Whiteflies are pests of many crops. They cause severe yield losses and reduce crop quality on fruits. Insecticides of differents modes of action have been used with little success in the control of this pest. In this work, the efficiency of buprofezin and pyriproxyfen applied alone and/or mixtured with fenpropathrin and acephate on Bemisia tabaci B biotype eggs, nymphs and adults was evaluated under field conditions. The experiment was conduced in a randomized complete block design in an irrigated area in Paraipaba, CE, Brazil, with six treatments and eight replicates. The mixture of the insecticides fenpropathrin + acephate applied weekly alone or mixtured was efficient to control eggs, nymphs and adults of the whitefly, while the insect growth regulators buprofezin and pyriproxyfen did not control eggs and adults, but they controled nymphs, being pyriproxyfen more efficient than buprofezin.

The refrigeration is considered the most recommendable physical process to extend the shelf-life of fruits further control pathogens development. The demand for alternative postharvest disease management practices that could reduce consumer and environmental risks has increased in recent years like the use of sanitation products. The aim of this work was to evaluate the efficacy of chlorine dioxide associated with refrigeration on the control of Fusarium pallidoroseum. The effect of 8 different temperatures (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40 ºC) on the pathogen development and the effectiveness of chlorine dioxide to control F. pallidoroseum were evaluated. The best performance was obtained at 30 ºC. The temperatures of 10 ºC and 40 ºC inhibited completely the mycelial growth and sporulations, in spite of don't be lethal for F. paliidoroseum that recover its normal development when transferred to room temperature. Melons were treated with chlorine dioxide at 10 ug.mL-1. Inoculums contained 107 conidia/mL were applied onto wound on fruit surface and then stored in three different environment: room temperature (29 ± 1 ºC), low temperature (10 ± 2 ºC) during 16 days and low temperature during the whole time, evaluating every other day the incidence and severity during 28 days. The refrigeration inhibited the lesion development. Under refrigeration chlorine dioxide reduced 54 % of incidence and severity, while at room temperature just around 14 % of incidence comparing to control. Chlorine dioxide associated to refrigeration may contribute in an efficient way to integrated control of postharvest disease in melon.

An experiment was carried out under greenhouse condition at orchard of Universidade Federal de Lavras, MG with aim studing the effect of different levels of organic matter in the seedling production of papaya Formosa. The experimental design used was of randomized blocks complet with four treatment and four replication. The treatments composited of four percentages of organic compost (0%; 10%; 20% and 40% of the total volume). Each plot 16 seedlings, one for each recipient. After 140 days of sowing, it was evaluated the following characteristics: plant height (cm), number of leaves/plant, shoot dry matter, root and total (g/plant). The presence of organic matter on substrate allawed a higher growth of papaya seedlings. The presence of40% of organic compost on the substrate was the best posibility alternative of organic matter for production of papaya seedlings.

This work objectified to study the nutritional composition of the espinheiro (Machaerium aculeatum Raddi.), in dry and rainy season under pasture of Brachiaria decumbens Stapf in the conditions of Itambé, Pernambuco, Brazil. The experiment was carried out at Experimental Station of Itambé, of the IPA. It was identified 20 trees of the specie in the pasture, in which were realized eight collections of leaves and twigs (diameter<0.5 cm), half at the dry period and half at the rainy period. It were determinate the dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), potassium (K), nitrogen (N), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and phosphorus (P) contents. The CP, ADF, K, N, Ca and Mg contents were larger (P<0.05) in the rainy season, with average 14.7; 39.7; 1.7; 2.3; 1.1 and 0.5%, respectively. NDF and P contents had not differed between the seasons, with average 49.1 and 0.1%. The espinheiro presents similar chemical composition to the one of other legumes forages. The season of the year exerts influence on the chemical composition of the espinheiro.

The aim of this work was to verify the effects of Lithothamnium (Concinal Fertilizador®) in different substrates. The experiment was carried out at plant formation area at Federal University of Lavras orchard, testing the following doses of Lithothamnium: 0; 2; 4; 6; and 8 kg m-3 in two compositions of substrates: A (organic compost + sand + soil at 1:1:3 volume proportion) and B (Plantmax + sand + soil at 1:1:3 volume proportion). The randomized blocks was 5 x 2, with 4 repetititons, and 5 plants for plot. The following characteristics had been evaluated: length of the aerial part (CPA), length of the system to radicular (CR), leaf number (NF), dry substance of the aerial part (MSPA) and dry substance of the root (MSR). For seedling production of passion fruit, Lithothanium was good option for growth of passion fruit seedling, and the substrate B promoted best plants.

The Cereus jamacaru it is a cactaceae plant very used in food of cows, caprines and sheeplike in the semi-arid of Brazilian Northeastern. The pH, soluble solids, ashes, total solids, moisture, insoluble solids and the yield of Cereus jamacaru samples were determined. Were utilized the bunch of an only plant, this went separates and processes as three types of samples; pulp of the storaging pancreas of water (central stalk), pulp of vascular cylinder of end bunch and of half of bunch (part between the central stalk and the epicarp of the plant). The resultswere statiscally evaluated according to completely randomize design, from which were verified that had significant difference among the samples as to the pH, ash, totals solids, moisture and insoluble solids. Were observed that the soluble solids (ºBrix) the pulps of vascular cylinder of half and the end the bunchs had the sames, had been less to the of pulp of central stalk. The largest yield was of the pulps of the vascular cylinder, about 75%.

The aroeira (Myracroduon urundeuva Fr All) is a Anacardiaceae of natural occurrence since the Caatinga ties Argentina and Paraguay, being found in vegetal formations of caatinga, closed and forests pluvial. The species and to cultivate if hold of different form to the salinity, that is, each species of plant or to cultivate tolerates until certain salinity (Salinity threshold - SL), without reducing its potential income. This work had the objective to evaluate the germination if seeds of aroeira in different levels of salinity. One used different Chloride concentrations of sodium and calcium Chloride in the following amounts: 6,4g. 12,8g, 19,2g. The salinity intervened with all the parameters evaluated in the test of germination of the aroeira, to the measure that increased - the concentration of you leave yourself, had decrease in the analyzed 0 variable, being that, from 19,2g the germination of this culture sufficiently is harmed.

With the objective to analyze the genetc variability in natural populations, 14 accesses of Manihot had been studied pseudglaziovii, collected in the state of the Paraíba, in the microregion Curimataú Paraibano, beyond an access of M. esculenta Cranz (cassava) and a natural hybrid between these two species. Five plants of each access had been multiplied through statue and after that cultivated in an experimental area in standardized conditions, to have a homogeneous exteriorizacion of each genotype. The otimizaçãocion of the protocol of extraction of the DNA of some accesses of maniçoba and of two similar species of forager interest and to verify the genetic variability through the amplification with molecular markers RAPD saw PCR. Two methods of extraction of the DNA had been tested. The extraction protocol using detergent CTAB made possible to get clean products, less viscous and oxidized. In the analysis of genetic variability they had been used in a total of 10 starters (primers), and only 3 had produced bands, starter OPD2, OPD3 and OPD8 presented greater percentage of polymorphism followed of the OPD2, with values of 30,7% and 42,8%, respectively. These primers can discriminate molecular differences between the accesses of maniçoba and two similar species.

Existe interesse em informações sobre as necessidades de fertilizantes para a cultura do meloeiro, explorada no Pólo Agroindustrial Assú/Mossoró/Baraúnas, Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, visando a obtenção níveis elevados de produtividade de frutos de qualidade, a redução do desperdício de adubos e a diminuição da degradação ambiental. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos de aplicações de doses de nitrogênio (uréia, 45% de N) e fósforo (superfosfato simples, 20% de P2O5) sobre o rendimento e a qualidade dos frutos do meloeiro Gold Mine, de frutos amarelos, irrigado por gotejamento. As doses de nitrogênio (0, 50, 100, 150 e 200 kg N ha-1) foram combinadas em esquema fatorial com as doses de fósforo (0, 50, 100 e 150 kg P2O5 ha-1). Adotou-se o delineamento de blocos completos casualizados com cinco repetições. O nitrogênio aumentou as massas total e de frutos comercializáveis, reduziu a firmeza e o teor de sólidos solúveis do melão, mas não influenciou os números total e de frutos comercializáveis, nem o índice de formato do fruto. O fósforo não influenciou as características quantitativas e qualitativas do melão.

An experiment was carried out in the Botanical Laboratory of the Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (UFERSA), Mossoró-RN, aiming to evaluate the efficiency of dormancy breaking methods on seed germination of scarlet starglory in hypochloride sodium. A completely randomized desing was used with five treatments and four replications. The treatments consisted of T1 - Seed immersion in hypochloride sodium for 15 minutes, T2 - Seed immersion in hypochloride sodium for 25 minutes, T3 - Seed immersion in hypochloride sodium for 35 minutes, T4 - Seed immersion in hypochloride sodium for 45 minutes, T5 - No mechanical scarification and no seed immersion in hypochloride sodium. The seeds in all treatments were submitted to the immersion in boiling water for one minute for posterior process of steeping in cold water for 24 hours. All seeds were mechanically scarifield for 30 minutes before the immersion in hypochloride sodium. Evaluations for plant height, root length, shoot fresh and dry mass, seed germination percentage and germination speed index (GSI) were made. It was observed that the increase in immersion time in hypochloride sodium increased the percentage in the first seed couting, seed germination percentage and germination speed index, reaching maximum values of 94.07%, 98.49% and 17.48, respectively.