Air tanah sangat potensial untuk mengairi tanaman pangan terutama palawija di lahan tadah hujan. Salah satu cara pemanfaatan air tanah tersebut dengan membuat sumur pantek. Hal ini memungkinkan karena kedalaman air tanah relatif dangkal (10-15 m dari permukaan tanah). Pengembangan air tanah tersebut akan berdaya guna apabila manfaat yang diperoleh cukup besar dibandingkan dengan biaya yang dikeluarkan. Frekuensi pemberian air tiap 14 hari tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap hasil kedelai dan jagung di Sukamandi (Subang), Haurgeulis (Indramayu) dan Adipala (Cilacap) dibandingkan pemberian air tiap 7 maupun 10 hari. Penyaluran air yang berasal dari pompa menggunakan slang plastik untuk mengurangi kehilangan air selama penyaluran sehingga menghemat bahan bakar pompa. Besar biaya untuk pengoperasian pompa rata-rata Rp 240.000,- dan Rp 265.000,- masing-masing untuk kedelai dan jagung sedangkan keuntungan bersih rata-rata budidaya kedelai dan jagung masing-masing Rp 374.000,-/ha dan Rp 321.000,-/ha

The present review describes the processes occurring in the degradation of pesticides in soil and persues their entry to groundwater, air and food plants. To avoid groundwater pollution the adsorption and mineralization of pesticides in soil must be at least 99,98% of the soil-reaching substances. At lower retention rates groundwater protection is achieved only by minimizing the amount of application or by enlarging the intervals between the use of the same chemical ingredients

3 maps (in pocket)

This study aims to evaluate the performance of groundwater-based tube well irrigation systems of Sarlahi District in Nepal considering a water–energy–food nexus approach. The deep tube well (DTW) irrigation systems showed better performance over shallow tube well (STW) irrigation systems in terms of water supply and agricultural output per unit of irrigated area. On the other hand, the STW-based irrigation systems showed better performance in terms of energy use, management operation and maintenance (MOM) cost and benefit–cost ratio compared to DTW-irrigated systems. The productivity of irrigation water and energy input to major crops showed the best performance for maize followed by rice and wheat. The simulated yields of cereal crops through the AquaCrop model showed significant scope for enhancing crop yields and associated benefits through judicious use of water and fertilizer. (Résumé d’auteur)