There are about 68 types of mulberry fruit with a wide ecological production area. Different mulberry species are grown in large fields in Turkey. Mulberries are largely dried-consumed, but sometimes they are used as fruit juice. In this study, black mulberry fruit was collected in two different ripening levels (semi-ripe and full-ripe) and oven-dried at 50, 60 and 70°C drying temperatures. Initial moisture contents of semi-ripe and full-ripe fruits were determined as 86.74% and 82.95%, respectively. Fruits were dried to have final moisture levels of 10-15%. Drying duration, drying models, effective diffusion, activation energy, specific energy consumption, color parameters and chemical properties of dried fruits were examined and the effect of ripening levels and drying temperatures were investigated. In terms of drying duration, while full-ripe fruits dried in a shorter time, effective diffusion, activation energy and specific energy consumption values were found to be higher than semi-ripe fruits. In terms of color parameters, semi-ripe fruits are recommended to be dried at 50 or 60°C drying temperatures and full-ripe fruits should be dried at 50°C drying temperature for better preservation of color parameters. On the other hand, a common proper drying temperature could not be identified for acidity (pH), water soluble dry matter and titratable acidity.

Oat is an important cereal used as human food, animal feed and medicinal plant. This study was conducted to determined yield and some physical quality characteristics of 22 oat genotypes in Turkey in rainfall and supplemented irrigation conditions during 2016-2017 growing season at Yozgat/Yerköy, Turkey. Experiments were carried out in randomized complete block design with three replications. In the trials, plant height, panicle length, grain yield, biological yield, thousand grain weight, hectoliter weight and groat percentage were investigated. İn non-irrigated conditions, plant height, panicle length, grain yield, biological yield, thousand grain weight, hectolitre weight and groat percentage were between 54.2-86.2 cm, 14.1-23.3 cm, 116.9-288.1 kg da-1, 593.1-938.9 kg da-1, 24.1- 38.5 g, 40.4-48.4 kg and 63.5-73.6% whereas in supplemented irrigation conditions, plant height, panicle length, grain yield, biological yield, thousand grain weight, hectolitre weight and groat percentage were 65.0-98.7 cm, 15.3-25.7 cm, 226.1-439.6 kg da-1, 979.2-1381.9 kg da-1, 24.2-39.3 g, 43.5-51.0 kg and 62.5-73.0%, respectively. Supplemented irrigation application increased both grain yield and biological yield approximately 1.5 times compared to application based on rainfall. Genotypes G9, G10, G12, G13, G14, G17, G18, G21 and G22 had the highest grain yield in experiments irrigated with both rainfall and supplemented irrigation.

Bu araştırmada, farklı düzeylerde propiyonik asit ilavesinin toplam karışım rasyonu yemin aerobik stabilite özellikleri üzerine etkileri araştırılmıştır. Çalışmada, propiyonik asit temeline dayalı katkı maddesinin dört farklı oranda ilavesinin (%0, 1,5, 3,0 ve 4,5), 26°C ve 30°C depolama koşullarında etkisi araştırılmıştır. Yem örnekleri her muamele grubunda 3’er tekerrür olmak üzere 7 gün süre ile depolanmıştır. Aerobik stabilite süresince yem örneklerinde kimyasal ve mikrobiyolojik parametrelere ilişkin analizler yürütülmüştür. Her muamele grubunda sıcaklık değerleri ve ortam sıcaklığı 7 gün süreyle sıcaklık sensörleri ile ölçülüp kaydedilmiştir. Araştırmada katkı maddesi ilavesi toplam karışım rasyonu yemin pH, kuru madde, nötral çözücülerde çözünmeyen lif ve maya içeriklerini düşürmüş, ham protein, ham yağ, suda çözünebilir, laktik asit ve laktik asit bakteri içeriklerini yükseltmiş, küf gelişimini ise önlemiştir. Araştırma sonucunda %4,5 oranında propiyonik asit ilavesi toplam karışım rasyonunun 26°C 7 gün, 30°C ise 5 gün süre ile stabil kalmasını sağlamıştır.

This experiment was conducted to determine the effect of active yeast (AY) and inactive-stabilized yeast (Thepax) supplementation to the rations in different levels on broiler performance. In the experiment carried out according to the randomized plot design, there were 5 different treatment groups as control group (Group 1), 0.1% Thepax (Group 2), 0.2% Thepax (Group 3), 0.1% AY (Group 4) and 0.2% AY (Group 5). In the experiment, the effects of active and inactive yeasts on body weight gain (BWG), feed consumption, feed conversion rate, carcass weight (CW), carcass yield (CY), abdominal fat amount and mortality were investigated. In the present experiment, the final live weight, the cumulative feed consumption and feed conversion were insignificant. The statistical difference between the groups in the experiment was significant in carcass weight, but insignificant in the amount of abdominal fat and mortality rate. Inactive-stabilized yeast (Thepax 0.1%) was more effective than 0.2% AY on BWG. Only 0.1% Thepax increased the CW besides CY was high in 0.1%, 0.2% Thepax and 0.1% AY groups. It has been observed that active and inactive yeasts are used in broiler chickens without any problem.

H. perforatum, which is widely used in traditional medicine due to its bioactive compounds was extracted with ethanol-water (3:7). The extract was encapsulated with maltodextrin and gum arabic in a spray dryer in order to protect the phenolic compounds in its structure. Different amounts of microcapsules were added to our traditional drink, i.e. ayran (drinking yoghurt). The total phenolic content and DPPH radical scavenging activity of the microcapsules, extract of HP, and ayran samples were determined. The amount of total phenolic compounds in the microcapsule provided a superior effect than the extract. The ayran samples were supplemented with 2%, 3%, 4%, 5% and 6% of H. perforatum (HP) microcapsules and it is observed that total phenolic content (TPC) and DPPH radical scavenging activity indicated an increase with concentration. TPC and DPPH activity were determined as 256.94 mg GAE / 100mL and 78.05% for 6% of HP microcapsules supplemented samples. As a result of the sensory analysis, ayran samples which supplemented with 4% of HS microcapsule gained the highest scores by the panellists and received more appreciation than the control group. According to sensory analysis, HP4 (ayran produced with 4% HP added microcapsule) sample was determined as the best sample, while the HP6 (Ayran produced with 6% HP added microcapsule) sample had the highest scores in terms of DPPH scavenging activity and TPC results. The overall results of this study revealed that 4% HP supplemented ayran can be produced with its increased health benefits and desirable properties. In this study, the use of H. perforatum microcapsules in ayran, its effect on antioxidant and phenolic components, the usage rates and acceptability of microcapsules were investigated.

Growth factors and vitamin-like substances have great positive importance in most biological interactions in the cellular level. The addition of these elements in the culture media will increase the yield of the resulting embryos and improve quality. We examined the effects of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and myo-inositol (MI) on meiotic maturation and yields of blastocyst of Awassi sheep oocyte across two experiments. The oocytes obtained were subjected into three treatments: A (without EGF nor MI), B (10 ng/ml EGF + 20 mmol/l MI) and C (50 ng/ml EGF +40 mmol/l MI). Oocytes were then cultured in Ham's F-10 medium supplemented with 5% (v: v) fetal calf serum and 40 ng/ml follicle - stimulating hormone. In the first experiment, during the 27-h culture period, the oocytes were assessed for germinal vesicle break down, metaphase-I and metaphase-II stages across three-time intervals (9, 21 and 27-h). Results of the experiment showed that EGF and MI enhanced the rates of germinal vesicle break down phase (1.53%; 27-h interval; lowest value), metaphase-I (33.87%; 21-h interval) and metaphase-II (89.23%; 27-h interval). In the second experiment, the oocytes incubated in treatment B achieved the highest rates of cleavage (81.96%), 2-8 cell (62.35%) and blastocyst (45.09%). It is concluded from the present study that incubating sheep oocytes in culture media containing a cocktail of EGF (10 ng/ml) and MI (20 mmol/l) significantly improves the rates of metaphase-II, fertilization and blastocyst rates.