The aim of this study was to evaluate the growth and spatial distributions of Croton urucurana (sangrad` água) in Dourados-MS. They had been marked, using systematic systematic sampling, 15 plots of 100 m2 in which had been identified all individuals of Croton urucurana that they had been to classified phase of development in young, youthful and adult. To classify the species in the spatial patterns the Payandeh index was used. It was verified 943 individuals with aggregate spatial distribution in the area in study. C. urucurana is in regeneration process with has predominance of young and youthful individuals, 54.1% and 28.4%, respectively, in relation to the adult individuals (17.5%).

The desertification generates and accents the scarcity of vital natural resources for the survival human being, as drinking waters, alone agriculturist and vegetation. Implying in social and economic problems in the affected areas. Recently the remote sensing and the techniques of geoprocessing has been used in diverse areas of the research, mainly in the ambient monitoring of Brazil. For its great territorial extension the application of these tools is of great importance in the country, has seen that if it can thus carry through diagnostic of areas of difficult access by means of transports and in accordance with the secular resolution of the effective satellites can be carried through a monitoring of these areas. The present study it has as objective to analyze the evolution of the process of desertification through the NDVI in the region of the Hinterland of the State of Pernambuco through a secular series of images Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) that it includes years 1994, 1997 and 2001. It was applied the Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land - SEBAL, this algorithm calculated the albedo and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index for each pixel of the images. It was verified that the characteristic vegetation of the region diminished its area, showing that the analyzed areas meet in process of loss of the vegetation that can lead to the desertification process.

The present work had the aim to study the seasonal variation of the groundwater quality for irrigated at Lagoa de Salsa region in the district of Tibau (RN) during in the rainfall and drought season of 2008 and 2009. Sample water 24 were collected in aquifer distributed spatially in produced area in region at the two stationsalong. The variables electrical conductivity, Na, Ca, Mg, SAR, CO3, HCO3 and Cl were analyzed. The results showed that majority of the groundwater for irrigation in the Tibau microregion have use limitation. The concentrations for rain season was low in relation drought season, decreased salinity risk to mayoral parameters analyzed.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of crescents phosphorus levels in two hybrids of forage sorghum cultivated on "Zona da Mata" region, State of Alagoas. The treatments were two hybrids of forage sorghum: BRS304 e BRS310, and four phosphorus levels: 0, 25, 50 e 75 kg ha-1. The statistical design was the complete randomized block with four replications in a split plot scheme. Each experimental plot was constuited for five row of 4.5 m, spaced of 0.70 m. The soil of experimental area received lime to increase basis saturation to 60%. During the sowing, all experimental area received 100 and 120 kg ha-1 of N and K, respectively. The plants were collected 40, 50, 60 e 70 days after emergence. The mass collected was separaeted in leaves photosynthetic active and remaining of the plant. When the grains were on the "farináceo duro" stage, the yield was evaluated in 1.4 m2 on plots center. The phosphoted fertilization increases linearly the sorghum production until 75 kg ha-1 level of P. The phosphorus provides better grain participation on total dry matter of sorghum plants.

Seeds of Caesalpinea ferrea Mart. ex Tu. var. leiostachya Benth. present low and irregular germination due to dormancy caused by the impermeability of the tegument. With the purpose to determine an efficient method to accelerate and uniformize seed germination, they were submitted to different immersion periods (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 minutes) in sulfuric acid (95-98%), influence emergency and vigor (first count, speed index, medium time and relative frequency of emergency, length and dry matter of the seedlings). The experiment was carried out under greenhouse conditions with an experimental design of completely randomized, with seven treatments and four replications. The pre-conditioning of the seeds with immersion in concentrated sulfuric acid was efficient to overcoming seed dormancy, by increasing the percentage and speed emergency, the first count of emergency, length and dry matter of seedlings and reduction in the medium time for emergency. The efficiency of this chemical treatment with concentrated sulfuric depends on the immersion time, and 10 to 20 minutes were the most adequate to provide larger emergency uniformity percentages and vigor.

The objective of this research was to know the species and the population fluctuation of fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in a commercial mango (Mangifera indica L.) orchard in the coast of Ceará State. The study was developed from July of 2005 to July of 2007, in the municipality of Beberibe (CE). The capture of the fruit flies was performed using McPhail traps with 5% corn protein hydrolyzed solution as attractant. Weekly, the captured insects were sorted, the fruit flies were maintained in 70% alcohol solution and subsequently identified. The population fluctuation was estimated using the FTD (Fly/Trap/Day) index. During the research, six fruit flies species were captured: Anastrepha obliqua (Macquart) (63%), A. zenildae Zucchi (7%), A. sororcula Zucchi (5%), A. fraterculus (Wied.) (2%), A. distincta Greene (2%) and Ceratitis capitata (Wied.) (21%). The Anastrepha spp. and C. capitata population peaked was between April and July, in both years of study.

The latent infections represent serious problems for exportation of the fruits. Nevertheless, the number of products registered for postharvest treatment of melon is reduced. In view of that, was evaluated the efficiency of three pesticides thiabendazole, azoxystrobin and imazalil utilized, in the commercial doses of 194g, 8g and 100g, a.i. /100 l, respectively, in storage conditions at ambient temperature in the control of faulness postharvest caused for Alternaria alternata. The effect of pesticides on the mycelial growth, sporulation and germination of the fungi was evaluated, as well as the efficiency of the pesticides in the control of the fungi in melons. After the immersion of fruits in the fungicidal solution, discs of 5mm of PDA medium with the fungi structures were inoculated. After, four fruits were put in each cartoon package and storaged for 36 hours in a humid chamber. After that, the fruits were taken out of the humid chamber and storaged at ambient temperature. The Imazalil has inhibited 100% of the mycelial growth and sporulation of A. alternata. Although the azoxystrobin only reduced 36% of the mycelial growth, when compared with the standard sample, it shows efficiency related to sporulation. The Thiabendazole was also efficient to reduce the mycelial growth. However, it had not the same efficiency related to sporulation. All pesticides researched were efficient in the control 'in vitro', but they did not show any efficiency in the control of fungi in fruits storaged at ambient temperature.

This work was carried out at Mossoró-RN, Brazil, to evaluate the effect of the increase of water irrigation salinity level on melon fruit quality. During two production cycles four irrigation water salinity levels were applied to the plots (S1 = 0.6, S2 = 1.9, S3 = 3.2 and S4 = 4.5 dS m-1), both continuously or being increased at different stages of development. This scheme resulted in 15 treatments arranged in an entirely randomized blocks design with four replications. Effects studied were the salinity levels, the stage of development in which they were applied, and storage time of fruits. Variables pulp fruit firmness, total soluble solids, fruit juice electrical conductivity (CEf), pH, and fruit weight loss were not affected by salinity levels, neither when used continuously nor when it was increased at different development stages. Water salinity levels did not affect fruit quality variables neither when analyzed on harvest day nor 35 days after harvest, except for CEf that, on harvest day, increased linearly with the increase in water salinity level.

It was studied vegetal remainders into four mountain areas: Serra de Bodopitá (Area1), Serra de Bodocongó (Area 2), Serra do Monte (Area 3) and Serra do Canoió (Area 4) located in paraiban Cariri. The study aimed at determines the phytossociolical parameters and for this was used the program Mata Nativa 2. It was also calculated the indexes of Shannon, Pielou equability, diversity of species and families. From the 2972 sampled individuals, 633 belonged to Area 1, 602 to Area 2, 908 to Area 3 and 829 to Area 4. All of them were distributed in 54 species belonged to 25 botanic families. It was observed that the families Fabaceae and Euphorbiaceae had the largest number of species and individuals and after them Cactaceae, Anacardiaceae and Apocynaceae. The Shannon indexes values in Areas 1, 2, 3 and 4 were respectively 2.65; 2.93; 2.35 e 2.59 nats.esp.-1 . The founded densities were 3165 individuals.ha-1 in Area 1, 3010 individuals.ha-1 in Area 2, 4540 individuals.ha-1 in Area 3 and 4145 individuals.ha-1 in Area 4. The four areas had the same species with the most importance values being them: Caesalpinia pyramidalis, Aspidosperma pyrifolium, Bauhinia cheilantha, Piptadenia stipulacea.

This study aimed to provide options of cerrado fruitful tree for neighborhoods to the outskirts of Goiânia, Brazil building up the level of satisfaction of the residents in relation to current local urban landscaping. The choice has been to work with fruit due to the large number of these species in the cerrado needing to preserve the existing genetic variability and protect the local flora. Data was collected through 100 questionnaires, from simple random sampling. It was observed that 53% of respondents were classified as partially satisfied with the landscaping where live, 27% dissatisfied, 10% satisfied, 7% and 3% very satisfied totally dissatisfied. Most people never planted fruit tree, however, 87% would like fruit were planted, indicating that the absence or disability of urban arborization is not a result of predation or popular unrest. It was found that 87%do not have allergies to plants, 8% said they do not know and 5% have allergies, and interesting to give preference to trees with restricted flowering period of a few months. It was found that 93% prefer shaded street, thus, it is suggested the use of species with bulky crown and removed from public lighting. It was observed that 68% did not know or had access to proper pruning procedure to be adopted. The species most appropriate are Centrolobium tomentosum, Cassia ferruginea, Pouteria ramiflora, Dimorphandra mollis, Pseudobombax longiflorum, Inga Alba, Curatella American, Hancornia sXXXpeciosa, Alibertia edulis, Erythrina speciosa, Kielmeyera coriácea, Caryocar brasiliense, Minosa laticífera and Bowdichia vigilioides.