleme sistemlerini, ölçüm sistemlerini, nitelikli ve bilimsel işgücü varlığını beraberinde getirmektedir. Karkas sınıflandırma sistemindeki eksiklikler hayvancılık ve gıda sektörü açısından önemli ekonomik kayıplara neden olmakla beraber tüketiciler açısından da lezzet, hedefe uygun beslenememe ve fiyatlandırma gibi birçok sorunu beraberinde getirmektedir. Bu derlemede; Türkiye’de sığır karkaslarının sınıflandırılmaları ve derecelendirmeleri ile ilgili mevcut durum, Avrupa Birliği ülkelerinde sığır karkas sınıflandırma ve derecelendirilmesi amacıyla kullanılan “S-EUROP” sistemi hakkında bilgilendirme ve karkas konformasyonu, yağlanma durumu ve karkas kompozisyonlarının belirlenmesi için kullanılan görüntüleme yöntemlerinden Ultrason, Bilgisayarlı Tomografi (BT), Manyetik Rezonans (MR), X-Ray Absorptiyometri, Optik Problar ve Video Görüntüleme Analizi (VIA) konuları hakkında bilgi verilmesi amaçlanmıştır.

Concentrations of heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Zn, Ni, Cd) in cassava grown on farmlands along highways in Owerri, was investigated. Cassava leaves and root samples were harvested from cassava farms along three major roads with high traffic density and another rural road that served as control location. Standard laboratory procedures to determine the concentration of these metals were adopted using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The metal concentrations in mg/kg in cassava root showed high levels of Cu (6.29±0.0346), Zn (8.49±2.243), Pb (0.5267±0.3156) and Cd (0.1167±0.0833). The concentrations of the heavy metals in the cassava leaves were of the order: Zn > Cu >Pb> Ni > Cd. Soil plant transfer factor values for all the metals in all the sites indicated medium accumulation. Heavy metal concentrations in soil showed significant correlation with concentrations in cassava root with no significant statistical differences in bioaccumulation of heavy metals in different parts of cassava. The overall results showed evidence of some heavy metal pollution on the soils and cassava plant.

In this study, it is aimed to predict drought in Nallihan region by using streamflow drought index and artificial neural network method which is a part of artificial intelligence approaches. The measured data of some meteorological stations (Nallihan, Beypazari, Mihaliccik, Catacik, Goynuk, Mudurnu, Seben and Eskisehir) in the Sakarya Basin and the Nallihan streamflow observation station between 1996 and 2015 were used to forecast 2015-2030 streamflow values. The correlation coefficient in the education and test stages of the ANN model was realized with a high consistency of 0.990 and 0.967, respectively. According to the mean absolute error method, the error performance values of ANN model are 0.19 for the training phase and 0.26 for the test phase. Cumulative streamflow series were created for the reference periods (k1, October-December; k2, October-March; k3, October-June; k4, October-September) and the streamflow drought index values were obtained using measured and predicted values. According to these values, mild droughts were more frequent between 1997-2015 and 2016-2030, but the number of moderate and severe droughts increased gradually. It is predicted that in the future, it may be seen in extreme arid periods in the region. Drought in the 6-month period between October and March is similar to the average of all periods for 1997-2015 and 2016-2030. The use of 6-month drought data for the streamflow drought index is expected to be useful in predicting future drought.

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), which are beneficial soil organisms, have an important role in the uptake of plant nutrients by roots and thus help to healthy plant growth. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of AMF inoculation on the development of water-deficiency applied pepper plants. In this study, Tesla F1 pepper cultivars, Glomus etunicatum inoculated and without Glomus etunicatum, were exposed to four different irrigation regimes (25I, 50I, 75I, 100I). At the end of the experiment these plants were compared in terms of some vegetative and fruit properties. For this purpose, at the end of the trial; shoot length (cm), root length (cm), root spread (cm), number of leaves, leaf width and length (mm), stem diameter (mm), fruit width (mm), fruit length (mm), root and shoot weights (g), fruit pH, total soluble solid content and chlorophyll index were measured. P (phosphorus) and K (potassium) contents of leaves samples taken from plants were determined. As a result, it was determined that 75I irrigation regime gave the best results in terms of both plant growth and fruit properties in all mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal plants. It was also concluded that 75% irrigation level is sufficient for plant growth.

In this study, it is aimed to reveal the place and importance of fish in nutrition by determining the fish consumption habits of Adiyaman University Kahta Vocational School students. The data were obtained from the questionnaire made with total 240 students in February 2020. The data were analyzed and interpreted by using rate and percentage methods as descriptive statistics. A total of 15 questions were asked to the students who participated in the research. In this study, it was determined that 70.42% of total students consume fish; the frequency of fish consumption was also determined as 34.34% once a month and 14.45% once a week. In the study, it was determined that the fish are preferred as the fried or grilled by students. In addition, it has been seen in the study that 84.05% of the students find that consuming fish is important for health, 36.54% of them do not have knowledge about the freshness criteria that should be considered while purchasing fish, 73.53% of them can easily reach fish and 94.41% of them do not consume water products other than fish. At the end of the study, it is concluded that the fish consumption rate and the frequency of consumption are not at the desired levels.

In this study, performance characteristics such as power take off (PTO) power consumption, fuel consumption, fuel consumption for the unit field-unit product were determined at different working speeds with two different PTO applications (540 and 540E) in a single row disc type silage machine. In particular, the 540E PTO application greatly reduces fuel consumption for unit work. The best results in terms of hourly fuel consumption were achieved in 540E PTO application and V1 working speed. When the field - product fuel consumption is evaluated, the best results were obtained with the 540E PTO application at the V3 working speed. When an evaluation is made considering all the parameters, it is concluded that the 540E PTO application will provide certain advantages in terms of fuel consumption compared to the 540 PTO application for the silage machine operating by taking the motion from PTO. 540E PTO application can be used as an important alternative to 540 PTO application for machines of similar capacity and features.

The planning and management of landscapes have been reviewed in the European Landscape Convention (ELC) and the need to identify landscape character areas has been emphasized. The determination of Landscape Character Types (LCT) at the local level is of great importance in order to ensure sustainable development in rural areas, correct management of the shelter values and determination of usage strategies. In this study, which aims to evaluate rural settlements with character determination and sustainability approach, the landscape variables of Kastamonu-Gölköy settlement and its immediate surroundings are mapped and analysed with Landscape Character Analysis (LCA) approach. For this purpose, the geology, large soil groups, geomorphology, slope groups, are a usage maps of the area were digitized with Geographic Information Systems software and character types were determined by synthesizing them. As a result of the study, 133 landscape character types were determined. It is thought that the acquired character types will serve as a base in rural planning and landscape management studies carried out at the national and local level and will contribute to the formation of landscape policies.

The purpose of agricultural policies is to meet the food demand that the society needs. While supports and incentives for agricultural production increase production, they can have negative consequences on climate change. In parallel with the increase in agricultural production and climate change in the world, there has been a serious increase in both food waste and obese numbers recently. While the overproduction effort of agricultural products creates pressure on the environment, it causes obesity and overweight problems. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), Turkey is at the forefront among the countries where there are obese and overweight people. In the 11th Development Plan in Turkey, in 2018 the prevalence of obesity is 30% (for ages 15 and over) in 2023 is targeted to be reduced to 29.1. The aim of this research is to draw attention to the relationship between climate change and obesity and to address the issue within the framework of the 11th Development Plan. Obesity issues for Turkey; since it is important in terms of food security, climate change and agricultural policies, it is necessary to develop political guidance and protection measures in terms of health, economy, education, environment and national security.

In this study the effects of different sucrose concentrations, and the combinations of jasmonic acid (JA) with auxins (IAA or NAA) or with cytokinin (2iP) on the bulb induction and rooting of in vitro plantlets of Hyacinthus orientalis subsp. chionophyllus Wendelbo, which is endemic in Turkey, were investigated. The effect of four different sucrose concentrations (30, 45, 60 and 90 g L-1) on bulb formation in tissue culture was investigated. These plantlets were cultured on MS medium supplemented with several concentrations and combinations of JA (0.0, 1.0, 2.0 mg L-1) and 2iP (0.0, 0.25 and 0.50 mg L-1), IAA or NAA (0.5, 1.0 mg L-1). In JA- 2iP treatment, the highest number of bulblets (13.7 number/explant) was obtained by the combinations of JA 1.0 mg L-1 + 2iP 0.25 mg L-1. Also, the largest bulblets with the mean diameter of 7.9 mm were found on MS medium supplemented with JA 2.0 mg L-1. In JA – Auxin treatment, the mean root number per bulblet was highest (17.9 number/explant) and root formation rate was maximum (81.14%) on MS medium supplemented with IAA 1.0 mg L-1 + JA 2.0 mg L-1.

The control of pesticide’s toxicological properties in the food chain could be a benefit to farmers by increasing animal productivity. The current study’s objective was to evaluate the protective effects of aqueous extract of Persea americana leaves (AEPAL) on secondary sexual traits and testis histology damages induced by Antouka Super® (AS) in male Japanese quail. Sixty male quails of 28 days old and weighing 106-119g were randomly distributed into 5 groups of 12 animals each and daily received for 60 consecutive days one of the treatments: group 1 and 2 received respectively 10 ml of distilled water and 75mg/kg of b.w of AS while groups 3, 4 and 5 in addition to 75mg/kg of b.w of AS, they received respectively 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg of b.w of AEPAL. The sexual behavior characteristics were evaluated during the trial period. At the end of the study, birds were humanly sacrificed, their blood collected for testosterone analysis and the testes removed for teste structure evaluation. Results revealed that exposure to AS significantly decreased testosterone level, time of shouting and appearance of foam, quantity of foam product, the volume and area of the cloacal gland, frequency of mount and frequency of successful mount, as well as degradation of the testes histology. The administration of AEPAL increased these parameters in a dose-dependent manner. Thus, these results demonstrate that AS had a toxic effect on secondary sexual traits and testis histology in male quail which could be alleviated by AEPAL administration at 200mg/kg of b.w.