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Pathogenicity test of Sclerotium rolfsii isolates causing foot and root rot disease of betelvine (Piper betle L.) Полный текст
2022
Md. Hafizur Rahman | Md. Rafiqul Islam | F. M. Aminuzzaman | Kallol Das | M. M. A. Patwary | M. Z. Masud
The experiment was conducted under in-vivo condition in a betelvine baroj at Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University (SAU), Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh. Nineteen isolates of Sclerotium rolfsii collected from different regions of Bangladesh designated as isolate-1 to isolate-19. Soil inoculated with S. rolfsii exhibited mycelial growth on the soil surface and around the base of the betelvine plant within 2-4 days after inoculation. Only 2 days after inoculation were required to manifest cottony colony on soil surface near root zone of inoculated betelvine plants by the isolate-3, 5, 7, 9 and 12. The first disease symptoms were observed within 6 to 16 days after inoculation where minimum days were required by the isolate-9 and maximum by the isolate-2 and 14. The highest lesion length (6.50 cm) was produced by the isolate-9 and isolate-13. All the isolates were found to be pathogenic in some cases, disease delayed due to their degree of pathogenicity. The isolate-9 showed highest disease incidence of 100% which was superior as compared to all other isolates at 15 days after inoculation. The isolate-19 showed least disease incidence of 66.66% even at 30 days after inoculation. Among the isolates, the most pathogenic one was isolate-9 collected from Kaligonj upazilla of Jhenaidah.
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Use of Yeast Cells as Biocarrier in the Encapsulation Process Полный текст
2022
Gamze Hatip | Şeyda Türkay | Kevser Karaman
Use of Yeast Cells as Biocarrier in the Encapsulation Process Полный текст
2022
Gamze Hatip | Şeyda Türkay | Kevser Karaman
Yeast cells are carriers with great potential for encapsulation of both hydrophobic and hydrophilic compounds, due to protection from external environmental influences, controlled release, biocompatibility and biodegradability. The promising research results on the encapsulation of bioactive substances in the recent past promise a bright future in many fields such as agriculture, medicine and cosmetics, including functional food. The significant decrease in the stability of many bioactive compounds due to environmental conditions (heat, humidity, oxygen, etc.) has revealed the necessity of preserving the stability of these types of compounds by encapsulation process. After the recognition of yeast cells as suitable carriers for water-soluble flavor encapsulation, the possibilities of using various yeasts, especially Saccharomyces cerevisiae, in the encapsulation of various oils, vitamins, flavors and some phenolic compounds have been the subject of various scientific studies. The fact that the encapsulation process using yeast cells offers some advantages compared to other encapsulation methods has made the use of yeast cells in the encapsulation process very popular and there has been an increase in studies conducted in recent years. In this study, various scientific studies on the possibilities and effectiveness of the use of yeast cells in the encapsulation of various structures, especially various bioactive compounds, have been reviewed.
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Chemical and physical changes in an Argisol under agrosilvopastoral system in Votuporanga, São Paulo State, Brazil Полный текст
2017
Barbosa Borges, Wander Luis | Dalto de Souza, Isabela Malaquias | Bazzo, Vanda Aparecida
Conservation management systems that have intended to prevent wear or soil degradation have been widespread in agriculture. The study was conducted in Site São Luiz at Simonsen district, Votuporanga, São Paulo State, in order to evaluate the chemical and physical changes in an area with agrosilvopastoral system and deployed with three soil management (treatments): Full (conventional tillage, liming and application of gypsum, phosphate and potassium); intermediate (no tillage, liming and application of gypsum at surface) and basic (no tillage and surface liming). The soil was managed in July 2009 and the planting of eucalyptus was realized in January 2010, on the terraces. Between the terraces it was cropped maize intercropped with Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu. In April 2014 it was held the disturbed and undisturbed soil sampling soil at depths of 0-0.05 and 0.05-0.20 m, collecting three sub samples per plot. A randomized complete block experimental design was used with three replications, with plots of approximately 1.0 ha. It was concluded that in the layer of 0-0.05m, the intermediate management provided increase in the levels of organic matter, Ca, P and K and the basic management provided lower levels of Ca and lower pH and basis saturation values and higher potential acidity; the complete and intermediate managements provided raising the pH in the two layers evaluated; the use of liming associated with gypsum application improves the chemical characteristics of Argisols under agrosilvopastoral systems; in the layer of 0.05-0.20 m the basic management provided lower bulk density and the complete management the largest; the different managements did not differ with respect to porosity and aggregate stability.
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Chemical and physical changes in an Argisol under agrosilvopastoral system in Votuporanga, São Paulo State, Brazil Полный текст
2017
Barbosa-Borges, Wander Luis | Dalto de Souza, Isabela Malaquias | Aparecida-Bazzo, Vanda
Abstract Conservation management systems that have intended to prevent wear or soil degradation have been widespread in agriculture. The study was conducted in Site São Luiz at Simonsen district, Votuporanga, São Paulo State, in order to evaluate the chemical and physical changes in an area with agrosilvopastoral system and deployed with three soil management (treatments): Full (conventional tillage, liming and application of gypsum, phosphate and potassium); intermediate (no tillage, liming and application of gypsum at surface) and basic (no tillage and surface liming). The soil was managed in July 2009 and the planting of eucalyptus was realized in January 2010, on the terraces. Between the terraces it was cropped maize intercropped with Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu. In April 2014 it was held the disturbed and undisturbed soil sampling soil at depths of 0-0.05 and 0.05-0.20 m, collecting three sub samples per plot. A randomized complete block experimental design was used with three replications, with plots of approximately 1.0 ha. It was concluded that in the layer of 0-0.05m, the intermediate management provided increase in the levels of organic matter, Ca, P and K and the basic management provided lower levels of Ca and lower pH and basis saturation values and higher potential acidity; the complete and intermediate managements provided raising the pH in the two layers evaluated; the use of liming associated with gypsum application improves the chemical characteristics of Argisols under agrosilvopastoral systems; in the layer of 0.05-0.20 m the basic management provided lower bulk density and the complete management the largest; the different managements did not differ with respect to porosity and aggregate stability. | Resumo Sistemas de manejo conservacionistas que têm o intuito de evitar o desgaste ou a degradação do solo vêm sendo difundidos na agricultura. O trabalho foi desenvolvido no sítio São Luiz, no distrito de Simonsen, município de Votuporanga, SP, com o objetivo de avaliar as alterações químicas e físicas em uma área com sistema agrossilvipastoril e implantada com três manejos de solo (tratamentos): completo (preparo convencional do solo, calagem, gessagem, fosfatagem, potassagem); intermediário (sem preparo, calagem e gessagem superficial) e básico (sem preparo e calagem superficial). O solo foi manejado em julho de 2009 e em janeiro de 2010, foi realizado o plantio de eucalipto sobre os terraços e milho em consórcio com Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu, entre os terraços. Em abril de 2014 foram realizadas as amostragens deformada e indeformada do solo nas profundidades de 0-0.05 e 0.05-0.20 m, coletando-se três sub amostras por parcela. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados com três repetições, com parcelas de aproximadamente 1.0 ha. Constatou-se que na camada de 0-0,05 m, o manejo intermediário proporcionou aumento nos teores de matéria orgânica, Ca, P e K e o manejo básico propiciou menores teores de Ca e menores valores de pH e saturação por bases e maiores valores de acidez potencial; os manejos completo e intermediário proporcionaram elevação do pH nas duas camadas avaliadas; a utilização da calagem associada à gessagem melhora as características químicas de Argissolos sob sistemas agrossilvipastoris; na camada de 0,05-0,20 m o manejo básico proporcionou menores valores de densidade do solo e o completo maiores; os diferentes manejos não diferiram em relação à porosidade e à estabilidade de agregados.
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Cover and Table of Contents Полный текст
2022
Editoral Editoral
Tatlı Sorgum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench var. saccharatum)’da Farklı Azot ve Potasyum Seviyelerinin Etanol Verimi ve Bazı Verim Özelliklerine Etkisi Полный текст
2022
Shiva - Sadighfard | Hakan - Geren
Biyoetanol kaynaklarından biri olan tatlı sorgum son yıllarda önemi giderek artmaktadır. İçerdiği yüksek orandaki şeker nedeni ile biyoetanol üretiminde kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışma, 2013 ve 2014 yılları arasında, Ege Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi Tarla Bitkileri Bölümü’nün deneme tarlalarında, iki faktörlü tesadüf parselleri deneme desenine göre üç tekerrürlü olarak yürütülmüştür. Denemede farklı azot (0, 50, 100, 150, 200 kg N/ha) ve potasyum (0, 50, 100, 150 kg K2O/ha) seviyelerinin tatlı sorgumda etanol verimi üzerine etkilerini araştırılmıştır. Azotlu gübreler iki eşit dozda uygulanırken, potasyum tek seferde ekimle beraber toprağa karıştırılarak uygulanmıştır. Çalışmada, sap ve özsu verimi, şeker oranı ve teorik etanol verimi gibi özellikler test edilmiştir. Sonuçlar, azot ve potasyum uygulamaların tüm özellikler üzerinde önemli etkilerinin bulunduğunu göstermiştir. Yüksek N ve K uygulamaları, kontrol uygulamasına göre etanol verimini yükseltmiştir. N150-K100 kombinasyonu Akdeniz ekolojik koşullarındaki İzmir’de, tatlı sorgumun etanol verimini yükselten en iyi gübre seviyesi olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır.
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Investigation of Supported Producers within the Scope of Policies to Prevent Environmental Destruction Originated by the Agricultural Sector in Türkiye (Case of Cereal Producers in the Seyfe Lake Region) Полный текст
2022
Hasan Gökhan Doğan | Hüseyin Karaaslan
Environmental destruction is dimensioned as one of the most important issues that the whole world is dealing with in the third millennium. For this reason, various policy instruments are developed and put into practice, both internationally and nationally. Although these policies cover all production and consumption areas, they also come to the forefront in terms of the agricultural sector due to their strategic importance. Environmental Agricultural Land Protection Program (ÇATAK), which came into effect in 2006, has been implemented in order to prevent environmental damage in the agricultural sector in Türkiye. In this framework, the production practices of grain producers benefiting from ÇATAK program supports in the Seyfe Lake region of Kırşehir province were examined in environmental terms. For this purpose, 100 producers were drawn into the sample and a survey study was conducted. The obtained data set was made into cross tables, interpreted and suggestions were made. The results were statistically supported by chi-square analysis. Accordingly, although it was determined that the producers did not implement practices that would cause environmental destruction intensively, it was observed that they needed to adopt the right methods from the right sources in the use of fertilizers and pesticides. In addition, it has been determined that the state does not have comprehensive knowledge about the agricultural policy instruments it has implemented. For this reason, it is considered important to implement training-extension activities frequently and dynamically.
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Prospects of Kiwi Production and Marketing in the Advancement of Household Economy in Dolakha District Полный текст
2022
Santoshi Malla | Lal Bista | Rojina Sapkota
This study entitled was conducted in 3 places of Dolakha district namely Boach, Jiri and Bigu. The study was conducted during 20thjuly to 6th September 2017. The main aim of this study was to find out whether kiwi farming is improving household economy of people living there (i.e. Boach, Jiri and Bigu) using various tools such as questionnaire, discussion, direct observation and review of literature. A total of 60 households were randomly selected for the study. Both male and female were found to be involved in kiwi cultivation. About 60 percent and 40 percent of respondents were male and female respectively. 20 percent respondent were illiterate, 38 percent people have primary level education, 17 percent were people having secondary and S.L.C. level education respectively, similarly, the respondent completing Inter were 8 percent. Kiwi was the major cash crop in the study area and the widely used variety in the study site was Monti. Agriculture is the major occupation followed by Government job, Business and others. 47 percent were involved in agriculture, 30 percent were involved in government job, 13 percent have Business and 10 percent follow other jobs like (Teaching, Driving, Abroad). Among 60 respondents 50 percent were cultivating kiwi in 1-5 ropani of land and minimum was 12 percent who cultivated kiwi in above 15 ropani area. Training related to kiwi cultivation was also given to the respondent. 47 percent respondents were trained in kiwi cultivation and 53 percent were not trained about it. Training was organized and conducted by DADO and some other organization who were concerned about agriculture. Kiwi was mostly sold to nearest local market by the farmers themselves. Kiwi cultivation was also helping farmers in economic part. The study shows that there is an improvement of household economy and livelihood by kiwi farming.
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Beta-Glucan as a Novel Functional Fiber: Functional Properties, Health Benefits and Food Applications Полный текст
2022
Zeynep Sinangil | Özge Taştan | Taner Baysal
Recently the demand for functional food components such as prebiotics, probiotics, and phenolic compounds are increased. Nowadays, β-glucan, dietary fiber, and biologically active natural polysaccharide, exhibit properties like a prebiotic effect and immune system support. Furthermore, clinical studies have shown that daily intake of 250-500 mg β-glucan has several benefits on the immune system, showing low glycemic index, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties. It is a polysaccharide composed of D-glucose monomers connected with β-glycoside bonds, found in natural sources like yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), some edible mushrooms, algae, and cereal grains. β-Glucan is more resistant and preserves its stability during food processing technologies (drying, freezing, etc.). Especially, β-glucan originated from baker's yeast (S. cerevisiae) has many immunostimulatory properties, such as hypoglycemic, anti-inflammatory, immune-modulatory, antioxidant, and anticancer activities. Also, the utilization of β-glucan in the food industry has increased regarding to their techno-functional properties like gelation, viscosity, solubility, and encapsulating agent. Therefore, this review highlights recently published research results on the functional properties, health benefits and clinical studies, the effects on the interaction with the other food compounds, and the potential food applications of β-glucans.
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Aronia (Aronia melanocarpa Michx Elliot) Production and Evaluation Methods in the World and Turkey Полный текст
2022
Ali Şahin | Ümmügülsüm Erdoğan
Cultivation and consumption of berry fruits in the world and in our country is increasing due to reasons such as different ways of evaluation, high income per unit area and health benefits. Aronia, which belongs to the Rosaceae family, is a berry type that can be easily grown in temperate climates and has a high yield per unit area. Aronia is included in healthy nutrition programs due to the antioxidants, phenols, minerals and vitamins it contains. Besides fresh consumption, aronia fruits are also used by drying, processing into products such as fruit juice, vinegar, jam, tea, marmalade.
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Cover and Table of Contents Полный текст
2022
Editoral Editoral
Free Radical Scavenging, Metal chelating and Antiperoxidative Activities of M. communis Berries Methanol extract and its Fractions Полный текст
2022
Fatima Benchikh | Hassiba Benabdallah | Hind Amira | Islam Amira | Walid Mamache | Smain Amira
Oxidative stress resulted from free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are associated with many diseases. Phytotherapy has known a great evolution all the world and some medicinal plants are important remedies of some diseases. Myrtle (Mrytus communis L.) is a plant of Myrtaceae family which is common in the Mediterranean region, with flowering, always green leaves and fruit. This study aims to investigate in vitro antioxidant capacity of Myrtus communis berries methanol extract and its three fractions using five assays: ABTS scavenging radicals, metal chelating, hydrogen peroxide and inhibition of lipid peroxidation assays. EAE extract possessed the highest antioxidant activity in ABTS (EAE (IC50=2.5 µg/ml ) and lipid peroxidation models (90.17%). Whereas, AqE is the most active extract in metal chelating activity (IC50=0.73±0.03 mg/ml) and H2O2 assay. These results support the traditional use of this plant in healthcare and it could be a new source of antioxidant natural drugs.
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