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Perchlorate as an emerging contaminant in soil, water and food Полный текст
2016
Kumarathilaka, Prasanna | Oze, Christopher | Indraratne, S.P. | Vithanage, Meththika
Perchlorate (ClO4−) is a strong oxidizer and has gained significant attention due to its reactivity, occurrence, and persistence in surface water, groundwater, soil and food. Stable isotope techniques (i.e., (18O/16O and 17O/16O) and 37Cl/35Cl) facilitate the differentiation of naturally occurring perchlorate from anthropogenic perchlorate. At high enough concentrations, perchlorate can inhibit proper function of the thyroid gland. Dietary reference dose (RfD) for perchlorate exposure from both food and water is set at 0.7 μg kg−1 body weight/day which translates to a drinking water level of 24.5 μg L−1. Chromatographic techniques (i.e., ion chromatography and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry) can be successfully used to detect trace level of perchlorate in environmental samples. Perchlorate can be effectively removed by wide variety of remediation techniques such as bio-reduction, chemical reduction, adsorption, membrane filtration, ion exchange and electro-reduction. Bio-reduction is appropriate for large scale treatment plants whereas ion exchange is suitable for removing trace level of perchlorate in aqueous medium. The environmental occurrence of perchlorate, toxicity, analytical techniques, removal technologies are presented.
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Studies on the contents of water-soluble chlorides and water-soluble sulfates in food color aluminum lakes
2004
Nakano, M. (AnGes MG Inc., Ikeda, Osaka (Japan)) | Furukawa, M. | Tsuji, S. | Tonogai, Y.
Japan's Specifications and Standards for Food Additives, 7th Edition (JSFA-VII) does not set limits for total contents of water-soluble chlorides and water-soluble sulfates (water-soluble inorganic salts) in food color aluminum lakes (FC-Als). However, the regulatory limit is 2% in JECFA and CFR. We used column switching suppressor-type ion chromatography (CSS-IC) for determination of anions. The total contents of water-soluble inorganic salts in FC-Als (112 qualified samples) were determined using the modified CSS-IC from fiscal year 1998 to fiscal year 2003. Total contents of water-soluble inorganic salts in four samples exceeded 2%. From an international point of view, it is desirable that the total content of water-soluble inorganic salts in FC-A1 should again be regulated in Japan.
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Studies on the determination of water-soluble chloride and water-soluble sulfate in food blue No.1 aluminium lake
1995
Kimura, M. (National Inst. of Hygienic Sciences, Osaka (Japan). Osaka Branch) | Umemoto, M. | Tsuji, S. | Shibata, T. | Yamada, M. | Kato, Y. | Inoue, T. | Nakamura, M. | Ito, Y.
