The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the reply of the scarlet culture (Solanum gilo Raddi) irrigated submitted the different applied doses phosphate in the plantation hollow. The used experimental delineation was of randomized blocks, being tested four levels of simple superphosphate (0, 1.000, 2.000, 3.000 kg ha-1). The phosphate fertilization in the plantation caused an increase in the following characteristics total of fruits to plant, commercial weight of fruits to plant, not commercial weight of the fruits to plant and productivity to fruits to hectare. The doses of phosphate that got a bigger efficiency to get a good productivity in the conditions of Cassilândia-MS, was of 1590 kg ha-1 of simple superphosphate that is the equivalent 286,2 kg of P2O5.

This work had as objective studying the extraction of cadmium and evaluate four extractors as conventional chemical: Mehlich-1, Mehlich-3, TEA-DTPA and CaCl2 as indicators of the availability of cadmium in plants (Zea mays) in soils of the state of Rio Grande do Norte. The soils were submitted to the correction of pH and chemical and physical analysis. The determination of total cadmium in samples of soil, were made through the technique of digestion digesters in tubes containing nitric acid with the ratio of 3:1 v / v (aqua regia). The extracts were read by the atomic absorption spectrometry, setting up the total concentration of cadmium in the samples. For the extraction of cadmium in the plant samples were submitted to digestion nitric-perclórica will ratio of 3:1 (v / v). Statistical analyses were made in the programme Statistic 6.0, where the data were submitted to the analysis of variance and correlation, is adopting levels of significance of 1% and 5% probability. The capacidae recovery of extractors used followed the following order: Water Régia> Mehlich-1> Mehlich-3> DTPA-TEA> CaCl2. The aqua regia was a good extractor for phytoavailability, presenting the second highest correlation coefficient. The CaCl2 was given the best extractor due to the availability has presented better correlation between the cadmium content in dry plant maize and extracted by extratoras tested solutions. On average the Neossolo Quartzarênico led to better absorption of cadmium by plants of maize and Neossolo Flúvico and Haplic Cambisol the minors.

The work had as objective to evaluate the germination of seeds of sugar apple (Annona squamosa L.), submitted the treatments daily pre-germinative, under controlled conditions. One evaluated the percentage of germination and the index of germination speed (IVG), using the delineation entirely casualizado with four repetitions of 25 seeds, in factorial project 2x5, being the factor scarification mechanics in two levels (with and without scarification) and factor imbibition in five levels: water, Stimulate® the 20 mL L-1, acid giberélico 50 and 750 GA3 mg L-1, all absorbing for 12 hours, and a treatment without imbibition. The scarification mechanics was carried through with sandpaper for wood. The results had shown that the scarification mechanics separately, did not make possible the overcoming of the dormancy in seeds of sugar apple. Significant alterations with the use of the sandpaper had been verified with the embebição of seeds scarification in water and Stimulate®, with increases of 22 and 43 %, respectively. The scarification with sandpaper revealed unnecessary with the imbibitions of the seeds in 750 dosages of 50 and mg L- 1 of acid gibberellic, with percentage of germination varying of 83 and 98%. The Stimulate®, in the used concentration, was inferior to the GA3 use, providing, however, increase of 43 % in relation to the germination of scarification seeds, without imbibitions the biggest indices of germination speed had been verified in the treatments with GA3, observing itself rise of the values with the increase of the dosage of acid gibberellic, and also with the use of the sandpaper.

This research was conducted to evaluate the physiological and sanity quality of melon (Cucumis melo L.) seeds used in agricultural region Assu-Baraúna-Mosssó in the Rio Grande do Norte. For seed lots each from the hybrids Goldex and Vereda were used. Research was conducted at the Seed Analysis Laboratory and Irrigation Agricultural of the Department of Crop Science of the UFERSA from August 2006 to July 2007. The physiological quality was evaluated by the germination, first count germination, accelerated aging, emergence speed index, electrical conductivity and seedling emergence, beyond the seed moisture content. The sanity was determinated by the method of filter paper with freezer, in four replications with 100 seeds per lot and completly randomized design. From the results obtained, it was concluded that first count germination, accelerated aging, electrical conductivity and seedling emergence tests only identified low and high seed lot from the hybrids Goldex and Vereda. The electrical conductivity test is most indicated to estimation of melon seed physiological potential, it was also possible to reduce the imbibition period of seeds prior this test. The pathogens associated with melon seeds were Aspergillus spp., Fusarium sp. and Macrophomina sp. and the physiological quality of seeds was not affected with the microrganisms presence.

The word had the aim to evaluate vegetative growing of manicoba function of two management systems, three densities and four plant cuttings. It had been used randomized blocks an sub-divided with factorial (2x3x4) with 5 repetition, being two of management systems (with/without camalhao) and 3 densities of planting (6666; 3333 and 2500 plants/ha) and to sub-parcels four heights (5, 15, 30 and 45 cm). Analyzed variable were: plant height (PLHE), broting number (BRNU), dry matter production (Kg/ha), and ratio leaf/brunch (L/B). Management system and planting density do not manicoba with medium value of 114.4 cm. BRNU increased (P<0.01) with planting cut height of 45 cm and as consequence production increasement of DM of leaves total. Ratio L/B was altered by management system, planting density, cutting height, keeping bigger than other. Among evaluated treatments, cutting height was affected vegetative growing and consequently phitomass accumulation and DM production.

The weed control procedures are known to affect the soil physical attributes and the nutrient amount taken up by weed roots. This work hypothesis is that weed control methods might also affect soil chemical attributes. Four experiments were carried out, three with maize (E-1, E-2 and E-3) and one with cotton (E-4), in randomized complete blocks design arranged in split-plots, with five replications. In E-1 experiment, the plots consisted of two weed control treatments: no-weed control and weed shovel-digging at 20 and 40 days after sowing; and the subplots consisted of six maize cultivars. In the three other experiments, the plots consisted of plant cultivars: four maize cultivars (E-2 and E-3) and four cotton cultivars (E-4). And, the subplots consisted of three weed control treatments: (1) no-weed control; (2) weed shovel-digging at 20 and 40 days after sowing; and (3) intercropping with cowpea (E-2) or Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Walp. (E-3 and E-4). In all experiments, after harvest, eight soil samples were collected from each subplot (0-20 cm depth) and composed in one sample. Soil chemical analysis results indicated that the weed control by shovel-digging or intercropping may increase or decrease some soil element concentrations and the alterations depend on the element and experiment considered. In E-2, the weed shovel-dug plots showed intermediate soil pH, lower S (sum of bases) values and higher soil P concentrations than the other plots. In E-4, soil K and Na concentrations in plots without weed control did not differ from plots with intercropping, and in both, K and Na values were higher than in weed shovel-dug plots. Maize and cotton cultivars did not affect soil chemical characteristics.

The present research describes the defensive behavior of Haplostegus nigricrus Conde (Hymenoptera: Pergidae) larvae exposed to the stink bug predators Podisus nigrispinus (Dallas), Supputius cincticeps (Stal) e Brontocoris tabidus (Signoret) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae). The main defensive strategy of H. nigricrus seems to be the regurgitation of toxic compounds and the continuous exhibition by the mouth, because all predators died until 24 hours after the direct contact. Only B. tabidus reached the adult phase with H. nigricus larvae as diet what suggests the higher tolerance and hability for detoxication of chemical compounds from that Symphyta.

The objective of this trial was to economically compare a sugarcane plus soybean meal diet with diets containing sugarcane supplemented with increasing levels of a 9:1 premix of urea and ammonium sulphate (0.4, 0.8% and 1.2%). Cows were maintained in tie stalls and were fed ad libitum twice a day. The forage to concentrate ratio in the beginning of the experiment was 55:45 supplemented with 1 kg/day of concentrate for each 2 kg of milk produced. Animals were blocked by days in milk and randomly assigned to treatments in three replicated 4 x 4 Latin squares. The average prices of feedstuffs in the state of Minas Gerais during the year of 2004 were used in the economical analyses. Supplementation of sugarcane with 1.2% of urea plus ammonium sulphate appears to be best the best economical compromise for lactating dairy cows producing up to 20 kg of milk per day.

The growth of the melon "pele de sapo" was studied under different irrigation depths and doses of nitrogen (N) and potassium (K), in Mossoró-RN, Brazil, in the year 2004. Three experiments were accomplished simultaneously. In each experiment was used a different depth (L) and eleven treatments. The experimental design was a completely randomized block in a factorial scheme 3 x 3 + 2, with 3 replications. Factors studied were three levels of N (N1, N2 and N3), three of K (K1, K2 e K3) plus two additional treatments (N0 with K2 e N2 with K0). The doses of K did not influence significantly in the appraised characteristics. During the cycle of the culture it was verified for L that leaf area index (IAF) and dry mater of the aerial part (FSPA) presented cubic response. Mean maximum values were 1,73 cm2 cm-2 at 64 DAS for IAF and 336,92 g at 70 DAS for FSPA. For factor N the response was linear with dose N0 and cubic with doses N1, N2 and N3 for IAF and for FSPA, which presented mean maximum values of 1,77 cm2 cm-2 and 344,27 g, at 64 and 70 DAS, respectively.

The decrease in pore that are submitted to the certain pressure, causes an increase soil bulk density, causing the compactação process, affecting the ideal development of crop root system. Consequently the present study has as obejective to evaluate the effects of different compaction levels in two soils with differrent textural classes on the yilol of aerial biomass and root of radish. The experiment was carried out in a green house at the, UFRPE, where two samples of soils from 0-20 cm with the following textural classes: sand clay loan (NITOSSOLO) compacted to bulk densities of 1,05; 1,26 and 1,47 g cm-3 and sandy (PLANOSSOLO) compacted to densities of 1,54; 1,76 and 1,98 g cm-3. A severe reduction was observed in the production of bulbs a function of the levels compaction where in the sand clay loan texture there was no development of the bulbs in the density of 1,47 g cm-3, differing from at observed in the sandy texture soil, where the largest density (1,98 g cm-3), showed development of the bulbs. The compaction in subsurface alters the distribution of the root system of he crop along the profile of the soils, without decrease in the production of roots.