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Water-Food-Nutrition-Health Nexus: Linking Water to Improving Food, Nutrition and Health in Sub-Saharan Africa Полный текст
2016
Tafadzwanashe Mabhaudhi | Tendai Chibarabada | Albert Modi
Whereas sub-Saharan Africa’s (SSA) water scarcity, food, nutrition and health challenges are well-documented, efforts to address them have often been disconnected. Given that the region continues to be affected by poverty and food and nutrition insecurity at national and household levels, there is a need for a paradigm shift in order to effectively deliver on the twin challenges of food and nutrition security under conditions of water scarcity. There is a need to link water use in agriculture to achieve food and nutrition security outcomes for improved human health and well-being. Currently, there are no explicit linkages between water, agriculture, nutrition and health owing to uncoordinated efforts between agricultural and nutrition scientists. There is also a need to develop and promote the use of metrics that capture aspects of water, agriculture, food and nutrition. This review identified nutritional water productivity as a suitable index for measuring the impact of a water-food-nutrition-health nexus. Socio-economic factors are also considered as they influence food choices in rural communities. An argument for the need to utilise the region’s agrobiodiversity for addressing dietary quality and diversity was established. It is concluded that a model for improving nutrition and health of poor rural communities based on the water-food-nutrition-health nexus is possible.
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Pandemic flu preparation Полный текст
2006
Cassel, E. Kim
Food soils, water hardness, and alkaline cleaner formulations [Food processing eqiupment].
1975
Watrous G.H. Jr.
Loan Agreement L7621-CO Conformed Полный текст
Molnar,Ferenc E.
This document is the first systematic discussion of the most important lessons of the APPJ Project of the European Union, which was implemented between the years 1993 and 2001. The project was prepared to respond to the emergency health situation of the cholera epidemic of 1991. The proposed project was to comment on building autonomous systems of drinking water in peri-urban areas not served by the SEDAPAL drinking water network. Lessons learned include: 1) It is not enough to build drinking water systems; 2) It is essential to ensure the existence of units that manage the system efficiently. 3) It is important to operate a monitoring program of the autonomous systems in Lima. This document has been divided into five chapters and three annexes. The first chapter presents the background of the project, the features of the proposal and phases their execution. The second deals with processes that led to major improvements in the construction of the autonomous systems of drinking water. The third chapter discusses the various aspects and factors influencing the sustainability of water systems. The fourth chapter discusses the role of institutional actors involved directly or indirectly in the sustainability of building water systems. Finally, the fifth chapter presents conclusions and lessons. The document ends with three annexes: the first is information on costs and volume of sales of systems visited; the second is a summary of the information status of systems visited, and the third is a list of NGOs who have participated in the implementation of the project.
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Handbook of culture media for food and water microbiology | Culture media for food and water microbiology | Handbook of culture media for food microbiology
2012
Corry, Janet E. L. | Curtis, G. D. W. | Baird, R. M. (Rosamund M)
"This is the highly anticipated third edition of a book written by the Working Party on Culture Media of the International Committee on Food Microbiology and Hygiene. It is a handy reference for microbiologists wanting to know which media to use for the detection of various groups of microbes in foods and how to check the performance of the media. | The book is divided into two parts and concentrates on media for water as well as food microbes - selecting those which have been evaluated and shown to function optimally. The first part consists of a series of chapters written by various experts from all over the world, reviewing the media designed to detect the major groups of microbes important in food spoilage, food fermentations and food-borne disease. The history and rationale of the selective agents and indicator systems used, as well as the relative merits of the various media are surveyed by reference to the scientific literature. The second part contains monographs on almost 100 of the media considered most useful. Each monograph, written in the style of a pharmacopoeia, includes: a short section on the history and selective principle of the medium; a method for its preparation from basic ingredients; its appearance and physical properties, including pH; its shelf-life; instructions concerning method of inoculation, incubation and interpretation; the recommended method(s) and a list of test strains suitable for assessing the quality (productivity and selectivity) of the medium and a description of the typical appearance of the target organism"--Publisher decription.
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Food waste and the food-energy-water nexus: A review of food waste management alternatives Полный текст
2018
Kibler, Kelly M. | Reinhart, Debra | Hawkins, Christopher | Motlagh, Amir Mohaghegh | Wright, James
Throughout the world, much food produced is wasted. The resource impact of producing wasted food is substantial; however, little is known about the energy and water consumed in managing food waste after it has been disposed. Herein, we characterize food waste within the Food-Energy-Water (FEW) nexus and parse the differential FEW effects of producing uneaten food and managing food loss and waste. We find that various food waste management options, such as waste prevention, landfilling, composting, anaerobic digestion, and incineration, present variable pathways for FEW impacts and opportunities. Furthermore, comprehensive sustainable management of food waste will involve varied mechanisms and actors at multiple levels of governance and at the level of individual consumers. To address the complex food waste problem, we therefore propose a “food-waste-systems” approach to optimize resources within the FEW nexus. Such a framework may be applied to devise strategies that, for instance, minimize the amount of edible food that is wasted, foster efficient use of energy and water in the food production process, and simultaneously reduce pollution externalities and create opportunities from recycled energy and nutrients. Characterization of FEW nexus impacts of wasted food, including descriptions of dynamic feedback behaviors, presents a significant research gap and a priority for future work. Large-scale decision making requires more complete understanding of food waste and its management within the FEW nexus, particularly regarding post-disposal impacts related to water.
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-][Discussion paper on proposed guidelines for hygienic recycling of processed water in food plants] | Documento de debate sobre las directrices propuestas para el reciclaje higienico del agua en plantas de elaboracion de alimentos
1997
Applying the food-energy-water nexus approach to urban agriculture: From FEW to FEWP (Food-Energy-Water-People) Полный текст
2021
Caputo, Silvio | Schoen, Victoria | Specht, Kathrin | Grard, Baptiste | Blythe, Chris | Cohen, Nevin | Fox-Kämper, Runrid | Hawes, Jason | Newell, Joshua | Poniży, Lidia | University of Kent [Canterbury] | ILS, Research Institute for Regional and Urban Development, Office Aachen, Karmeliterstrasse 6, 52064 Aachen, Germany, ; ILS, Research Institute for Regional and Urban Development, Office Aachen, Karmeliterstrasse 6, 52064 Aachen, Germany, | Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS) ; AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) | City University of New York [New York] (CUNY) | University of Michigan [Ann Arbor] ; University of Michigan System | Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu = Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań (UAM) | UK Research & Innovation (UKRI) ; Economic & Social Research Council (ESRC) ; Federal Ministry of Education & Research (BMBF) ; French National Research Agency (ANR) ; NSF, USA, Belmont Forum ; European Commission ; | ANR-17-SUGI-0001,FEW-meter,The FEW-meter : an integrative model to measure and improve urban agriculture, shifting it towards circular urban metabolism(2017)
International audience | Many studies examine the correlation between the use of resources such as water, energy and land, and the production of food. These nexus studies focus predominantly on large scale systems, often considering the social dimensions only in terms of access to resources and participation in the decision-making process, rather than individual attitudes and behaviours with respect to resource use. Such a concept of the nexus is relevant to urban agriculture (UA), but it requires customisation to the particular characteristics of growing food in cities, which is practiced mainly at a small scale and produces not only food but also considerable social, economic, and environmental co-benefits. To this end, this paper proposes a new conceptual basis for a UA Nexus, together with an assessment methodology that explicitly includes social dimensions in addition to food, energy and water. The conceptual basis introduces People, together with Food, Energy and Water, as a fundamental factor of the UA Nexus. On this basis, a methodology is developed measuring not only resource efficiency and food production but also motivations and health benefits. It comprises a combination of methods such as diaries of everyday UA practices, a database of UA activities, life cycle assessment (LCA), and material flow analysis to connect investigations developed at a garden scale to the city scale. A case study shows an application of the methodology.
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Effects of restriction of water and food intake on thermoregulation, food utilization and water economy in desert sheep
1994
Ahmed, M.M.M. | Abdelatif, A.M. (Institute of Animal Production, Department of Animal Husbandry, University of Khartoum, P.O. Box 32, Khartoum North (Sudan))
Resource and water recovery solutions for Singapore’s water, waste, energy, and food nexus. Part II, Food waste valorization Полный текст
2021
Mubita, Tania | Appelman, Wilfred | Soethoudt, Han | Kok, Melanie
In the last years, Singapore has set clear targets to transition towards a circular economy. To advance on those targets, the country has introduced policies and strategies to encourage businesses and society to adopt sustainable practices. In 2019, Singapore launched a Zero Waste Master Plan, which lays out strategies for waste and resource management within the context of the circular economy. With this plan, Singapore aims to reduce the amount of waste sent to landfills by 30% by 2030. And it targets food, electronics, and packaging, including plastics, as priority waste streams. This report provides an overview of Singapore’s food waste management with special emphasis on food waste valorization strategies. Through an exploratory study and conducting interviews with different stakeholders, i.e., individuals, government, businesses, research institutes, key drivers and constraints to increasing food waste valorization were identified. The report also includes the view of food waste experts on valorization strategies that can be applied in the Singaporean context.
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