The osmotic conditioning is a technique that uses inert chemically substances with the aim to begin the essential biochemical processes to embryo growth without there is seedling protrusion. This revision refer the several factors that interfere in the osmotic conditioning technique, as well as the use of chemistries, temperature, conditioning period, drying, storage and seeds revigoration. Other aspects as reduced time to obtain seedling, dormance overcome and seed revigoration.

Ecosystem's aquatic metabolism comprises three main levels: production, consumption and decomposition. For the aquaculture fundament the knowledge and accompaniment of the biotic and abiotic factors for a sustainable production. The study evaluated the dynamics of variables limnologics in ponds: Colossoma macropomun (CM) and Pseudoplatystoma corruscans (PC), during a 24hs. The work was accomplished in the Station of Fish farming of Chesf, Paulo Afonso-BA. The variables oxygen (O2), temperature (T°C) and pH were measured every two hours, shines and transparency. Samples of water were analysis ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, inorganic and organic phosphate, total phosphors, chlorophyll a, identification of the plankton and phytobenthos were collected at 09:00, 15:00 and 21:00hs. All the variables physical-chemistries were inside of the ideal for culture species. The group phytoplankton most frequent no CM was Cyanophyta and Bacillariophyta. while in PC was Xanthophyta. The group phytobentic most frequent no CM was Xanthophyta, while in PC was Bacillariophyta. The group of Copepods was the most evident zooplankton in CM and there was absence of Rotifers in PC.

The current work has as objective to determine and compare the variation of basic density of the wood throughout the stem of Psychotria cf. Sessilis, specie belonging to the Rubiaceae family and known popularly as grandiuva d'anta. The sample was performed in three selected trees at random in Dense Ombrophila Forest, in the municipality of Apiuna and Presidente Nereu Ramos - SC. The trees were knocked and they had its dendometric variables measured. The basic density was determined in samples 1,5 x 1,5 x 5 cm, taken from inside of the disc (cerne) and from the outside (alburno), being these collected next to chest (DAP), 0%, 10%, 50%,75%, 95% from the point of morphologic inversion, above this, two samples with branches named G1 and G2 were collected. The basic density was obtained through the relation between drought weight and green volume of samples and showing itself growing from the base to the top of the tree. In the analyze of variance's performance (ANOVA) was not able to be verified differences statistically significant between the averages in densities along the log and the branches, the average basic density was 0,426 g.cm3. The uniformity found to the basic density along the stem is a characteristic gives the specie stability and security for its use in structural projects, however it's needed deeper studies to better scientific fundaments of its physical and technological properties.

The soil fertility and plant nutrition are influenced by electrochemical reactions occurring on the surface of soil colloids. The point of zero salt effect (PZSE) is an important parameter to study the surface charge of those colloids, since, it allows to determine the net surface charge of soil particles. This paper aimed to determine the PZSE and the net electrical charge of twelve soils from Paraíba State, which samples were collected at the depth of 0-30 cm. The point of zero salt effect was determined using program computational PZSE for Windows version 1.0. The method adopted was the potentiometric titration with different ionic strength using electrolyte NaCl in concentrations 0.1; 0.01 and 0.001 M. The use of the program has a better analysis and accuracy of the values obtained for the PZSE, which ranged from 3.06 to 5.41. All soils had values of PZSE smaller than the pH in water, being, therefore, electronegative. All soils had the potential and the electrical charge negative, possibly due to the effect of organic matter once it presented significant correlation with PZSE.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of Litopenaeus vannamei postlarva submitted to different substitution levels of fish meal protein by meat and bone meal protein. A completely randomized design, in a 4x2 factorial arrangement was used. The first factor was substitution levels of fish meal protein by meat and bone meal protein (0, 25, 50 and 75%); and the second factor was the use of a commercial attractant (with and without). The system consisted of 40 plastic boxes with 50 L each, provided with aeration, biofilter and shelter for the shrimps, with water from a low salinity well combined with 1% of effluent from low salt water dessalinization. It was evaluated shrimp final weight, weight gain, feed consumption, feed conversion rate and survive. It was observed that shrimp performance decreased with the increasing on substitution levels of fish meal protein by meat and bone meal protein; and the presence of commercial attractant on feeds resulted on higher final weight and weight gain, in relation to feeds without commercial attractant.

The experiment was executed to evaluate the temperature and pH influence on activity of peroxidase (POD) in two sweet basil (Ocimum sp.) genotypes, grown in Viçosa, MG, Brazil, the 'Large Leaf' or 'Basilicão' and 'Purple'. It was evaluated the peroxidase activity at pH's 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9, and the remaining activity at 80 oC treated for 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 minutes. Each experiment was repeated three times. The 'Purple' genotype had higher POD specific activity. Higher and lower activities, for both genotypes, were present at pH 5 to 7 and pH 3 and 9, respectively. The heat treatment at 80 oC for 20 minutes reduced the enzyme activity by 86.28% and 100% for the genotype 'Pulple' and 'Large Leaf', respectively.

The techniques of Remote Sensing and Geographical Information Systems (GIS) are of great importance for the study, conservation and management of natural resources, which facilitate to understand the dynamic processes of the nature. The present study was made in the region of Agreste Paraibano which includes the municipalities of Puxinanã and Pocinhos. The Land use and Land cover mapping was done. The satellite Data of Landsat-TM/5, of May 08 of 2002 were used for this study, was made using of the Software Erdas Imagine 8.3.1, for the Maximum Likelihood classification (Supervised Classification). Under this interpretation the total eight classed were identified: Water/Humid Area (9.9Km2), Caatinga Forest 1 (49.5Km2), Caatinga Forest 2 (26.4Km2), Traditional Agriculture Land (69.3Km2), Pasture Land (52.8Km2), Subsistencial Agriculture Land (59.4Km2), Rocky Out Crops/Urban Area (23.1Km2) and Barren Land (39.6Km2), with covers approximately the area of 330Km2. The Accuracy Assesstment was found 100% for Water/Humid Area, 94.80% for Caatinga Forest 1, 93.21% for Caatinga Forest 2, 74.39% for Traditional Agriculture Land, 79.26% for Pasture , 77.67% for Subsistencial Agriculture , 100% for Rocky Out Crop/Urban Area and 75.01% for the Barren Land respectively. The average accuracy assesstment was found of 81,02%, with demonstrated the best accuracy for our classification. It was also found that the Pasture land class need some adequate management practices for the proper use of natural resources. The principal limitations for the classes of the Traditional Agriculture land , Pasture land and Subsistence Agriculture land were found, are: lack of water, surface rockiness and susceptibility of the erosion. The classes of Savanna 1 (Caatinga Forest 1) and Savanna 2 (Caatinga Forest 2), are recommended essentially for the use of preservation fauna and flora, or if possible may be for the sustainable use of the natural resources.

The growth of the melon "pele de sapo" was studied under different irrigation depths and doses of nitrogen (N) and potassium (K), in Mossoró-RN, Brazil, in the year 2004. Three experiments were accomplished simultaneously. In each experiment was used a different depth (L) and eleven treatments. The experimental design was a completely randomized block in a factorial scheme 3 x 3 + 2, with 3 replications. Factors studied were three levels of N (N1, N2 and N3), three of K (K1, K2 e K3) plus two additional treatments (N0 with K2 e N2 with K0). The doses of K did not influence significantly in the appraised characteristics. During the cycle of the culture it was verified for L that leaf area index (IAF) and dry mater of the aerial part (FSPA) presented cubic response. Mean maximum values were 1,73 cm2 cm-2 at 64 DAS for IAF and 336,92 g at 70 DAS for FSPA. For factor N the response was linear with dose N0 and cubic with doses N1, N2 and N3 for IAF and for FSPA, which presented mean maximum values of 1,77 cm2 cm-2 and 344,27 g, at 64 and 70 DAS, respectively.

An experiment was carried out at a greenhouse of Plant Science Department of the Universidad Federal Rural do Semi-Arid (UFERSA), Mossoró-RN, in the period of May to June of 2006, with the objective of determing the best treatment with scarlet starglory (Ipomoea glabra) incorporated to with cattle manure on rocket performance cv. Folha Larga. A completely randomized desing with seven treatments and three replications. The treatment consist of: T1 - 113g pot-1 of scarlet starglory in green base plus 21g pot-1 of cattle manure; T2 - 76g pot-1 of scarlet starglory in green base plus 42g pot-1 of cattle manure; T3 - 38g pot-1 of scarlet starglory in green base plus 63g pot-1 of cattle manure; T4 - 151g pot-1 of scarlet starglory in green base; T5 - 84g pot-1 of cattle manure; T6 ¿ Fertilization with NPK at the recommended dose for the crop and T7 - Control (no Fertilized soil). The rocket cultivar grown was Folha Larga. The evaluated traits were: plant height, number of leaves per pot, shoo fresh and dry mass. All the evaluated traits were significantly affected by the amounts of scarlet starglory incorporated. Height mean value for plant height, shoo fresh, dry mass and number of leaves were obtained in the amount of scarlet starglory incorporated of 151 g pot-1.

The best period for sugarcane growth for Itambé, Pernambuco, Brazil, was evaluated, based on observed daily precipitation and potential evapotranspiration data, for years classified as "dry", "normal" or "rainy". Potential evapotranspiration monthly values were estimated through Hargreaves methods, and transformed into 10-days period averages. Ten-days period distribution of precipitation, full evapotranspiration and half of potential evapotranspiration are used to characterize sugarcane growth phase, by determination of pre-humid, humid and post-humid periods. Results show that the best period for the growth phase of this culture in Itambé region for dry years is from January 26th to September 28th, with 245 days duration and total precipitation of 822 mm. In normal years, it begins on March 9th and ends on October 5th, with 210 days duration, and precipitation of 1064 mm. For rainy years the best period for sugarcane growth phase begins on February 20th and ends on October 13th, with 235 days duration, and average precipitation of 1426 mm.