Meat and Milk Institution is implementing red meat sales through grocery chains in order to ensure stability in red meat prices in Turkey. In this study in order to evaluate the effectiveness of this policy from the perspective of consumers, data set obtained from 388 households in Gaziantep city center was used. According to the findings, it has been determined that 53.6% of consumers prefer contracted markets due to the suitability of red meat prices. Initially, all consumers bought red meat from contracted markets, but it was found that 62.11% of them gave up buying red meat from these markets. This situation was found to be quite remarkable and logit model was used to determine the factors affecting the continuity of red meat purchase of households from contracted markets. According to the Logit model results, it was observed that households buying red meat from the contracted markets were affected by the variables that they are care about the price of red meat, income and frequency of shopping at these markets. As a result, it can be stated that this policy implemented by the ESK is aimed at selling red meat to low-income consumers rather than providing price stability and does not have a demand increasing effect.

Present review was performed in order to understand the influence of photoperiod and light intensity on Coturnix japonica. Different literatures were reviewed regarding egg production, behaviour, body weight, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, carcass weight, egg quality with respect to photoperiods and intensities. It was noticed from the reviewed studies that light intensity of 80 and 20 luxes for 8 hours during growing period and 240 and 60 luxes for 16 hours during laying period results 194.85±4.46, 191.42±2.87 feed intake, 201.00±13.82, 210±15.1 weekly weight gain. The better feed conversion ratio remains (1.03) with light intensity of 80 and 20 luxes for 8 hours during growing period. Carcass weight remains as 98.33±8.33 and 99.56±5.44, dressing percentage 50.46% and 52.01%, egg production percent 50.11 and 48.81, egg length 32.15±0.54 and 32.12±0.35, egg width 24.87±0.22 and 23.75±0.31, egg weight 9±0.44 and 9±0.54, 11.2±0.73 when light intensity of 80 and 20 luxes for 8 hours during growing period and 240 and 60 luxes for 16 hours during laying period is provided. In conclusion Coturnix japonica raised on 80 luxes for 08 hours light intensity during growing period and 240 luxes for 16 hours light intensity in laying period results better FCR and feed intake in cage system. While Coturnix japonica reared with 5 luxes for 16 hours photoperiod during growing period and 15 luxes for 20 hours photoperiod in laying period demonstrate better egg production and behaviour.

The aim of this study is to investigate; the effects of organic and inorganic fertilizer applications on dry matter yield of different plant parts and microelement content of grain in two different buckwheat varieties. While main plots were formed by Aktaş and Güneş buckwheat varieties, sub plots were formed by 5 different fertilizer types (Control, Urea and Worm, Chicken, Cattle manure used as an organic fertilizers) in the experiment. Buckwheat cultivar were cultivated in April 2019 and harvested in July 2019. After harvesting, different buckwheat parts (root, shoot and grain) were determined for micro element content (Cu, Mn, Fe and Zn) with the Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. Findings results shown that there are statistically significant differences in terms of grain yield as fertilizer applications, cultivars and cultivar fertilizer interactions. While the best results for the Cukurova region were obtained from Güneş cultivar (102.20 kg da-1) as a cultivar, the best results were obtained from the application of Urea (138.1 kg da-1) as a fertilizer application. Although there is no statistically significant difference between the cultivars in terms of grain microelement content, it was determined that there is a statistical difference between the average values of fertilizer applications as Cu, Fe and Mn content. The best results were obtained from urea application on micronutrients in Cu (35.38 mg kg-1), Fe (207.30 mg kg-1) and Mn (37.22 mg kg-1). As a result, the best type of fertilizer in the Cukurova Region is the Güneş cultivar, while the best fertilizer application is urea, which is an inorganic fertilizer. Organic fertilizer applications are not important, but the best results were obtained from cattle manure as organic fertilizer.

With the effects of various human activities and global warming, pressures on plant species are increasing day by day, living species and living environments are adversely affected. In order to reduce and control these negative effects, a variety of regulatory ecological services are needed to provide both a nutrient environment for animals and to save and maintain their habitat. For this purpose, creating buffer zones at the borders of fence plants and farm areas can be used as a regional supporting mechanism. One of the most important criteria is to use plant species (from Legüminaceae families) which have high nutritional value for animals in farm buffer areas. The selected plants have many functions such as erosion prevention on sloping areas, nutrient retention, aesthetic area creation, flood prevention, odor control. They are the ones that constantly occupy the city's agenda with various environmental problems such as ensuring control of unwanted odors in farm areas and improving visual quality. In this study, it is aimed to determine the plant species that can be suggested to be used in a buffer zone which can be created in order to create aesthetic value in farm areas, to control odor problem and to contribute to studies to create nutrients and to protect ecology.

The aim of the study was to determine the fertility traits of the Kangal Akkaraman sheep in Yildizeli and Central districts of Sivas. In this study, six years data obtained from breeders between 2013 and 2018 were used in National Animal Improvement Project coordinated by the Turkish Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry. In the first year of the study, 70 enterprises in 48 villages from both districts included in the projects and these were reduced to 57 enterprises in 33 villages in the sixth year. During the six-year period, 86116 lamb records obtained from a total of 76383 ewes in all enterprises were evaluated. Overall average birth rate was 92.7%. While the differences between years were statistically significant, differences between districts were not significant. Thetriplet births were also observed but they were not evaluated separately because of their low rate (0.1%), so they were included in twin births and evaluated as twins. The average twin birth rate was 22% and differences between years, districts and mating periods (five months between August and December) were significant for that. Overall average weaned lamb rate or the survival rate of the weaning period was 91.3% and differences according to years, districts and lambing periods (five months between January and May) were statistically significant for that. According to the values obtained from 5147 lamb records that were born from 4242 ewes of known age in a sub-project of year 2013; the ages (1-10) of sheep were found to have an effect on the birth type, while it was found to be statistically insignificant for the survival rate. According to the results of the research, it would be useful to take into account the factors that increase fertility in order to maximize profitability in the study area and enterprises with similar conditions.

The trials were set up in Busia, Embu and Kirinyaga Counties to assess the effect of tillage methods and application of different fertilizer combinations on maize productivity in the lower and upper midland agro-ecological zones of Kenya. Tillage methods were no-tillage (NT) with crop residue retention as mulch (+CR) (NT+CR) and conventional tillage (CT) without crop residue retention on farm surface (-CR) (CT-CR) while fertilizer combinations were NK, NP, PK, NPK, and NPK+CaMgZnBS. The N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Zn, B and S nutrients were applied at the rates of 120, 40, 40, 10, 10, 5 and 26.3 kg ha-1, respectively. The trials were laid in a randomized complete block design with a split-plot arrangement and replicated three times. The results showed that maize leaf area index, plant height, aboveground biomass, crop growth rate, and grain yield were significantly higher under CT-CR than under NT+CR in most of the sites. The CT-CR system out-yielded NT+CR system by 0.3 t ha-1 and 0.6 t ha-1 maize grain in Alupe and Kirinyaga, respectively. However, NT+CR system out-yielded CT-CR system by 0.4 t ha -1 maize grain at Embu. Across all the sites, application of PK and NPK+ZnBMgCaS fertilizer combinations resulted, respectively, in lowest and highest maize shoot biomass, leaf area indices, crop growth rates, plant heights, and grain yields. Based on this result alone, the potential of conservation agriculture in improving yields compared to conventional tillage could not be conclusive despite consistently recording higher soil moisture content across all sites and better yields in Embu. Again, application of a wide range of nutrients may be beneficial to maize production in the study areas as evidenced in the study. Therefore, we recommend multi-season and multi-location trials to comprehensively assess the impact of tillage methods and fertilizer management, particularly in relation to micronutrients.

In this study, it is aimed to examine which level marketing communicating tools are used in the food industry in Çukurova Region, Turkey. For this purpose, a survey was applied to 92 enterprises which process milk and dairy products, meat and meat products, fruit juice industry in both Adana and Mersin. Also, face to face interview was conducted to gather data from 400 consumers who were determined via simple random sampling, living in Adana province. It was found out that enterprises used the marketing communication tools (sales promotion, advertisement etc.) to increase sales and reduce inventory, even if they are not mostly aware of the concept of marketing communications. They also indicated that they do not practice marketing communication programs at all. The most used tools by the enterprises are personal sales, direct marketing, sales promotions and advertisement. Also, as a result of correlation analysis showed that there is an effect between the enterprises’ use of marketing communication tools and brand and market performance. Consumers stated that the sales promotions are the most effective marketing communication tools on their preferences not only buying food products but also changing the brands. Consumers mostly decide what to buy and which brand while they are in the market. In this case, advertisement, promotion and to the content of the product were the most important factors regarding consumers’ choices. It was found out that consumers’ gender, age, education and income levels were also effective on their preferences on buying different food products. Consumers attitude was different about marketing communication tools; such as young people mostly affected by media and primary and secondary school graduates mostly influenced by additional gifts provided free of charge with the main product.

In this study, nutritional values of silages made from seed pumpkin residues were investigated. Pumpkin residues collected from Konya region were put into silo in vacuum sacks with various additives. As additives, straw, inoculant containing lactic acid bacteria or a mixture of both in certain proportions were used. After the silos were opened, their pH was determined and then samples were taken to determine the essential fatty acid compositions and nutrient analyses were done. Natural pumpkin (Group 1), natural pumpkin + inoculant (100ppm) (Group 2), withered pumpkin + 15% straw (Group 3), withered pumpkin + 15% straw + inoculant (100ppm) (Group 4) such that the fourth group is formed. Dry matter values of pumpkin groups are Group 1 7.89%, Group 2 6.62%, Group 3 12.22% and Group 4 12.25% respectively. Their pH is 3.78 in Group 1, 3.71 in Group 2, 3.86 in Group 3 and 3.82 in Group 4. The crude protein ratio in the experimental groups was determined in the highest Group 2 (14.97%) and the lowest in Group 3 (10.56%). NDF rate was determined in the highest group 4 (49.74%) and the lowest in Group 2 (28.51%). In addition, the highest ADF rate was determined in Group 4 (37.91%) and the lowest in Group 2 (24.90%). There was a statistically significant difference between the research groups in terms of ethanol content. Acetic acid and propionic acid content was found statistically significant between groups. As a result, when the pumpkin residues are silaged, it can be used as feed material in animal feeding. In addition, it can be said that pumpkin residues can be evaluated in different areas in the high amount of Ethanol content resulting from silage production.

This study was conducted to identify the current problems of cereal crops like wheat and corn producers and to suggest solutions for overcoming those problems in Amik Plain (Antakya, Kirikhan, Kumlu, Reyhanli districts) in Hatay province of Turkey. In this study, the primary data was obtained by face-to-face survey from 100 cereal producers in Amik plain. All variables are given as frequency and percentage distribution, and numerical variables as mean. The survey assessed the level of education of grain producers, the number of individuals in the farm, record keeping, social security, crops (wheat and corn) growing area, yield, sowing and harvest date ranges, property and leasehold land use, cultural practices and grain production. The data were analysed using simple statistical analysis methods (frequency, averages, percentage distribution). The results indicated that about 50% of the cereal producers had higher educational degree. It was determined that producers had an average of 12.3 ha of wheat and 15 ha of corn cultivated area. Moreover, cereal production is well known as one of the cultural practices in the study area. The main problem of grain producers is that the low cereal prices. In addition, the Turkish Grain Board (TMO) does not purchase the production at the time of harvesting. Moreover, high production costs and corn irrigation are considered other problems that cereal producers are facing.

In this research, the effect of extract obtained from waste mandarin peels on inhibition or retardation of ageing of the leather was investigated. Firstly, mandarin peels were extracted and antioxidant activity of the mandarin peels were detected by using of DPPH method. This antioxidant method is based on DPPH that is a purple stable compound, inhibition with sample compound. Extracted mandarin peel samples were read by spectrophotometer at 517 nm wavelength. At final, antioxidant activity of mandarin extract was determined as 65 µM TE/g. The mandarin extract treated with leather after formic acid fixation as a fixator. Goat leathers were kept under 80°C/UV for 72 hours for aging process and the colour values of initial and hindermost leathers were measured with using of Konica Minolta CM 3600d Brand spectrophotometer. L*, a*, b* and ΔE values of the samples were calculated. At the end of the study, it was found that mandarin extract was a natural antioxidant and if it was used as a fixator it could have aging retardant effect at the leather production. Also, it was determined that the use of waste mandarin peels extract increases the brightness of the leather. The difference between the colour values of the leather samples in which the extract was used and not used was found statistically significant.