Quantitative analyses in biological science are especially important in terms of determining and comparing the geometric properties of biological structures. Stereology and morphometry are two important complementary methods frequently used in this field. Stereology refers to the quantitative analysis of the three-dimensional geometric properties of biological structures. In particular, it is used to determine the criteria such as volume, surface area and length of many cells, organelles and tissues with microscopic properties. In addition, this method allows to obtain information about three-dimensional structures by measurements made on randomly selected sections. Thanks to these techniques, accurate estimates of the general structure can be made with data obtained from certain sections instead of examining biological samples completely. Morphometry, on the other hand, is suitable for examining biological structures in terms of shape and size. It is a suitable method for determining the shape changes of organisms and structural elements. Morphometry digitizes the data by making measurements in the digital environment and performs statistical analysis on these data. Measurements are made more quantitative by volume fraction analysis. The importance of stereology and morphometry in quantitative morphology enables the objective realization of biological structures in quantitative analysis in both methods. These methods thus allow the examination of the material at hand, which is mathematical and statistical. In addition to biology, tissue science Quantitative biology has a special place in three-dimensional studies in histology. This review is particularly concerned with stereology and morphometry, and the aim of the review is to give dimension to a specific topic under investigation, thus providing a good background for diagnostic decision making by strengthening traditional approaches, and to address the contributions of these methods in scientific studies.

The edible mushrooms are valued by people because they possess a large variety of secondary metabolites with diverse beneficial effects on human health. The Agaricales order is one of the largest taxon in fungal systematics represented by a number of edible species in Türkiye. This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities, as well as the fatty acid composition, of four Agarics (Agaricus bitorquis, Coprinopsis atramentaria, Coprinellus micaceus, and Leucoagaricus leucothites) collected from Nigde Province, Türkiye. The antioxidant capability was determined using DPPH assay and the total phenolic content was measured by Folin-Ciocalteu’s phenol reagent technique. Among the four species, A. bitorquis showed the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity (84.259±1.32%) and total phenolic content (1472.21±10.35µg GAE/mL). Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) technique was performed for the analysis and characterization of the fatty acid compositions. Linoleic acid was the major fatty acid detected in all four species, with percentages ranging from 23.58% to 42.96%. The antimicrobial activity of the mushroom extracts was assessed using the disc diffusion method, and the ethanol extract of C. atramentaria showed the most significant effect on E. coli with a 29±0.6 mm inhibition zone diameter.

Open green areas undertake functions that improve and healing people’s living conditions. This research was conducted to understand the role of open and green areas in urban life and to evaluate the contributions of these areas to the quality of life. The study was conducted with people living in Selçuklu district of Konya province. These people visited urban open green areas in Selçuklu district and spent time in those places. The survey method was used in the study. The survey results reveal that open green areas have significant and positive effects on human health and psychology. The majority of the participants stated that they visited open green areas with sufficient frequency and that these areas met both their physical and mental needs. These findings emphasize the positive effects of open green areas on human health and psychology and support the need to protect and increase these areas.

This study aimed to analyze the business impact of the catering sector using the fuzzy logic method. The research was conducted at a catering company in Istanbul, utilizing document review and participant observation methods to evaluate the business impact. The nominal prioritization method was used to identify critical business processes, and a model along with a mathematical formula was developed for calculating the business impact. The Fuzzy Logic Designer Toolbox in MATLAB was utilized for this calculation. The study identified eight critical business processes: (1) material supply, (2) material storage, (3) pre-preparation process, (4) cooking process, (5) portioning, (6) shipping, (7) hygiene and food safety, and (8) customer relationship management. The business impact was assessed using classical and fuzzy logic methods, and the results were compared. The fuzzy logic method provided a more flexible and comprehensive assessment, managing uncertainty and variability more effectively than classical logic. Overall, it proved to be more effective in optimizing business processes, offering a more dynamic and holistic approach to improving and prioritizing these processes.

In this study, the specific physicochemical, antioxidant, and antibacterial properties of 20 different rosehip marmalade samples, produced using traditional and commercial methods in the Gümüşhane province and its districts, were comprehensively analyzed. To detect the chemical composition of the rosehip marmalade samples, analyses were conducted for total dry matter, pH, ash, titratable acidity (malic acid %), soluble solids, water activity, and color (L*, a*, b*). Additionally, alongside the physicochemical analyses, the contents of hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) and sugars (fructose, glucose, sucrose, and total sugar) were also determined. To assess the antioxidant properties, analyses for total flavonoid content, total phenolic content, DPPH (% inhibition), and ABTS (% inhibition) were performed. Furthermore, the antibacterial activities of the rosehip marmalade samples against pathogenic bacterial strains such as Proteus vulgaris ATCC 29212, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 13883, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 23566, and Escherichia coli O157:H7 35150 were investigated.

The research was conducted to assess the growth performance of different crossbred sheep at Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute (BLRI), Savar, Dhaka. In the crossbreeding program, Perendale, Dorper and Damara breed were considered as sire and BLRI improved native sheep (BNS) was used as dam. The production performance of assorted F1 progeny were evaluated and compared with BLRI improved native sheep. Data analysis was carried out using Generalized Linear Model (GLM) procedure of Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25.0. Each crossbred genotype outperformed native sheep in terms of live weights and Average Daily gain (ADG). The live weights (p<0.001 and p<0.01) and ADG (p<0.001) significantly influenced by genotype except the 6 months live weight. Seasonal effects were found non-significant on live weights and ADG except birth weight (p<0.05). Among the crossbreds, the highest birth weight was found in Dorper crossbred (2.37±0.13 kg) while 12 months live weight was found higher in Perendale crossbred (22.33±0.99 kg), respectively. In case of cumulative growth performance of male, the highest value was found in Damara crossbred while, Perendale crossbred female was found better compared to other crossbred. Major disease frequently occurred in crossbred sheep was diarrhea. The survivability rate (%) of crossbred sheep at lamb (0-3 months of age) and grower (3-8 months of age) stage were 92.55 and 90.8, respectively indicates positive influence on the crossbreeding program. Though, this is very first work regarding crossbred sheep, further research is needed in corporation with other economic trait associated with growth and reproduction to evaluate all the crossbred genotype as well as select a suitable crossbred for the production of commercial market lamb in Bangladesh.

This study was conducted to evaluate university students’ chicken meat consumption preferences and their level of knowledge about chicken production. The survey was conducted with 61 structured online questionnaires using the Kobo-collect Tool Box. The questionnaires were administered online via student WhatsApp groups. Chicken breast meat was the most consumed with cubed meat being the most preferred. The expiration date was the main factor affecting chicken meat purchasing decisions, and the majority of the respondents did not have any preferred cooking method. Heavier meat (>1 kg) and fresh chicken meat were the most preferred with the highest chicken meat consumption of 1-3 times per week. Chicken meat consumption was highest at dinner and in the winter season with viral diseases being perceived as the most dangerous chicken diseases. The Coronavirus outbreak affected the chicken meat consumption of the majority of the respondents and most of them bought meat from reliable sale points. Most of the respondents could differentiate between slow and fast-growing broiler hybrids with Ross 308 being the most recognized commercial broiler hybrid by the respondents. It was concluded that chicken meat consumption was higher among the respondents however, agriculture students should be motivated to improve their knowledge about chicken production.

Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) are synthesized via a multitude of techniques, resulting in nanoparticles of varying sizes and morphologies that directly influence their antimicrobial efficacy. The objective of this study is to ascertain the particle size and morphology of ZnO-NPs synthesised via the hydrothermal method and to evaluate their in vitro antibacterial effects against Escherichia coli O157, Salmonella Typhimurium, and Listeria monocytogenes, which are important foodborne pathogens. The ZnO-NPs were examined using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Furthermore, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), and the diameter of inhibition zones were measured against these pathogenic bacteria. The SEM images revealed that the ZnO-NPs exhibited a uniform distribution, with particle sizes ranging between 23 and 25 nm. The MIC and MBC values against the tested strains were found to range from 20.83 to 41.67 µg/mL and between 66.67- 83.33 µg/mL, respectively. In addition, the diameter of inhibition zones were ranged from 15.16 to 16.96 mm. The findings of the study demonstrated that ZnO-NPs s synthesized via the hydrothermal method exhibited antibacterial effects against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. In conclusion, the use of ZnO-NPs can facilitate the improvement of the microbiological quality of foods by the inhibition of foodborne patogens.

Süt insanların günlük beslenmesinde vazgeçilmez bir besin konumundadır, özellikle sağlıklı süt tüketimi için kaliteli ve güvenli üretim vazgeçilmez bir unsurdur. Süt üretiminde hayvanların sağlık ve genotipik özellikleri üretimi doğrudan etkilemektedir. Kaliteli bir üretim doğru hayvan bakım programı ve hijyenik koşullara uyulmasıyla mümkün olabilmektedir. Bu kapsamda çalışmada Kütahya’nın Altıntaş ve Uşak’ın Banaz ilçelerindeki hayvanların meme sağlığının ve süt bileşiminin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Altıntaş’ta 3 köydeki 77 inekten, Banaz’da 2 köydeki 49 inekten süt örnekleri toplanmıştır. Sütün bileşimi yağ (%), kurumadde (%), yoğunluk (%), protein (%), laktoz (%), tuz (%), donma noktası (°C), iletkenlik (ms/cm) yönünden karşılaştırılmış ve mastitis prevalansı Californian Mastitis Testi (CMT) ile araştırılmıştır. Elde edilen verilere göre işletmelerin büyük bir çoğunluğunda mastitis varlığına rastlanmazken, mastitis belirtileri görülen ineklerin genellikle aynı işletmede yetiştirilen inekler olduğu belirlenmiştir. İlçeler arasında Altıntaş ilçesindeki ineklerin yağ oranı daha düşük (%3,51), kuru madde oranı (%9,26) ve protein oranının da daha yüksek (%3,33) olduğu belirlenmiştir. Banaz ilçesinde de sütlerde laktoz oranları (%4,78) daha düşük, yoğunluk (% 28,08) daha düşük, iletkenliğinin de daha yüksek (4,95 ms/cm) olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Köyler arasında süt kalitesi yönünden en yüksek değerlere Çayırbaşı köyünde yetiştirilen inekler olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bunda üreticilerin bilinç düzeyinin yüksek olmasının, sözleşmeli üretim yapılmasının ve hijyen koşullarına dikkat edilmesinin sonucunda olduğu düşünülmektedir.

Today, the rapid increase in urbanization and the concentration of population density in urban centers have increased the need for individuals to be in touch with nature. In this context, urban use areas such as urban parks play an important role in meeting the physical and social needs of teenagers. Parks are not only spaces that encourage physical activity, but also spaces that increase social interaction, strengthen community ties and support physical activities. Ihlamur Park in Konya is an important living space where teenagers show great interest, offering various activities and social opportunities. However, detailed information on the purposes for which teenagers use the park and which features of the park encourage this use has not been fully identified. The aim of this study is to examine the purposes of the use of Ihlamur Park by teenagers and to identify the features of the park that encourage physical activity and social interaction. For the research, 116 teenagers were surveyed face-to-face on the basis of the law on the protection of personal data and voluntary participation of park users by visiting the area on random days on weekdays and weekends. The survey was carried out with the approval of the Ethics Committee of Selçuk University, Faculty of Architecture and Design. By determining the level of use of teenagers, it is the preparation of a resource that park users can reach. The research also provides a comprehensive evaluation to understand the park usage habits and motivations of teenagers, and in this context, it has contributed to the development of recommendations for the design and management of parks. Thus, the importance of park features that allow teenagers to lead a more active life and increase their social interactions is emphasized.