The present work studied the productivity of plant and ratoon cane in soils with different physical, chemical and mineralogical particulars submitted to phosphate fertilization. Randomized block field experi- ments were located at Japungu Distillery (Paraíba State), at Sugar Cane Experimental Station of Carpina (Pernambuco State) and at Bom Jesus Sugar Cane plant (Pernambuco State), from where Argisoils of sandy, mid and clayey textures were selected respectively. The doses of 0, 40, 80, 120, 160 and 200 kg ha - 1 P 2 O 5 were applied at the bottom of the furrow (fertilization foundation). In the subsequent ratoon cane were applied 0 and 40 kg ha - 1 P 2 O 5 (topdressing) for each of the doses applied at the planting. It was concluded in this study that the productivity of sugarcane plant was positively influenced by phosphorus fertilization planting. The ratoon cane only responded nicely to phosphorus coverage in the less weathered medium texture Argisoils; Phospho- rus fertilization of ratoon sugarcane coverage in clay and weathered Argissolos did not promote increased productivity, restricting its recommendation in Argissolos with these characteristics.

The study was conducted to evaluate the intake, digestibility, production and composition of milk from goats fed with diets containing different protein sources (soybean meal, cottonseed cake, aerial part cassava hay, leucaena hay). Were used eight goats with 96.5 ± 3.7 days in lactation, producing 2.0 ± 0.44 kg of milk and with an average initial weight of 47.5 ± 6.6 kg distributed in two Latin square 4 x 4. The animals fed the diet containing aerial part cassava hay presented (P<0.05) higher intake of rumen undegradable protein and an intake neutral detergent fiber corrected for ash and protein higher than (P<0.05) the diet with soybean meal. The use of cottonseed cake as protein source have provided (P<0.05) intake of rumen degradable protein and ether extract higher than the remaining diets. The nutrient digestibility, production and milk composition were similar (P>0.05) between the protein sources evaluated. The efficiency of nitrogen utilization and secretion of urea in milk presented significant effect (P<0.05) in that diet with aerial part cassava hay had lower average compared to the diet with soybean meal. Diets containing soybean meal, cottonseed cake, aerial part cassava hay or leucaena hay can be used as a protein source in diets for lactating goats, not to change the digestibility of nutrients or interfere with the production and composition of milk.

In aquaculture, infections caused by bacteria are factors that cause damage. The purpose of this study was to identify bacteria with pathogenic potential in pacamã (Lophiosilurus alexandri) of São Francisco Valley. One hundred and fifteen animals were used for sampling from gills, kidneys, external lesions and eggs. The samples were streaked in Trypticase soy agar. The biochemical and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles were determined. The bacterial species identified were A.hydrophila, A. salmonicida, A. media, Acinetobacter spp., P. alcaligenes, E. aerogenes, E. agglomerans, K. oxytoca, K. pneumoniae, P.shigelloides, V. parahaemo- lyticus, V. metschnikovii and S. sannei. The sensitivity to antimicrobial was 85% to norfloxacin, 79% to ceftri- axone, 78% to enrofloxacin, 68% to sulfazothrim, 60% to nitrofurantoin, 59% to tetracycline, 55% to nalidixic acid, 49% to streptomycin, 45% to erythromycin, 32% to neomycin, 7% to ampicillin and 3% to lincomycin. Multiple resistance was observed to all isolates analyzed. Considering the occurrence of pathogenic bacteria in pacamã and its resistance to antimicrobial drugs, security measures should be adopted during antimicrobialther- apy, with the use of antibiotics that did not show resistance strains or trying natural products as an alternative to antibiotics, ensuring protection of human and animal health, as well as the environment.

The objective of this study was to evaluate morphophysiologic and productive characteristics from a modern variety of cowpea, cv BRS Novaera, under different plant densities. The experiment was con- ducted out at city of Alvorada do Gurguéia - PI, under irrigation system in the agricultural year 2009/2010. We evaluated five plant populations (100; 200; 300; 400 and 500 thousand plants per hectare) in a randomized complete block design with four replications, using BRS Novaera. The increase in population from 100 thou- sand to 500 thousand plants ha - 1 led to reductions of 78.18% in the number of branches, 66.53% in the number of pods per plant,59.53% in grain yield and, on average,of65.76% and 72.65% for biomass and plantlet af area, respectively. The pod length and weight of on hundred seeds was not significantly influenced by different plant populations. The different plant densities promoted significant changes in morphological and physiological characteristis, yield component sand grain yield.

Aiming to evaluate the sorghum intercropping on the line in two seeding dephts of brachiaria species, a trial was conducted on the field in february 2009 in Rio Verde, GO. The experimental design used was randomized blocks in factorial scheme 2x3+1+3, with four replications, being made up two brachiaria sowing depths (2 and 10 cm), three brachiaria species (Brachiaria decumbens, B. brizantha cv. Marandu and B. ruziziensis) intercropped with the sorghum DKB 599, plus four additional treatments of sorghum and brachiaria monocultures. At 52 days after to harvest the sorghum grains, it was made up the cutting on brachiaria at 30 cm from the soil to explore the regrowth of plants in off-season cultivation, and further evaluation of forage yield at 36 days after the cutting. The intercropping in the line with B. brizantha, at 2 or 10 cm sowing depth, and with B. decumbens, sown at 2cm, appeared as the most promising for sorghum grain production. The brachiaria and sorghum intercropping in the line increased the total dry matter and crude protein yields. The regrowth of brachiaria plants in the intercropping showed to be a technique viable for forage production and soil cover in dry season at Brazil cerrado.

The reference evapotranspiration (ETo) by Class A pan (TCA) is an indirect method and widely used in Brazil because of its low cost and easy handling. This work it had as objective to determine, for differ- ent methodologies of determination pan coefficients (Kp) that they are proposed in literature, the ETo gotten with the aid of the evaporation Class A pan (ECA), and to compare such results of ETo of Class A pan with the ETo estimated by the FAO Penman-Monteith method which is considered the standard fort the FAO, with his- torical series data of 15 years. There was a good performance of the Class A pan method to estimate the monthly values of ETo, considering the different ways of calculating Kp, and the methodology proposed by Snyder showed the highest rate of concordance (d = 0.80475) and lower mean absolute error (MAE = 0.28452 mm day-1), indicating its potential for practical use on the estimating of daily ETo in the region of Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.

In massal rearing of natural enemies with the goal of biological control, the procedures adopted for establishment and maintenance of the individual founders of the colonies may have undesirable effects on population genetic structure of laboratory. This situation influences the success of rearing and effectiveness in the field. The objective of this study was to evaluate, along of generations two laboratory populations (Jaboticabal and Piracicaba) of Chrysoperla externa (Hagen) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae), founded with different numbers of adults (1, 5, 10, 15 and 20 couples), the frequency of morphological variants, size of wings and eye color, such as parameters for inferences about the homozygosity degrees. For eye color were assessed the frequency, while for the size of wings was measured the width and the length of the right mesothoracic wings. The eye color variants for C. externa populations may be monitored in the laboratory aiming at detecting inbreeding, whereas the measurements of length and width of wings should not be adopted for this purpose.

The aim of this study was evaluate the agronomic p erformance of common bean cultivars ac- cording to phosphate fertilizing in the south of To cantins State. The experimental design was randomiz ed blocks with four replications. The treatments were constituted by 19 common bean cultivars submitted t o low and high levels of phosphorus in the soil (20 and 1 20 kg ha -1 of P 2 O 5 at planting, respectively). The increase of phosphorus promoted an addition in average of plant height, height of insertion of the first pod, stem diameter, number of pods per plant, number of grains per pod, number of grains per plant, weight of hundreds gra in and grains yield an cultivars IAC-Centauro, IAC-Galante , IPR-Juriti and IPR-Eldorado . The cultivars IAC-U na and IPR-Siriri present higher grains yield when sub mitted to the application of 120 kg ha -1 of P 2 O 5 .

The study aimed to examine the response of cowpea Vinegar cultivarwith inoculation of rhizobia and Trichoderma spp. at cerrado environment in Gurupi – TO, in the years of 2011 and 2012. The experiment was conducted under field conditions and experimental design of randomized blocks, corresponding to the treatments: inoculation with rhizobia and Trichoderma spp. in the seed; the seed inoculation with rhizobia and Trichoderma spp. in the soil; the seed inoculation with rhizobia and Trichoderma spp. in the seed and soil; only inoculation with rhizobia; fertilized with nitrogen; and control non-inoculated and non-fertilized with nitrogen. Inoculation was performed with the rhizobia strains INPA 03-11B and UFLA 03-84. For treatments with Trichoderma spp. was used to inoculate commercial Trichoplus JCO powder formulation. The results indicated that the potential for nitrogen fixation of rhizobia strains tested, and the Trichoderma bioprotection was of fundamental importance for biomass, production, nodulation and yield, which may be related with the effective capacity to supply nitrogen and protection against pathogens. Generallythe inoculation with rhizobia and Trichoderma in the seed and soil, provided better results on the variables analyzed for both season, with higher productivity than other treatments

For applications in water management, estimation of evapotranspiration is a critical term in the water balance, to establish a sustainable development of activities that requires such action. So it is necessary to more accurately estimate the reference evapotranspiration (ETo). The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of daily ETo values obtained for 12 empirical methods by comparing them with the Penman- Monteith FAO. The meteorological data used for the empirical models were measured in the National Institute of Meteorology automatic meteorological station installed at the experimental station in Rafael Fernandes, Federal Rural University of Semi-Arid, Mossoró, RN. Even with some methods presenting divergences from the standard method in the months of the highest water demand with an absolute error of approximately 0.99 to 1.67, it could infer that the most suitable methods based on the performance index greater than 0.76 were: Benevides and Lopez (1970), Linacre (1983), Bruin (1979), Jensen and Hayse (1963) and Priestley and Taylor (1972), in that order, thus it may represent satisfactorily the ETo. The methods that require fewer climatic elements such as Benevides and Lopez (c = 0.85) and Linacre (c = 0.79) performed better than more complex to estimate ETo in daily periods at any time of year.