With the objective of evaluating the production of lettuce seedlings in greenhouse under shading and in floating system, it was installed an experiment in the Federal University of Acre, in the period of November of 2006 to January of 2007. The experimental design was in randomized blocks with four replicates, in split-plot arrangement in strips. The strips corresponded to in the greenhouse and field, the strip, in shading (with and without) and constituting the split-plot, the floating system (with and without). The seedlings were cultivated in trays of polystyrene of 128 cells, containing substrate the base of organic composition, charred peel-of-rice and soil in the proportion of 1:1:1, added 10% of the vegetable coal and 1,5 kg m-3 of termphosphate. The screen with 50% of shading was placed to 50 cm of height. After 24 days of the planting, they were appraised the dry masses of the aerial part, of the root and total of the plant. The largest production of dry mass of the plant's aerial and total part was obtained being used it greenhouse and shading screen. Greenhouse, the floating system without shading presented smaller development of the system root and dry mass total, not differing to each other in the shading condition. The production of seedlings without floating system was better with shading in field and without shading in greenhouse. In the general, the best quality of the seedlings was obtained greenhouse.

Mimosa caesalpiniaefolia Benth., (Mimosaceae) it´s a Northeast native species from Brazil and cause its multiple utilities, it has been intensively used. Is conventionally propagated through seeds, but this process isn't easy and plant with a wide range of genetic variability. For this reason, the micropropagation assumes importance. Two experiments had been lead, being that in the first, different combination of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and benzilaminopurine (BAP) were evaluated and in the second, two ways of culture. In the first experiment the explants had been gotter from three years old plants and inoculated with MS medium (Murashige & Skoog, 1962) substance in different concentrations of 2,4-D and BAP. The observed variables were number of shoots for explants, number sprouted explants and percentile of contamination. In the second experiment explants from sprouted in vitro plantlets inoculated with a complementary formularization substances called MC1 (25 mL of medium with next composition: 20% water coconut (v/v), myo-inositol (0,1 g.L-1), ascorbic acid (0,09g.L-1)) and MC2 (20% water coconut (v/v), myo-inositol (0,1 g.L-1), ascorbic acid (0,1 g.L-1), (0,0155 g.L-1), tiamin (0,02 g.L-1), boron (0,0015 g.L-1), extract of malt (0,3 g.L-1)), both solidificed with agar (7g.L-1). In these experiments the observed variables were number of shoots per treatment and number of callus per treatment. In the combination of 2,4-D and BAP, none morphogenetic reply in the inoculeted tissues was identified. The substances MC1 and MC2 had induced in average callus sprouted in 85,8% of the inoculeted explants. In the first experiment, 34% were infested by fungus.

The selection of rhizobium strains tolerant to salinity and temperature stress, typically of semi-arid regions, enhances the chance for introducing and establishing the air nitrogen fixing bacteria and cowpea association successfully, resulting in grain yield increases. Effects of factors, such as tolerance to different NaCl concentrations (1%, 2% and 3%) and two levels of high temperature (39º C and 42º C). were studied on seventy-six rhizobium strains isolated from cowpea root nodules in order to identify the relation to the origin region and their growth habit in YEM solid culture medium. In general, it was observed that bacteria from the "Sertão" region were more tolerant to high temperatures. On the other hand, results for the salinity study showed that as the salt concentration increased, the percentage of tolerant strains decreased. About 40% of the strains were able to grow in a culture medium with 1% of NaCl. At 2% of NaCl concentration, 17% of the total strains could grow and, from this amount, 15% came from the "Sertão" region and 24% from "Zona da Mata" region. At 3% NaCl concentration, only 12% of the strains were able to grow. From the 76 strains, around 10% were tolerant to high temperatures and to the NaCl levels used, one of them from the "Agreste" region, four from the "Sertão" region and 2 from the "Zona da Mata" region".

The burning of the sugar cane for occasion of the harvest causes an expressive volatilization of the sulfur contained in the vegetable material, worsening possible deficiencies of this nutritious the short and average term. The goal of this research was to evaluate and to determine the critical levels of sulfur in soils using the mineral gypsium as sulfur source. They were installed four field rehearsals in different class texturais soils. In all rehearsals the experimental delineation employee was blocks at random. The treatments in each rehearsal they constituted of the combination of five doses of mineral gypsium and three chemical extractors, with three repetitions. They evaluated the treatments at thirty days after the application of the sulfur doses in the depths 0-0,2m of sampling. The sulfur doses were defined from need to calagem, for the layer 0,4-0,6 m of depth. With the results of recovered sulfur and production of the sugar cane, they were certain the critical levels of sulfur in the soil. The ammonium acetate extractor in acetic acid extracted more sulfur in loamy soils, of low values of P-rem and with larger contents of organic matter, while the calcium chloride extractor introduced sulfur extraction smaller power, at the same terms. Already the calcium phosphate, contend match and in the presence of acetic acid, extracted efficiently, independent sulfur of physical and chemical characteristics of the soils. The critical levels of sulfur in the soil were increasing in loamy soils, of low values of P-rem and with larger contents of organic matter.

The objective of work was evaluated four methods of superation of dormancy in Jitirana (Merremia aegyptia). The treatments used were: 1- Checking, 2 - Submersion in the hot water at 80ºC by one minute, 3 - Mechanic escarification by five minutes; 4 - Submersion in the sulfuric acid by six minutes, 5 - Submersion in the sulfuric acid by ten minutes. The experimental design was completely randomized with four replications. The plot was formed by sample with 50 seeds. The traits evaluated were: fresh weight, dry weight, height of seedling, length of root, percentage of germination and index of velocity of germination. The seeds treated with sulfuric acid showed bigger percentage of germination. The treatments with mechanic escarification and sulfuric acid (10 minutes) showed bigger index of velocity of germination.

O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar equações do tipo y = a + bx, onde y = área foliar e x = comprimento da folha (C) x largura da folha (L), que permitam a estimação da area foliar, a partir de C e L, em nove espécies adaptadas à região Semi-Árida brasileira. Cem folhas foram coletadas do terço mediano da copa de diversas árvores de espécies de folhas simples (Auxemma oncocalyx, Ao; Bauhinia forticata, Bf; Combretum leprosum, Cl) e de espécies com folhas compostas: Azadirachta indica (Ai), Caesalpinia bracteosa (Cb), Leucaena leucocephala (Ll), Mimosa caesalpiniifolia (Mc), Schinus terebenthifolius (St), and Tamarindus indica (Ti). Nas espécies com folhas compostas, C, L e A foram medidos em folhas intactas (sem folíolos destacados) e nos folíolos destacados. O coeficiente linear foi significativo em Ao e Bf, e não significativo, com folhas intactas em Ai, Cb, St, e Ti. Todos os coeficientes angulares foram diferentes de zero, mas somente em Mc esses coeficientes não diferiram entre si, quando as equações foram ajustadas a partir de folhas intactas e a partir de folíolos destacados. O coeficiente de determinação nas espécies de folhas simples variou de 0,85 to 0,97, enquanto em folhas compostas a variação correspondente foi de 0,28 a 0,93, indicando que a variação na área foliar explicada pela regressão é maior em espécies de folhas simples. Na maioria das espécies de folhas compostas o coeficiente de determinação foi maior quando a estimação foi feita a partir de folhas intactas, exceto em ST.

In aim to evaluate the nutritional value of shrimp meal its proximate chemical analyzed and a metabolism trial were done. The analyses performed on shrimp meal were dry mater (DM), ash, crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), crude fiber (CF), gross energy (GE), calcium (Ca), and phosphorous (P). In the digestibility trial sixty broilers with fourteen days old were allocated in a completely randomized experimental design composed by three treatments, four replicates and five broilers per experimental unit. Treatments were a reference standard diet and two trial diets with 30 or 40% of substitution on the reference standard diet. Shrimp meal analyses resulted in 91.81 % DM, 16.31 % ASH, 66.01 % CP, 17.31 % EE, 9.38 % CF, 4726.51 kcal/kg GE, 4.70 % calcium and 1.44 % phosphorus in dry matter. Digestibility coefficient of DM from diets and shrimp meal does not differ but values for EE digestibility differed. In the levels of 30 and 40 % inclusion the mean calculated values of Apparent Metabolizable Energy (AME) for shrimp meal were 3,690 and 3,800, for AME nitrogen corrected (AMEn) the values were 3,478 and 3,554 kcal/kg, respectively.

This study evaluated the effect of different temperatures and light conditions on Ocimum basilicum L. seed germination. The treatments were the temperatures of 20ºC, 25ºC and 30ºC and two different light expositions (constant dark and 8h of light plus 16h of dark). The tested variables were first count germination and germination percentage. The treatments consisted of 200 seeds, with four replications of 50 seeds each, sown on filter of paper for 14 days on germination chamber. The completely randomized design was used and the averages compared by Tukey test at 5% probability. The specie of Ocimum basilicum is positive photoblastic and temperature of 30ºC was the best condition for seed germination.