The methods applied for yield increases per unit animal are also progressing rapidly, along with the rapid progress of agricultural and animal production in parallel with the rapidly developing population and the food demand. The increase in animal products increases the environmental impacts per unit of animal product. With the increase in animal wastes in recent years, greenhouse gas emissions have increased even more, thus negatively affecting the environment and animal health. In order to prevent this negative effect, sustainable methods and strategic measures related to animal feeding and care are important in order to reduce the emission of harmful greenhouse gases. Methane, which is the second most important greenhouse gas, is found in large amounts in the atmosphere as a molecule, the accumulation of this gas in the atmosphere more than CO₂ increases the interest in this subject. Different practices related to the nutrition of ruminant animals (use of feed additives, feeding strategies) in order to optimize rumen conditions and increase productivity per unit animal is a developing area. Sharing this information with animal breeders will also benefit the environment, and therefore human and animal health, in terms of reducing both methane and nitrogen emissions. In ruminant animals, it can cause a loss of 2-12% of the gross energy taken with the feed so that the methane gas can be removed from the body. There are many studies on feeding to reduce nitrogen losses in faeces and urine, which cause methane emissions for ruminants, and many of these studies still do not reach a permanent conclusion. The reduction in enteric CH₄ emissions to be made must be tailored to the specific needs of farmers and livestock, and to be cost-effective. In our study, it is aimed to compile animal feeding strategies and reduction of methane emissions under different conditions.

In this study, the dynamism of forest areas was tried to be determined by determining the ecological differences between the areas where Fagus orientalis Lipsky. (Eastern beech, Fagaceae), a very important species for forestry in Turkey, and the soils of agricultural fields. lime %, total salt %, pH, texture, field capacity %, C%, N%, C/N ratios, 30-day carbon mineralization of the lands of Eastern beech forests and agricultural fields, which are naturally formed in Sivas province Koyulhisar district, under controlled conditions (28°C, 80 humidity %) was determined by the respiration method, and two areas in two different ecosystems were compared. When the carbon mineralizations of eastern beech soils were examined seasonally, it was determined as 19.54>18.23>17.87>17.18 mg C(CO2)/100g DS/30 day in spring>autumn>summer>winter seasons, while it was determined as 14.46>13.87>13.68>13.65 mg C(CO2)/100g DS/30 day in autumn>summer>spring>winter seasons in agricultural soils, respectively. Significant relationships were found between the C%, N%, 30-day carbon mineralization cumulative values and % carbon mineralization rates between both areas.

There are very few studies on cabbage at different fertigation levels in the Marmara Region, where this study was conducted. In this respect, our study has a unique quality. This study was carried out in Bursa Uludag University Yenisehir İbrahim Orhan College application greenhouses in 2014-2015 years. Five different irrigation treatments (T1: 100% (full irrigation), T2: 75%, T3: 50%, T4: 25%, T5: 0% (non-irrigated)) and two different fertigation treatments (F1.0: 100% (100:100:100 NPK fertigation and F0.5: 50% (50:50:50 NPK) fertigation) were combined together to determine the effects on yield and quality parameters of cabbages. The amount of irrigation water in 2014 and 2015 years varied between 0.0-620.0 mm and 0.0-660 mm, respectively, while evapotranspiration values varied between 150.0-700 mm and 180.0-710 mm, respectively. It was determined that irrigation water and fertigation levels, yield and quality parameters of cabbages were affected significantly. In both application years, the highest yield was obtained from T1F1.0 treatment as 73.2 and 68.4 tons ha-1 respectively, while the lowest yield was obtained from T5F1.0 treatment as 3.0 and 3.0 tons ha-1, respectively. In 2014 and 2015 years the crop response factor values of cabbage were calculated as 1.20-1.19 and 1.23-1.18, respectively. T2F1.0 and T2F0.5 treatments can be recommended as the most effective irrigation and fertilization levels of cabbage.

Compared to industrial wastes, the recycling of agricultural wastes is more efficient because they are organic. The low organic matter content of Anatolian agricultural lands makes the recycling of agricultural wastes even more important. In the Samsun region, compost centres are recommended in order to help increase productivity in agricultural production, develop agricultural activities and ensure rural development. It is very important to use natural fertilizers because it is to protect and improve the organic structure of the soil. The low production costs of organic fertilizers compared to chemical fertilizers provide an advantage to farmers and prevent foreign exchange loss. In this study, it is aimed to determine the animal existence and optimum facility locations for evaluation of animal wastes as compost in Samsun. For this purpose, the number of animals of the enterprises in the region was determined by using the data obtained from Samsun Provincial Directorate of Agriculture and Forestry. The coordinates of the settlements of 1,284 enterprises with bovine capacity of 40 or more in Samsun were determined according to the rectangular coordinate system. In terms of animal distribution in Samsun province, 27 cluster numbers were preferred through Elbow method and f(K) Function method. The location of most suitable compost production centres according to the distance and the total number of animals was determined by the K-Means clustering analysis method using geographical coordinates. For Samsun, the group size was taken as 2,000-10,000 cattle and the enterprises with a focal length less than 15 km were included in the compost production clusters. In line with these criteria, 10 compost production clusters for compost production have been determined in Samsun and the locations of these cluster centres are shown on the map in a way that will provide the most efficient information to investors and relevant institutions.

Green areas are spaces organized as areas where people can get rid of their monotonous lives and meet their active or passive recreation needs. In order for a society to be physically and mentally healthy, green spaces must fulfil the purposes of establishment. The main material of the research is the green areas of Bosna-Hersek neighbourhood. The questionnaire method was used in the study and the green areas in Konya province Selçuklu district Bosnia and Herzegovina neighbourhood were evaluated in terms of sufficiency, management and usage

The aim of present study was to determine the effects of different ethephon doses on grain yield and yield components of two faba bean cultivars. The experiment was established in 2019/2020 and 2020/2021 cropping season at Research Area of Field Crops Department, Agriculture of Faculty, Cukurova University Adana, Turkey. The field experiment was laid out in randomized complete blocks design (RCBD) with three replications on the basis split plot design with cultivars (Luz de Otono and Histal) in main plots and ethephon doses (0, 500, 1000, 1500 g ha-1) in sub plots. Plant height (cm), branches per plant, pods per plant, seeds per plant, seed yield per plant (g), 100 grain weight (g), seed yield (kg ha-1) were investigated. Differences among the cultivars and ethephon applications were significant for seed yield and it varied from 1782 to 3388 kg ha-1 in the mean of the years. Seed yield also decreased with increasing ethephon doses. Seed yield was higher in 2019/2020 (3355 kg ha) than 2020/2021 (1841 kg ha-1) where low rainfed and high temperature. The present results suggested that ethephon applications at inititation of flowering were not useful for seed production of faba bean.

In the present study, the seaweeds belong to Phaeophyaceae (Halopteris scoparia (Linnaeus) Sauvageau 1904, Cystoseria mediterranea Sauvageau 1912), Rhodophaceae (Liagora viscida (Forsskål) C.Agardh 1822, Laurencia nidifica J.Agardh 1852) and Chlorophyceae (Enteromorpha multiramosa Bliding, nom. inval. 1960) collected from nearby Iskenderun-Turkey of Mediterranean Sea were detected for their antimicrobial activities against seven bacterial (Escherichia coli ATCC 35218, Bacillus cereus NRRL B-371, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 13883, Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 14028, Proteus vulgaris RSKK 96029) and three fungal strains (Candida albicans ATCC 10231, C. krusei ATCC 6258, C. tropicalis Y-12968). The antimicrobial activities were expressed as minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs), minimum bacterial concentrations (MBCs) and minimum fungicidal concentrations (MFCs) were determined. According to the results obtained from MIC values of the extracts on pathogenic microorganisms were between 50 and 50 and

Yapılan bu çalışmada, Türkiye’de yetişen iki farklı Maviyemiş (Brigitta ve Darrow) çeşidine ait sezonluk meyveler tüm yıl boyunca ulaşılabilirliğinin sağlanması amacıyla reçel ve marmelata işlenmiştir. Elde edilen ürünlerin depolama süresince toplam fenolik madde, toplam antosiyanin ve antioksidan kapasitesi gibi beslenme ve sağlık açısından son derece önemli fitokimyasal özelliklerindeki değişimlerin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Taze maviyemiş meyvelerinde başlangıçta, reçel ve marmelatlarda ise 6 aylık depolama sürecinin 0, 2, 4 ve 6. aylarında toplam fenolik madde, antioksidan kapasite (TEAC, FRAP), toplam antosiyanin, polimerik renk ve HMF analizleri yapılmıştır. Depolama süresince maviyemiş çeşitlerine ait reçel ve marmelat örneklerinde toplam fenolik madde miktarı 178,68-518,45 μg GAE/g; TEAC değerleri 1,16-11,60 μmol TE/g; FRAP değerleri 1.83-10,33 μmol TE/g ve antosiyanin miktarının 7,35-298,22 µg cy-3 glu/g arasında değiştiği ve en yüksek değerlere Darrow çeşidine ait örneklerin sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir. 6 aylık depolama süresi sonunda Polimerik renk değeri bakımından en fazla artışın (%124 ve %73) Darrow çeşidine ait reçel ve marmelat örneklerinde gerçekleştiği, HMF değeri bakımından ise en fazla artışın (%65 ve %87) Brigitta çeşidine ait reçel ve marmelat örneklerinde meydana geldiği gözlemlenmiştir.

Bitkilerde ve üzerinde yaşayan mikroplar (bitki mikrobiyomu) bitki sağlığı için kritik öneme sahiptir ve besin alımını kolaylaştırarak, bitki hormon seviyelerini düzenleyerek ve patojen saldırısına karşı koymaya yardımcı olarak etkilerini gösterirler. Bitkiler karmaşık mikrobiyomlarla ilişkili meta organizmalardır. Bitki yüzeylerinde (epifitler) veya bitki dokuları (endofitler) içinde bulunan mikroorganizmaların çoğu, herhangi bir bitki hastalığına neden olmaz, ancak genellikle konakçı bitkilerinin besin tedarikine önemli ölçüde katkıda bulunur. Ayrıca bitki mikrop etkileşimi sekonder metabolit miktarında değişimlere neden olur. Bu derlemede, bitki sekonder metabolit miktarını artıran bitki ve kökle ilişkili mikrop (Rizosfer) arasındaki etkileşimine odaklanarak bu fenomeni destekleyen mekanizmalar hakkında anlayışımızı geliştirecek detaylı bilgiler verilmektedir.

Bu çalışmanın amacı, marka otantikliğinin satın alma niyeti üzerindeki etkisinde marka bağlılığının aracılık rolünü tespit etmektedir. Bu bağlamda, İstanbul İlinde 18 yaşından büyük X marka gıda tüketicilerine kolayda örnekleme yöntemiyle yüz yüze 384 anket uygulanmıştır. Verilerin analizinde, SPSS 23 ve AMOS 20 programı kullanılmıştır. Veriler Cronbach Alpha Katsayısı yöntemi, Normallik testi, Açıklayıcı Faktör Analizi, Doğrulayıcı Faktör Analizi, Yapısal Eşitlik Modeli, Sobel test kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda, marka otantikliğinin satın alma niyeti üzerindeki etkisinde marka bağlığının kısmen aracılık rolü olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca marka otantikliği boyutlarından olan güvenilirlik, orijinallik ve doğallığın marka bağlılığı üzerinde, marka bağlılığı, orijinallik ve doğallığın satın alma niyeti üzerinde anlamlı bir etkisi olduğu tespit edilmiştir.