Türkiye’nin toplam tarım arazisi varlığında yıllar itibariyle azalış meydana gelmesine rağmen ekonomik olarak sulanabilir nitelikte arazilerin üretime kazandırılması sayesinde mısır üretim faaliyetleri Türkiye’de yaygınlaşmıştır. Sulama imkânının olduğu alanlarda mısır; işçilik maliyetlerinin az olması, birim alanda yüksek verim avantajı sağlaması ve ürün pazarının kolaylıkla erişilebilir olması nedeniyle üretim açısından popüler bir üründür. Sulama alanlarının artışına paralel olarak üretimi yaygınlaşan mısır; ekonomik değeri yüksek fakat su tüketim miktarı da yüksek bir üründür. Bu yönüyle çalışmada işletmecilerin tarımsal faaliyetlerin sürdürülebilirliğine, mısırın ekiminden hasadına kadar geçen süreçte karşılaştıkları problemlerin çözümüne, üretim ile ilgili beklentilerine yönelik analizlerin yapılması amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada mısır üreten tarım işletmecilerinin girdi maliyetleri, depolama olanakları ve su kaynaklarının tüketimine yönelik gelecek endişesi taşıdıkları belirlenmiştir.

The study aimed to evaluate the use of germination indices as a screening tool for salinity tolerance during germination and early seedling growth of pepper cultivars, and to distinguish the potential for genetic responses to salt tolerance. In the study, the seeds of seven pepper cultivars were germinated at increasing NaCl levels of 5, 10, 15 and 20 dS/m and distilled water as the control treatment for 14 days. Germination percentage (GP), mean germination time (MGT), germination index (GI), germination stress tolerance index (GSTI), seedling length (SL), seedling fresh weight (SFW) and vigor index (VI) were investigated. Results showed that germination percentage decreased with increasing NaCl levels while the highest germination percentage at 20 dS/m was 92% in BT Burdem with no significant reduction. Seedling growth of pepper cultivars was severely inhibited by increasing salinity stress. SFW was depressed depending on reduction in SL due to increasing NaCl. BT-Burli and BT İnce Sivri were the most tolerant cultivars to NaCl and they were used for genetic resources towards salinity. Seedling growth was much more sensitive to salinity than germination because of the highest percent reduction in seedling growth parameters. Among the parameters, GSTI gave the highest significant correlation coefficient with SL and SFW; indicating that it would be useful for estimating seedling growth. It was concluded that genotypic variation was observed among pepper cultivars for salinity tolerance and GSTI could be used for a predictor for salinity tolerance.

To investigate the virus infections of sour and sweet cherries, various locations of Niğde province were examined during 2017. Ninety sweet and sour cherry leaf samples showing suspicious virus symptoms were collected and screened with virus-specific primers: Little cherry virus 1 (LChV1), Cherry necrotic rusty mottle virus (CNRMV), Prune dwarf virus (PDV), Prune necrotic ring spot virus (PNRSV), Apple mosaic virus (ApMV), Cherry green ring mottle virus (CGRMV), Cherry leaf roll virus (CLRV), Cherry mottle leaf virus (CMLV), Plum bark necrotic stem pitting associated virus (PBNSPaV), Cherry twisted leaf virus (CTLV), Apple stem grooving virus (ASGV), Little cherry virus 2 (LChV2), Cherry rusty leaf virus (CRLV), Apple stem pitting virus (ASPV), Apple chlorotic leaf spot virus (ACLSV). Based on RT-PCR analysis, no amplification was observed except LChV1 amplifications, dsRNA analysis resulted in one suspicious profile. To validate those results, more sensitive TaqMan Real-Time PCR analysis and sequence analysis were conducted and LChV1 was detected on 7 samples. It can be concluded that only a low quantity of LChV1 infections was observed on some of the screened cherry samples.

Bu çalışmada, Tarm-92 iki sıralı arpa çeşidi tohumlarına uygulanan farklı dozlarda gama ışınının (200, 300, 400 ve 500 Gy) M2 bitkilerinde bazı tarımsal özellikler üzerine etkisi incelenmiştir. Araştırma Isparta’da 2016-2017 vejetasyon döneminde yürütülmüştür. M1 generasyonunda, her dozda başak ve bitki görünümüne göre normal ve anormal bitkiler ayrı hasat edilerek 9 farklı [200, 200 A, 300, 300 A, 400, 400 A, 400 A (çift başak oluşumu ve başakta dallanma eğilimi gösteren bitkiler Ç.B.) 500 ve 500 A gray] grup oluşturulmuştur. M2 generasyonunda kontrol (ışın uygulanmamış) ile toplam 10 parsel yer almıştır. Araştırma sonucunda gama ışını uygulaması bin tane ağırlığı, hektolitre ağırlığı, kavuz oranı ve protein içeriği üzerine istatistiksel olarak önemli etkisi belirlenmiştir. Gama ışını uygulaması bin tane ve hektolitre ağırlığını önemli seviyede azaltmış, kavuz oranı ve protein oranını arttırmıştır. Araştırmada her gruptaki tüm bitkilerde bitki boyu, başak uzunluğu, başakta tane sayısı ve başakta tane ağırlığı özellikleri tek bitki üzerinde incelenmiş diskriminant analizi yapılmış ve gruplar arasındaki uzaklık sonuçları belirlenmiştir. M2 generasyonuda incelenen özellikler yönünden kontrole benzeyen bitki oranı 400 Gy %7,83, 200 Gy %10, 300 Gy %19,60 ve 500 Gy %22,22 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Doğrusal ayırma fonksiyonlarını içeren katsayılar incelendiğinde en etkin özelliğin başak uzunluğu olduğu belirlenmiştir.

This trial was realized in the greenhouses of Uludağ University Yenişehir Vocational School between 2009 and 2010 to investigate effects of water deficit on yield and quality parameters of onion during four crop growth stages. In this trial, fourteen irrigation treatments in four growth periods (establishment, vegetative, yield formation and ripening) of onion (Allium cepa L E.T Grano.502) were constituted and the yield and quality parameters found from these treatments were evaluated. The layout of the experiment was a completely randomized block design with three replications for each of the fourteen irrigation treatments tested. According to the content of the treatments, the irrigation amount water applied to the plants varied between 0 and 436 mm in the first year, and between 0 and 448 mm in the second year. Water consumption of onion in the first year ranged between 205 and 496 mm and in the second year ranged between 210 and 502 mm. Yield, bulb weight, diameter, height and dry matter ratio were determined statistically significant. In 2009 and 2010 years, the maximum yield were found as 52.2 t ha-1 and 52.4 t ha-1 in E100V100Y100R100 treatments, while the minimum yield were found as 0.8 t ha-1 and 0.5 t ha-1 in the E0V0Y0R0 treatments, respectively. Water- yield relationship factors (ky) in 2009 and 2010 years were found as 1.03 and 1.04, respectively. The maximum WUE and IWUE values were obtained from establishment and ripening periods. Establishment and ripening periods may be suggested as the maximum efficient irrigation periods for the onion applied with drip irrigation under unheated greenhouse conditions.

Otbiçenler çevre şartlarından etkilenmektedir. Otbiçenler hemen hemen her habitatta bulunurlar. Tür çeşitliliği ve birey sayısı özellikle nemli ve sık bitki örtüsüne sahip yerlerde artmaktadır. Otbiçenler bir çok ekosistemin önemli ve faydalı bileşenleridir. Ayrıca ekolojik açıdan incelendiğinde hem güçlü predatörler hemde güçlü indikatör türlerdir. Antalya nemli bir il olduğundan otbiçen çeşitliliğinin fazla olması beklenmektedir. Bu çalışmada Antalya’da otbiçen türleri ile yükseklik, ilçe, toprak türü ve bitki örtüsü gibi değişkenler arasındaki ilişkilerin uyum analizi ile incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Değişkenlerin kategorileri arasında var olan benzerlikler grafikler üzerinde gösterilerek yorumlanmıştır.

In continuous monitoring and control systems as required by automation, biosensors are greatly advantageous with their precision, stability, ease of use and response rates. In this study, a new amperometric glucose sensor has been fabricated based on a composite film prepared by electrochemical polymerization of carbazole derivative with having free amino group in presence of the Keggin type polyoxometalate (POM) anion, (nBu4N)3[PW9O34(tBuSiOH)3], in order to meet the needs of the sector. The enzymatic biosensor was prepared by immobilizing the Glucose Oxidase (GOx) enzyme to the surface modified with the POM/PAAC composite. Biosensor preparation and working conditions were optimized and analytical characterizations was carried out. The amperometric response of the POM/PAAC-GOx modified electrode versus varying concentrations of glucose was studied at a potential value of −0.7 V (Ag/AgCl). When the data obtained from these surfaces can be prepared in a short time, it was determined that they are sensitive to the presence of glucose in food samples such as cola and fruit juice. One of the innovations of this study is the shortening of the response time and the easy preparation of the biosensor. In addition to high linearity, short response time and long shelf life advantages in determining the glucose content in foods, it is thought that it will be an economical alternative with its easy preparation, ease of application and time and chemicals gain in measurements.

Poor soil fertility is important constraints that limited crop production in Ethiopia. The Masha district was highly prone to phosphorus fixation with ions like Aluminum ion since soil of the area is prone to acidity. This experiment was therefore conducted to investigate the effect of of phosphorus fertilizer with agricultural lime, coffee husk ash and coffee husk charcoal on yield of faba bean and agronomic efficiency of the fertilizer on acidic soils of Masha district. Field experiment involving two rates of phosphorus (23 and 46 kg P2O5/ha) and the three soil amendments was in randomized complete block design with three replication. The result indicated that significantly high grain yield was obtained from integrated application of 46 kg P2O5/ha with the agricultural lime, coffee husk ash and coffee husk charcoal with the observed values of 2265, 1953 and 1943 kg/ha, respectively. Agronomic efficiency significantly great values were obtained from treated with the agricultural lime+23 kg P2O5/ha, agricultural lime+46 kg P2O5/ha, coffee husk ash+23 kg P2O5/ha and coffee husk charcoal+23 kg P2O5/ha with the observed values of 14.86, 14.60 and 10.07, respectively. It can be concluded that 46 kg P2O5 with 2.5 ton agricultural lime, 7.5 ton coffee husk ash or 7.5 ton coffee husk charcoal per hectare on acid soils for high yield and yield components on faba bean at Masha district. When 23 kg P2O5/ha was integrated with the soil amendments, relatively high agronomic efficiency was observed.