Although remarkable progress has been achieved in reducing hunger and poverty and improving people’s health in the past couple of decades, humanity still faces considerable socio-economic and sustainability challenges. Ensuring sustainable access to safe and sufficient water, improved sanitation facilities, clean energy sources and healthy food is a necessary requirement for ending hunger and poverty, advancing health and achieving all the goals of the sustainable development agenda. Socio-economic variables are determinant factors of water, energy and food accessibility. Ecological region, income and education are measures used in this study, which aims to examine a pairwise comparison of water and energy sources, sanitation facilities and food accessibilities in six sampling communities and tracking progress towards achieving the sustainable development goals (SDG) at a local scale using nine specific SDG indicators. A study involving questionnaire administration covering 1785 households across the three ecological regions of Katsina state was performed. Two communities representing urban and rural households from each of the ecological regions were selected. An analysis of variance was used to test the equality of resource accessibility across the investigated communities followed up by a post hoc analysis to identify significant mean groups. The results showed that the overall access level to safely manage water and sanitation facilities were 16.5% and 28.1%, respectively. Access indices of 1.83 and 1.24 for electricity and cooking fuel, respectively, were calculated in the study area. The study revealed that location, education and income are the key drivers of water, energy and food access and choice.

²H/¹H ratios in animal biomass reflect isotopic input from food and water. A 10-week controlled laboratory study raised 48 mice divided in two generations (8 mothers Mus musculus and their offspring). The mice were divided into four groups based on the combination of ²H, ¹³C, ¹⁵N-enriched and non-enriched food and water. Glycine, the most common amino acid in bone collagen, carried the ²H, ¹³C, ¹⁵N-isotopic spike in food. ANOVA data analysis indicated that hydrogen in food accounted for ∼81 % of the hydrogen isotope inventory in collagen whereas drinking water hydrogen contributed ∼17 %. Air humidity contributed an unspecified amount. Additionally, we monitored ¹³C and ¹⁵N-enrichment in bone collagen and found strong linear correlations with the ²H-enrichment. The experiments with food and water indicate two biosynthetic pathways, namely (i) de novo creation of non-essential amino acids using hydrogen from water, and (ii) the integration of essential and non-essential amino acids from food. The lower rate of isotope uptake in mothers’ collagen relative to their offspring indicates incomplete bone collagen turnover after ten weeks. The variance of hydrogen stable isotope ratios within the same cohort may limit its usefulness as a single sample proxy for archaeological or palaeoenvironmental research.

To determine whether sociodemographic characteristics, food security status, participation in federal nutrition programs (Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program [SNAP] or Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children [WIC]), and chronic disease status were associated with adherence to water and sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) intake recommendations.Cross-sectional, random-digit phone survey with questions from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System and beverage intake questionnaire.Residents of a medically underserved, rural area.Water and SSB intake.Descriptive statistics, chi-square and 1-way ANOVA, and linear and logistic regression.The sample consisted of 930 respondents (aged 56 ± 17 years; 35% non-white); reported food insecurity and SNAP and WIC participation were 37%, 29%, and 8%, respectively. Prevalent health conditions included overweight/obesity (69%), diabetes (19%), and hypertension (45%). Water recommendations were more likely to be met (72%; mean intake, 31 ± 19 fluid oz) than SSB (41%; mean intake, 246 ± 297 kcal). Food insecurity and SNAP/WIC participation were not associated with meeting recommendations, but those reporting ≥ 1 chronic disease were more likely to meet SSB recommendations (odds ratio, 2.42; P = .02).Odds of achieving SSB but not water recommendations were greater among individuals with a chronic disease. Efforts to communicate beverage recommendations to at-risk groups are needed.

The main aim of this research article is to develop a new sample preparation method based on liquid-liquid microextraction using nanostructured supramolecular solvent for analysis of total lead in food, vegetables, grilled meat products, and water samples. Optimization of important microextraction parameters was optimized using central composite design based on response surface methodology. Sulfadiazine provided the complexation of Pb(II) ions in the aqueous solution. Prior to optimization step, three supramolecular solvents were prepared and tested for analysis of Pb(II). Analysis of variance was used to investigate the main effects of microextraction parameters and their interactions and optimum parameters were selected based on the model of experimented results. Using optimized conditions, the working range, coefficient of determination, limit of detection, and enhancement factor of the developed method were found to be 0.5–400 μgL⁻¹, 0.997, 0.15 μg L⁻¹ and 126, respectively. The validation of the developed method was confirmed with certified reference material. Spiked recovery tests were also performed on food, vegetables, grilled meat products, and water samples to determine the method's accuracy and applicability to the selected samples. The percent recoveries for Pb(II) ions were between 91 and 104%, and percent relative standard deviation values were below 3.8% indicating acceptable precision and accuracy. The developed method represents a promising choice for a green sample preparation procedure for determination of total Pb in real samples.