The great solar radiation in the Brazilian semiarid region, combined with an adequate irrigation management, favors fruit production and quality of crops that were adapted to this region. The objective of this work was to evaluate the fruit quality of two apple cultivars grown in the Sub-Mid São Francisco River Valley under different irrigation water depths. A complete randomized block experimental design in a split -plot arrangement with five replications was used. The plots consisted of four irrigation water depths (ID) (60, 80, 100 and 120% of the reference evapotranspiration - ETo), the subplots consisted of two apple cultivars (C) (Julieta and Princesa) and the sub-subplots consisted of fruit positions in the tree canopies (FP) (east and west sides). The soluble solids content (SS), titratable acidity (TA), SS/TA ratio, pulp firmness (PF) and fresh weight (FW) of the fruits were evaluated. The factors evaluated showed no triple interaction between the evaluated factors, however, the SS and TA were significantly affected by them; the interaction between ID and C significantly affected the PF; the interaction between ID and FP significantly affected the PF, SS/TA ratio and FW; and the interaction between C and FP significantly affected the SS/TA ratio. The increase in water depth increased the fruit size of both cultivars, without compromising the post-harvest quality. The cultivar Princesa presented the best results regarding SS, TA, PF and FW, however, both cultivars had organoleptic characteristics within the recommended standards for commercialization. The fruits harvested on the west side presented better post-harvest quality.

ABSTRACT The great solar radiation in the Brazilian semiarid region, combined with an adequate irrigation management, favors fruit production and quality of crops that were adapted to this region. The objective of this work was to evaluate the fruit quality of two apple cultivars grown in the Sub-Mid São Francisco River Valley under different irrigation water depths. A complete randomized block experimental design in a split -plot arrangement with five replications was used. The plots consisted of four irrigation water depths (ID) (60, 80, 100 and 120% of the reference evapotranspiration - ETo), the subplots consisted of two apple cultivars (C) (Julieta and Princesa) and the sub-subplots consisted of fruit positions in the tree canopies (FP) (east and west sides). The soluble solids content (SS), titratable acidity (TA), SS/TA ratio, pulp firmness (PF) and fresh weight (FW) of the fruits were evaluated. The factors evaluated showed no triple interaction between the evaluated factors, however, the SS and TA were significantly affected by them; the interaction between ID and C significantly affected the PF; the interaction between ID and FP significantly affected the PF, SS/TA ratio and FW; and the interaction between C and FP significantly affected the SS/TA ratio. The increase in water depth increased the fruit size of both cultivars, without compromising the post-harvest quality. The cultivar Princesa presented the best results regarding SS, TA, PF and FW, however, both cultivars had organoleptic characteristics within the recommended standards for commercialization. The fruits harvested on the west side presented better post-harvest quality. | RESUMO A elevada radiação associada ao manejo adequado da irrigação no semiárido brasileiro favorece o aumento da produção e a qualidade dos frutos de culturas adaptadas a região. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade dos frutos de duas variedades de maçãs cultivadas na região do Vale Submédio do Rio São Francisco sobre diferentes lâminas de irrigação. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso, com parcelas subsubdivididas, com cinco repetições, sendo as parcelas principais quatro lâminas de irrigação (60; 80; 100; e 120 % da evapotranspiração de referência - ETo), as subparcelas duas cultivares de maçã (Julieta e Princesa) e as subsubparcelas as posições da copa da planta (leste e oeste). Avaliou-se o teor de sólidos solúveis (SS), a acidez titulável (AT), a relação entre SS/AT, a firmeza de polpa (FP) e a massa de matéria fresca do fruto (MMFF). Não se observou interação tripla entre os fatores avaliados, mas houve um efeito significativo das características SS e AT, da interação entre lâminas e cultivares para FP, da interação entre lâminas e posição para FP, razão de SS/AT e MMFF e da interação entre cultivares e posição para relação SS/AT. O aumento da irrigação promoveu aumento do tamanho dos frutos, das duas cultivares, sem comprometer a qualidade pós-colheita. A cultivar Princesa apresentou os melhores resultados quanto o SS, AT, FP e MMFF, contudo ambas as cultivares apresentaram características organolépticas dentro do recomendado para comercialização. Os frutos colhidos do lado oeste apresentaram melhor qualidade pós-colheita.

This study aimed to determine the effect of cooking on the centesimal compositions, the content of bioactive compounds, and antioxidant activities in beans of the cowpea cultivars. The beans were cooked without soaking (1:5 w/v) in a pressure cooker for 780 seconds. Statistical analysis was performed using Student’s t-test to determine the difference between means of raw and cooked beans. One-way ANOVA: post-hoc Tukey’s test was applied at 5% to compare the data of the cultivars. Significant difference (p 0.05) was noted between the moisture contents of samples, with values ranging from 10.69 to 11.37% in the raw beans and 63.32 to 75.43% in the cooked ones. Only BRS Marataoã showed a slight reduction (1.24%) in the energy value. The total polyphenol content in cooked beans decreased on discarding the broth. BRS Marataoã showed the highest levels of total polyphenols and flavonoids in raw beans, cooked beans, and broth. The raw beans of the cultivar BRS Itaim had greater content of condensed tannins and total anthocyanins. The raw beans, cooked beans, and broth showed statistically significant differences between their antioxidant activities, and the best results were found in the samples not subjected to thermal processing, particularly in BRS Marataoã. In conclusion, cooking influenced the concentration of bioactive compounds and antioxidant activities of the beans. Therefore, it is recommended that cooked cowpea beans should be consumed with the cooking broth for optimization of antioxidants.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to determine the effect of cooking on the centesimal compositions, the content of bioactive compounds, and antioxidant activities in beans of the cowpea cultivars. The beans were cooked without soaking (1:5 w/v) in a pressure cooker for 780 seconds. Statistical analysis was performed using Student’s t-test to determine the difference between means of raw and cooked beans. One-way ANOVA: post-hoc Tukey’s test was applied at 5% to compare the data of the cultivars. Significant difference (p 0.05) was noted between the moisture contents of samples, with values ranging from 10.69 to 11.37% in the raw beans and 63.32 to 75.43% in the cooked ones. Only BRS Marataoã showed a slight reduction (1.24%) in the energy value. The total polyphenol content in cooked beans decreased on discarding the broth. BRS Marataoã showed the highest levels of total polyphenols and flavonoids in raw beans, cooked beans, and broth. The raw beans of the cultivar BRS Itaim had greater content of condensed tannins and total anthocyanins. The raw beans, cooked beans, and broth showed statistically significant differences between their antioxidant activities, and the best results were found in the samples not subjected to thermal processing, particularly in BRS Marataoã. In conclusion, cooking influenced the concentration of bioactive compounds and antioxidant activities of the beans. Therefore, it is recommended that cooked cowpea beans should be consumed with the cooking broth for optimization of antioxidants. | RESUMO Este trabalho objetivou verificar o efeito da cocção na composição centesimal, no conteúdo de compostos bioativos e na atividade antioxidante em grãos de cultivares de feijão-caupi. Estes foram cozidos sem maceração (1:5 p/v) em panela de pressão por 780 segundos. Na análise estatística utilizou-se o teste t de Student para verificar diferença entre a média dos grãos crus e cozidos. Por meio do método de one-way ANOVA: post-hoc, aplicou-se o teste de médias de Tukey ao nível de 5% para as demais variáveis. Em relação à composição centesimal, houve diferença significativa (p<0,05) apenas para o teor de umidade, com valores de 10,69 a 11,37% nos grãos crus e 63,32 a 75,43% nos cozidos. Apenas a cultivar BRS Marataoã apresentou discreta redução (1,24%) no valor energético. Quanto aos polifenóis totais, observou-se uma diminuição do conteúdo nos grãos cozidos, com retenção no caldo. A cultivar BRS Marataoã destacou-se com os maiores teores de polifenóis totais e flavonóides totais nos grãos crus, cozidos e caldo. Observou-se, nos grãos crus da cultivar BRS Itaim os maiores teores de taninos condensados e antocianinas totais. Os grãos crus, cozidos e caldo apresentaram diferença estatisticamente significativa na atividade antioxidante, sendo os melhores resultados nas amostras sem tratamento térmico, com destaque para a BRS Marataoã. Concluiu-se que o cozimento influenciou a concentração dos compostos bioativos e a atividade antioxidante dos grãos, recomendando-se o consumo do feijão-caupi com o caldo de cocção para aproveitamento dos compostos antioxidantes.

The soybean-corn succession in no-tillage system (DSS) is the most common cultivation practice in the state of Mato Grosso. Soils submitted to this type of system are prone to the formation of fertility gradients and surface compaction, restricting crop productivity. The objective of this work was to evaluate the physical-chemical attributes of an Oxisol after 11 years of continuous succession of soybean and corn in direct seeding, using geostatistical analysis techniques and main components. The experiment was conducted at the Chão Nativo farm located in the municipality of Sinop, Mato Grosso, Cerrado-Amazonian ecotone. For this, a rectangular mesh was installed with 103 sampling points distributed in an area of 7.02 ha, in which the grain yield of the soybean was determined as well as the physical and chemical attributes of the soil in the layers 0-10 and 0.10 - 0.20 m. Soybean showed a grain yield between 2.83 and 3.70 Mg ha-1, which was positively correlated with the spatial distribution of pH, phosphorus and potassium. The soil presented low physical quality due to high soil resistance to penetration and macroporosity less than 10%; however, no spatial correlation of physical attributes with soybean yield was observed.

ABSTRACT The soybean-corn succession in no-tillage system (DSS) is the most common cultivation practice in the state of Mato Grosso. Soils submitted to this type of system are prone to the formation of fertility gradients and surface compaction, restricting crop productivity. The objective of this work was to evaluate the physical-chemical attributes of an Oxisol after 11 years of continuous succession of soybean and corn in direct seeding, using geostatistical analysis techniques and main components. The experiment was conducted at the Chão Nativo farm located in the municipality of Sinop, Mato Grosso, Cerrado-Amazonian ecotone. For this, a rectangular mesh was installed with 103 sampling points distributed in an area of 7.02 ha, in which the grain yield of the soybean was determined as well as the physical and chemical attributes of the soil in the layers 0-10 and 0.10 - 0.20 m. Soybean showed a grain yield between 2.83 and 3.70 Mg ha-1, which was positively correlated with the spatial distribution of pH, phosphorus and potassium. The soil presented low physical quality due to high soil resistance to penetration and macroporosity less than 10%; however, no spatial correlation of physical attributes with soybean yield was observed. | RESUMO A sucessão soja-milho em semeadura direta (SSD) é a prática de cultivo mais comum no estado de Mato Grosso. Os solos submetidos a este tipo de sistema estão propensos à formação de gradientes de fertilidade e compactação superficial, restringindo a produtividade das culturas. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar os atributos físico-químicos de um Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo após 11 anos de sucessão contínua de soja e milho em semeadura direta, utilizando-se técnicas de análise geoestatística e componentes principais. O experimento foi conduzido na fazenda Chão Nativo localizada no município de Sinop, Mato Grosso, ecótono Cerrado-Amazônia. Para isso instalou-se uma malha retangular com 103 pontos amostrais distribuídos em uma área de 7,02 ha, nos quais se determinou a produtividade de grãos da soja e os atributos físicos e químicos do solo nas camadas de 0-10 e 0,10-0,20 m. A soja apresentou amplitude na produtividade de grãos entre 2,83 e 3,70 Mg ha-1, que foi correlacionada de forma positiva com a distribuição espacial do pH, fósforo e potássio. O solo apresentou baixa qualidade física devido a elevada resistência do solo à penetração e macroporosidade menor que 10 %, contudo, não foi observada correlação espacial dos atributos físicos com a produtividade da soja.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the agronomic performance and estimate the genetic divergence of 18 cotton genotypes grown in the main season (sowed in December, 2012) and off season (sowed in January, 2013), considering their agronomic characteristics and resistance to Ramularia leaf spot. A randomized block experimental design was used, with five replications. The characteristics evaluated were plant height, first branch height, position of first fruiting branch, height of first fruiting branch, length between nodes, number of nodes, average number of bolls per plant, average boll weight, area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) related to the Ramularia leaf spot severity, weight of 100 - seed from the plant middle third, fiber percentage, average production per plant, yield and cotton fiber quality. The results were subjected to individual and joint analysis of variance and the genetic divergence was estimated according to multivariate procedures (Mahalanobis' generalized distance and Tocher's optimization method). The dissimilarity matrices were summed to estimate the genetic divergence, considering both growing periods. Genetic variability was found among the genotypes evaluated, in both the main season and off season. The characteristic that most contributed to the genetic divergence in the main season was the production per plant and, in the off season, was the fiber percentage. According to the results of the present work, the crosses between the genotypes BRS - 335 and FMT - 707; FM - 910 and FMT - 707; and IMA - 08 - 12427 and FMT - 707 are recommended.

ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to evaluate the agronomic performance and estimate the genetic divergence of 18 cotton genotypes grown in the main season (sowed in December, 2012) and off season (sowed in January, 2013), considering their agronomic characteristics and resistance to Ramularia leaf spot. A randomized block experimental design was used, with five replications. The characteristics evaluated were plant height, first branch height, position of first fruiting branch, height of first fruiting branch, length between nodes, number of nodes, average number of bolls per plant, average boll weight, area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) related to the Ramularia leaf spot severity, weight of 100-seed from the plant middle third, fiber percentage, average production per plant, yield and cotton fiber quality. The results were subjected to individual and joint analysis of variance and the genetic divergence was estimated according to multivariate procedures (Mahalanobis' generalized distance and Tocher's optimization method). The dissimilarity matrices were summed to estimate the genetic divergence, considering both growing periods. Genetic variability was found among the genotypes evaluated, in both the main season and off season. The characteristic that most contributed to the genetic divergence in the main season was the production per plant and, in the off season, was the fiber percentage. According to the results of the present work, the crosses between the genotypes BRS-335 and FMT-707; FM-910 and FMT-707; and IMA-08-12427 and FMT-707 are recommended. | RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o comportamento agronômico e estimar a divergência genética entre 18 genótipos de algodeiro, com base em características agronômicas e de resistência à mancha de ramulária. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso com cinco repetições, em duas épocas de plantio, sendo em safra (dezembro de 2012) e safrinha (janeiro de 2013). As características avaliadas foram: altura da planta, altura do primeiro ramo, posição do primeiro ramo frutífero, altura do primeiro ramo frutífero em centímetros, comprimento entre nós, número de nós, número médio de capulhos por planta, peso médio por capulho, área abaixo da curva de progresso da severidade da mancha de ramulária (AACPS), peso de cem sementes no terço médio, porcentagem de fibra, produção média por planta, produtividade e as caracteristicas tecnológicas da fibra do algodão.Foi realizada a análise de variância individual e conjunta das características avaliadas e estimada a divergência genética com base nos procedimentos multivariados de distância generalizada de Mahalanobis e o método de agrupamento de otimização de Tocher. Para estimar a divergência genética considerando as duas safras, as matrizes de dissimilaridade foram somadas. Houve variabilidade genética entre os genótipos testados, tanto em condições de safra como de safrinha. As características que mais contribuíram para a divergência genética foram a produção por planta na safra e a porcentagem de fibra na safrinha. Com os resultados deste trabalho sugere-se cruzamentos entre os genótipos BRS 335 e FMT 707, FM 910 e FMT 707, IMA 08-12427 e FMT 707.

Soil salinity and sodicity are global problems since both promote the physical, chemical and biological degradation of soil, jeopardising the productive capacity of agricultural fields. Inorganic correctives or organic inputs are applied as an attempt to reduce the problem, alongside the use of salt-tolerant plants. This study aimed at evaluating the effects of organic inputs on the growth of neem (Azadirachta indica) strains in saline-sodic soil after cutting. Treatments were arranged in a randomised block design, with four replicates in a 3 × 5 factorial. Organic inputs — bovine manure, common bovine biofertilizer (equal parts of water and fresh bovine manure) and chemically enriched biofertilizer (common biofertilizer components combined with plaster, sugarcane molasses and cow’s milk) — were applied only once, after soil washing, two days prior to seeding, at the levels of 0, 3, 6, 9 and 12% of the substrate volume. Except effects on the stem diameter, the most efficient input was bovine manure, with strong effects on the height increase and biomass yield of neem plants after cutting, especially in treatments at a level greater than 6%. The organic inputs, despite increasing the soil salinity and sodicity in the interval between washing and cutting, stimulated biometric growth and biomass formation in saline-sodic soil.

RESUMO A salinidade e a sodicidade dos solos são problemas mundiais porque promovem a degradação das propriedades físicas, químicas e biológicas dos solos e comprometem a capacidade produtiva das áreas agrícolas. Uma das tentativas de redução do problema é a aplicação de corretivos inorgânicos ou insumos orgânicos associados com plantas tolerantes aos sais. Pelo exposto, o trabalho objetiva avaliar o efeito de insumos orgânicos na rebrota de cepas de nim (Azadirachta indica) após o corte no crescimento das plantas em solo salino - sódico. Os tratamentos foram arranjados em blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições em esquema fatorial 3 × 5, referentes aos insumos orgânicos - esterco bovino, biofertilizante bovino comum (partes iguais de água e esterco fresco de bovino) e biofertilizante enriquecido quimicamente (componentes do biofertilizante comum associados a gesso, melaço de cana - de - açúcar e leite de vaca), aplicados uma única vez, após a lavagem do solo, dois dias antes da semeadura das sementes, aos níveis de 0, 3, 6, 9 e 12 % do volume do substrato. Exceto no diâmetro caulinar, o esterco bovino foi mais eficiente que os biofertilizantes no crescimento em altura e rendimento em biomassa das plantas de nim após o corte, principalmente nos tratamentos em níveis acima de 6 %. Os insumos orgânicos apesar de elevarem a salinidade e a sodicidade do solo no intervalo do final da lavagem até o corte das plantas, estimularam o crescimento biométrico e a formação de biomassa do nim em solo salino sódico. | ABSTRACT Soil salinity and sodicity are global problems since both promote the physical, chemical and biological degradation of soil, jeopardising the productive capacity of agricultural fields. Inorganic correctives or organic inputs are applied as an attempt to reduce the problem, alongside the use of salt -tolerant plants. This study aimed at evaluating the effects of organic inputs on the growth of neem (Azadirachta indica) strains in saline-sodic soil after cutting. Treatments were arranged in a randomised block design, with four replicates in a 3 × 5 factorial. Organic inputs - bovine manure, common bovine biofertilizer (equal parts of water and fresh bovine manure) and chemically enriched biofertilizer (common biofertilizer components combined with plaster, sugarcane molasses and cow’s milk) - were applied only once, after soil washing, two days prior to seeding, at the levels of 0, 3, 6, 9 and 12% of the substrate volume. Except effects on the stem diameter, the most efficient input was bovine manure, with strong effects on the height increase and biomass yield of neem plants after cutting, especially in treatments at a level greater than 6%. The organic inputs, despite increasing the soil salinity and sodicity in the interval between washing and cutting, stimulated biometric growth and biomass formation in saline-sodic soil.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the agro-economic efficiency of the intercropping of carrot with cowpea-vegetable under different spatial arrangements and population densities in the semi-arid conditions of the Brazilian Northeast. The study was conducted at the "Rafael Fernandes" Experimental Farm of the Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (UFERSA) during the period July 2013 to February 2014. The experimental design was of randomized complete blocks with four replications and treatments arranged in a 3 × 4 factorial scheme, where the first factor consisted of spatial arrangements (2:2; 3:3 and 4:4) and the second factor by population densities of cowpea-vegetables (100, 80, 60 and 40% of the recommended population in sole crop RPSC). All treatments were fertilized with roostertree (Calotropis procera Ait. R.Br.), which is a spontaneous species of the Caatinga biome. The indices of agronomic efficiency of the intercropping systems assessed were: land equivalent ratio, productive efficiency index and score of the canonical variable. The following economic indicators were also evaluated: gross income, net income, rate of return and profit margin. The agro-economic efficiency of the intercropping system of carrot with cowpea- vegetable was influenced by the spatial arrangements, with the 2:2 arrangements standing out from the others. The greatest agro-economic efficiency of the intercropping of carrot with cowpea-vegetable was obtained in the population density of 100% of the RPSC when the value of the productive efficiency index was 0.75.

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a eficiência agroeconômica do consórcio de cenoura com caupi-hortaliça sob diferentes arranjos espaciais e densidades populacionais nas condições semiáridas do Nordeste brasileiro. O estudo foi realizado na Fazenda Experimental “Rafael Fernandes” da Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (UFERSA) no período de julho 2013 a fevereiro de 2014. O delineamento experimental adotado foi de blocos completos casualizados com quatro repetições, com os tratamentos arranjados em um esquema fatorial 3 x 4, sendo o primeiro fator constituído pelos arranjos espaciais (2:2; 3:3 e 4:4) e o segundo fator pelas densidades populacionais do caupi-hortaliça (100%, 80%, 60% e 40% da população recomendada no cultivo solteiro - PRCS). Todos os tratamentos foram fertilizados com flor-de-seda (Calotropis procera (Ait.) R.Br.), que é uma espécie espontânea do bioma Caatinga. Os índices de eficiência agronômica dos sistemas consorciados avaliados foram: índice de uso eficiente da terra, índice de eficiência produtiva e escore da variável canônica. Foram também avaliados os seguintes indicadores econômicos: renda bruta, renda líquida, taxa de retorno e índice de lucratividade. A eficiência agroeconômica do sistema consorciado de cenoura com caupi-hortaliça foi influenciada pelos arranjos espaciais, com o arranjo 2:2 sobressaindo-se dos demais. A maior eficiência agroeconômica do consórcio de cenoura com caupi-vegetal foi obtida na densidade populacional de 100% da PRCS quando o valor do índice de eficiência produtiva foi de 0,75. | ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the agro-economic efficiency of the intercropping of carrot with cowpea-vegetable under different spatial arrangements and population densities in the semi-arid conditions of the Brazilian Northeast. The study was conducted at the "Rafael Fernandes" Experimental Farm of the Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (UFERSA) during the period July 2013 to February 2014. The experimental design was of randomized complete blocks with four replications and treatments arranged in a 3 × 4 factorial scheme, where the first factor consisted of spatial arrangements (2:2; 3:3 and 4:4) and the second factor by population densities of cowpea-vegetables (100, 80, 60 and 40% of the recommended population in sole crop [RPSC]). All treatments were fertilized with roostertree (Calotropis procera [Ait.] R.Br.), which is a spontaneous species of the Caatinga biome. The indices of agronomic efficiency of the intercropping systems assessed were: land equivalent ratio, productive efficiency index and score of the canonical variable. The following economic indicators were also evaluated: gross income, net income, rate of return and profit margin. The agro-economic efficiency of the intercropping system of carrot with cowpea- vegetable was influenced by the spatial arrangements, with the 2:2 arrangements standing out from the others. The greatest agro-economic efficiency of the intercropping of carrot with cowpea-vegetable was obtained in the population density of 100% of the RPSC when the value of the productive efficiency index was 0.75.

The restricted maximum likelihood/best linear unbiased prediction (REML/BLUP) mixed model method has been used to study the effects of genotype by environment interaction (G x E) in various crops including cowpea. This work aimed to analyze the G x E interaction via mixed models to identify cowpea genotypes that meet high adaptability, stability and productivity of pods and green grains when grown under Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte State conditions. Crop value and use were evaluated in two growing seasons, using randomized complete blocks design with 23 genotypes and four replications. The genetic parameters were estimated by the REML/BLUP procedure and selection was based on the harmonic mean of the relative performance of genetic values (HMRPGV). Agreement between the HMGV, relative performance of genotypic values (RPGV) and HMRPGV statistics, provided genotype discrimination. Furthermore, the HMRPGV results enabled the simultaneous selection of superior genotypes for productivity, adaptability and stability. For the productivities of pods and green grains, the most notable genotypes were the cultivars BRS Xiquexique and BRS Aracê, and the line MNC05-835B-15, which showed a high productivity of grains, adaptability and stability, and could be grown in the two growing seasons considered in the study.

ABSTRACT The restricted maximum likelihood/best linear unbiased prediction (REML/BLUP) mixed model method has been used to study the effects of genotype by environment interaction (G x E) in various crops including cowpea. This work aimed to analyze the G x E interaction via mixed models to identify cowpea genotypes that meet high adaptability, stability and productivity of pods and green grains when grown under Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte State conditions. Crop value and use were evaluated in two growing seasons, using randomized complete blocks design with 23 genotypes and four replications. The genetic parameters were estimated by the REML/BLUP procedure and selection was based on the harmonic mean of the relative performance of genetic values (HMRPGV). Agreement between the HMGV, relative performance of genotypic values (RPGV) and HMRPGV statistics, provided genotype discrimination. Furthermore, the HMRPGV results enabled the simultaneous selection of superior genotypes for productivity, adaptability and stability. For the productivities of pods and green grains, the most notable genotypes were the cultivars BRS Xiquexique and BRS Aracê, and the line MNC05-835B-15, which showed a high productivity of grains, adaptability and stability, and could be grown in the two growing seasons considered in the study. | RESUMO A metodologia de modelos mistos REML/BLUP tem sido empregada para estudar os efeitos da interação genótipos x ambientes (G x E) em várias culturas, inclusive em feijão-caupi. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a interação genótipos por ambientes em feijão-caupi via modelos mistos e identificar genótipos que reúnam alta adaptabilidade, estabilidade e produtividade de vagens e grãos verdes nas condições de Mossoró, RN. Os genótipos foram avaliados em ensaios de valor de cultivo e uso conduzidos em duas épocas de cultivo, sob delineamento experimental de blocos completos casualizados, com 23 genótipos e quatro repetições. Os parâmetros genéticos foram estimados via procedimento REML/BLUP, e a seleção baseou -se no método da média harmônica do desempenho relativo dos valores genéticos (MHPRVG). Houve concordância entre as estatísticas MHVG, PRVG e MHPRVG na discriminação dos genótipos, sendo que esta última possibilitou a seleção simultânea de genótipos superiores em produtividade, adaptabilidade e estabilidade. Para as produtividades de vagens e grãos verdes os genótipos de maior destaque foram as cultivares BRS Xiquexique, BRS Aracê e a linhagem MNC05-835B-15 que reuniram alta produtividade de grãos, adaptabilidade e estabilidade, podendo ser cultivados nas duas épocas de cultivo consideradas no estudo.

The application of a bionematicide based on chlamydospores of Pochonia chlamydosporia (Pc-10) can be an important strategy for reducing the damage caused by Meloidogyne incognita on carrot. Based on this perspective, the nematicidal effects of 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0 kg ha-1 of Pc-10 were evaluated on carrot cv. Juliana under field conditions. Carrot yield and nematode population were influenced by increasing doses of Pc-10. The application of 3.0 kg ha-1 of Pc-10 increased the marketable production of carrot roots by 41.7% compared to the untreated control, whereas the production of unmarketable roots and the nematode population in the soil were reduced by 48.7% and 61.4%. The application of 3.0 kg ha-1 of Pc-10 reduces M. incognita population and improves carrot quality and yield.

ABSTRACT The application of a bionematicide based on chlamydospores of Pochonia chlamydosporia (Pc-10) can be an important strategy for reducing the damage caused by Meloidogyne incognita on carrot. Based on this perspective, the nematicidal effects of 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0 kg ha -1 of Pc-10 were evaluated on carrot cv. Juliana under field conditions. Carrot yield and nematode population were influenced by increasing doses of Pc-10. The application of 3.0 kg ha-1 of Pc-10 increased the marketable production of carrot roots by 41.7% compared to the untreated control, whereas the production of unmarketable roots and the nematode population in the soil were reduced by 48.7% and 61.4%. The application of 3.0 kg ha -1 of Pc-10 reduces M. incognita population and improves carrot quality and yield. | RESUMO A aplicação de um bionematicida à base de clamidósporos de Pochonia chlamydosporia (Pc-10) pode se tornar uma importante estratégia para reduzir os danos causados por Meloidogyne incognita em cenoura. Baseado nessa perspectiva, o efeito nematicida de 0; 0,5; 1,0; 1,5; 2,0; 2.5 e 3,0 kg ha -1 de Pc-10 foi avaliado em área de produção de cenoura cv. Juliana em condições de campo. A produtividade de cenoura e a população do nematoide foram influenciados por doses crescentes de Pc-10. A aplicação de 3,0 kg ha-1 de Pc-10 aumentou a produção de raízes comerciais de cenoura em 41,7% comparada com aquela obtida na testemunha não tratada, enquanto que a produção de raízes não-comerciais e a população do nematoide no solo foram reduzidos em 48,7% e 61,4%, respectivamente. A aplicação de 3,0 kg ha -1 de Pc-10 reduz a população de M. incognita e aumenta a qualidade e a produtividade das raízes de cenoura.