The production of jelly is an alternative to the use of fruits that did not meet the classification standard, helping to reduce post harvest losses of up to 40% of total production. This study aimed to evaluate the sensory quality of jelllies produced mixed with watermelon (Citrullus lanatus Schrad.) and tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.). Six jelly formulations were prepared using pulp from watermelon and tamarind in different proportions: F1 (100% watermelon pulp), F2 (87.5% watermelon pulp and 12.5% tamarind pulp), F3 (75% watermelon pulp and 25% tamarind pulp), F4 (12.5% tamarind pulp and 87.5% water), F5 (25% tamarind pulp and 75% water) and F6 (37.5% tamarind pulp and 62.5% water). All jellies containing pulp and sucrose in the ratio 1: 0.6 and the final soluble solids was 67 ºBrix. The attributes of color, texture, taste and preference of the jellies were evaluated by 50 untrained panelists using a hedonic scale of nine points (ranging from "like extremely" to "dislike extremely"). The worst consistency was found in F4 and the largest concentration of tamarind in jelly impaired color impacting negatively on the product acceptance. The jelly mixed F2 had the best score for taste and preference attributes that jelly F6.

This work aimed to evaluate the influence of daily supplementation with 10 g of polyethyleneglycol (PEG) associated with Sabiá shrub hay (Mimosa caesalpiniifolia Benth.) on the intake and digestibility of in goats and sheep. Twenty animals, ten sheep and ten goats were allocated in a randomized block design, with two treatments and two species: PEG group (supplemented with 10 g of PEG) and control group (without supplementation). Significant differences were not observed between treatments and species regarding the intake and digestibility of dry matter and neutral detergent fiber. Nevertheless, PEG supplementation enhanced the crude protein digestibility of Sabiá shrub hay from 33.96% to 38.74% in sheep and from 43.29% to 54.41% in goats, showing that the supplementation with PEG could become a good feeding strategy against the antinutritional effects of tannin of the forage plants.

The increase of the shrimp and fruit crop has devastated the carnauba, evidencing the importance of reforest projects and of researches aiming to the production of seedlings. It was aimed to evaluate the effect of imbibition of seeds and shading on the emergence and quality of carnauba seedlings. The treatments were disposed in a randomized design arranged in split-plot with the shading conditions (without shading and shading all day, during the morning and during the afternoon) as the main factor and the types of seeds (imbibed and non-imbibed seeds) as secondary factor. The imbibed seeds were immersed in water until the protrusion of the cotyledonary petiole. To the shading conditions was used black screen (50%). After 120 days of the sowing, we evaluated the percentage (PE), speed index (IVE) and mean time of emergency (TME), the ratio between the aerial part length and stem¿s diameter (CPA/DC) and quality index of Dickson (IQD). By the PE and IVE, higher viability was verified and vigor in imbibed seeds. By the TME, higher vigor was observed to the seedlings produced under full sunshine and with shading during the afternoon, which had higher quality according to CPA/DC. By the IQD, better balance was observed in the seedling from imbibed seeds and in the seedlings produced under full sunshine. It is concluded that the carnauba seeds imbibition provides higher emergency percentage, accelerates this process and provides better quality of seedlings. Carnauba seedlings produced under full sunshine presents faster emergency and higher quality.

The preliminary investigation of chemical constituents of a plant allows the prior knowledge of the extract and indicates the nature of the present substances. The aim of this paper was to detect the absence or presence of appreciable amounts of various chemical constituents in extracts of jurubeba [Solanum paniculatum Linnaeus (1762)], capim santo [Cymbopogon citratus Stapf (1906)], batata de purga [Operculina hamiltonii (G. DON) D.F. Austin & Staples (1983)] and melão de são caetano [Momordica charantia Linnaeus (1763)], which has been indicated as alternative treatment against gastrintestinal helmintiasis of small ruminants. The jurubeba was collected in the city of Teixeira - PB. The capim santo, the batata de purga and the melão de são caetano were collected at the Centro de Saúde e Tecnologia Rural/UFCG, Patos - PB, in august and september of 2008. After, was realized the identification of the indicated shares to the ethnopharmacology study, deposited in the Herbário Caririense Dárdano de Andrade - Lima of the Universidade Regional do Cariri-URCA. The acquisition of the extract and phytochemical study followed the methodology described by Matos (1997). To obtain the extract was used the dust of the shares collected from each plant and as solvent ethanol PA. Four tests (phenols and tannins; anthocyanins, anthocyanidins and flavonoids; leucoanthocyanidins, catechins and flavanones; and alkaloids.) were conducted for the exploration of hydroalcoholical constituents. In the chemical assay were concluded that the ethanol extracts of the four plants with compounds such as tannins and catechins, and absence of phenols, anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins.

This study was carried out in a mixed orchard in the municipality of Belmonte, in the southernmost region of Bahia and it aimed at characterizing the fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) population using faunistic analysis and studying its population fluctuation. The study was conducted from August 2007 to August 2009. Fruit fly captures were carried out using McPhail traps baited with protein hydrolisate at 5%. Weekly, the captured insects found in traps were transferred to plastic vials, one vial per trap, filled with 70% ethanol and taken to the laboratory for identification. A total of 9,709 fruit flies was captured, out of which 9,477 specimens were Anastrepha (5,908 females and 3,569 males) and 232 specimens were Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (201 females and 31 males). Nine species of Anastrepha were recorded: Anastrepha bahiensis (Lima) (2.59%), Anastrepha distincta (Greene) (2.71%), Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann) (59.37%), Anastrepha leptozona (Hendel) (0.02%), Anastrepha manihoti (Lima) (0.02%), Anastrepha obliqua (Macquart) (2.98%), Anastrepha serpentina (Wiedemann) (0.07%), Anastrepha sororcula Zucchi (29.14%), Anastrepha zenildae Zucchi (0.22%), and C. capitata (2.88%). Anastrepha fraterculus and A. sororcula were the dominant species and only A. fraterculus was constant on the orchard. The values of the Simpson (0.51) and of Shannon (01.35) indices were intermediate and the modified Hill index was 0.49, indicating a medium diversity. The high est capturevalues of Anastrepha spp. occurred from July to December 2008, with a population peak in September.

This research performed an evaluation of the water distribution on the soil surface and in its profile in a subunit irrigated by microsprinkle cultivated with Annona muricata L., with the purpose of verifying the spatial distribution and quantification of the water availability in the soil profile. The data were collected in 28 spaced emission points of 10 x 24 m, forming a mesh for application of the geostatistics. In the surface evaluation it was determined the coefficient of emission uniformity and the irrigation efficiency, while in the subsurface evaluation the water availability was esteemed in three layers of the soil profile, 0-20, 20-40 and 40-60 cm, one and twenty-four hours after the irrigation, using a neutrons probe. The coefficient of irrigation uniformity found was of 84.69% with an irrigation efficiency of 76.22%. It was verified that, twenty-four hours after irrigation, the water content in the most superficial layers of the soil profile is below the correspondent to the wilting point, while in the deepest layers the water content overcomes the maximum capacity of soil water retention, in other words, humidity superior to field capacity.

An experiment was carried out at Remigio, State of Paraíba, Brazil, to assess the water requirements of yellow passion fruit (Passiflora edulis Sims f. flavicarpa Degener) from transplanting to fruiting irrigated with water without restriction salinity (0.5 dS m-1) and saline (4.5 dS m-1) in substrate with and without biofertilizer, with and without mulch. The experimental design was randomized blocks in factorial design 23, with three replications and three plants in lysimeters with 130 dm3 of substrate. In relation to witnesses, the use of organic raw material and the cover was reduced by 11.2% and 4.5% in water consumption of plants irrigated with water without restriction salinity and saline, respectively. In non-saline water interaction biofertilizer x mulch, plant water consumption to 2.76 mm day-1 in apical vegetative growth, 4.97 mm day-1 in growth and production of side branches and 5.65 mm day-1 on flowering and fruiting. In the periods of growth and production of side branches, flowering and fruiting, the water consumption of witnesses with water without restriction salinity are higher by 18.4% and 7.7%, respectively, of control plants irrigated with saline water. The electrical conductivity of the leached solution is enhanced by the use of saline water and the treatment without mulch. Plants irrigated with saline water present crop coefficients lower than those irrigated with water without restriction salinity.

In Brazil, especially in the state of Goiás, bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) are largely cropped in small and mean farms where the association beans+corn is predominant. The castor beans has draw the attention as a promising crop for biodiesel production, and being suggested by federal authorities as a primary choice in family run small farmer¿s agricultural projects. However, to attain that purpose, a careful selection of high yielding varieties is imperative. The objective was to assess the bean cultivars intercropped with castor bean in "Cerrado". The experimental design was a completely randomized block, in a 6 x 2 + 1 factorial, with four replications. Treatments comprised a combination of six cultivars of beans (Pérola, Pontal, Requinte, Grafite, Diamante Negro and Radiante) grown under two cropping systems (non-intercropped and intercropped castor bean), and the additional treatment of the castor beans non-intercropped. Bean cultivar Pérola yield best when intercropped as well as when single crop. Castor bean cultivar Paraguaçu performed similarly in both cropping systems. Bean yield decreased in the intercropping, but in the range of 38 to 71% was more efficient than in single crop.

The reaction of resistance to ten simple hybrids of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), as well as of their 14 parents were evaluated to the pathogen Colletotrichum sublineolum, the causal agent of anthracnose. In greenhouse, the genotypes were inoculated separately with 20 monosporic isolates obtained from different sorghum producing areas in the Brazil. Evaluation was carried out ten days after inoculation utilizing methodology proposed by Cardwel et al. (1989). Neither sorghum genotype was resistant to all the isolates inoculated. Line CMSXS657 was resistant to 95%, ATF14 to 90%, ATF08 to 85% and CMSXS210 to 70% of the isolates. The most outstanding hybrids were BRS305 (CMSXS210A X BR012R) resistant to 75% of the isolates, 9920045 (ATF14A X CMSXS180R) to 65% of the isolates, BRS308 (CMSXS233A X BR012R) to 60% of the isolates, and BRS650 (CMSXS222A X CMSXS657R) to 55% of the isolates. Lines BR001 and CMSXS222 were susceptible to 90% of the isolates. The resistance frequency of the hybrids was equal or inferior to that of the parent lines, except for hybrid BRS305 (CMSXS210A X BR012R) which was resistant to a larger number of isolates than its parents. None of the isolates tested were virulent to all the genotypes. The isolates from Campo Novo dos Parecis (MT) were the most virulent while the isolates from Jardinopolis (SP) were the least virulent.

The preparation of lists from the obtaining of primary data in herbaria contributes to enrich knowledge about the Brazilian flora. Mainly, for botanical groups present in the region semiarid and characterized by low availability of information as the monocotyledons. In this way, this work presents a floristic survey of monocotyledons of the State of Ceará, northeast of Brazil, analyzing the taxa richness. The data, which are computerized and available in the software BRAHMS 6.7, were obtained from collecting of the Herbarium Prisco Bezerra (EAC). A total of 3,472 exsicates from collections in the State of Ceará were analyzed, representing 540 species, 207 genera and 28 families. The richest families were: Poaceae (193 spp.), Cyperaceae (104 spp.), Orchidaceae (51 spp.), Bromeliaceae (38 spp.) and Araceae (35 spp.). The richest genera were: Cyperus (31 spp.), Paspalum (26 spp.), Panicum (23 spp.), Rhynchospora (17 spp.), Eleocharis (16 spp.) and Eragrostis (13 spp.).